The devices that use electronic machinery to produce sound include telex reed organ, China door organ and electric guitar; Pure electronic sound manufacturing equipment includes vibrators, voice synthesizers and computers.
Electronic music was once almost completely associated with western art music, especially European art music. However, since the late 1960s, Moore's Law has created affordable music technology, which means that making music by electronic means has become more and more popular and developed in different countries and regions. Today's electronic music includes all kinds and ranges, from experimental art music to popular forms, such as electronic dance music.
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In the 1960 s, electronic music was prolific-not only in academia, but also among independent artists, because synthesizer technology became easier to operate. During this period, a powerful group of composers and musicians was established and prospered, dedicated to creating new sounds and new musical instruments.
1960 witnessed Lu Ning's Gargoyle for violin and recording tape, and Stockhausen's Contact for electronic vocals, pianos and percussion instruments. There are two versions of this work-one is the tape of Channel 4; The other is a recording of a mass performance.
"In contact, Stockhausen abandoned the traditional musical style based on linear development and dramatic climax. He called this new method' instantaneous form', similar to the film editing technology developed in the early 20 th century. "
The first synthesizer of this kind is Buchira, which appeared in 1963. It is the groundbreaking product of a specific music composer, Morton Su Bouhnik.
Tremaine has been used since the1920s, but its popularity began in the191950s, when it was used in the soundtrack music of sci-fi movies (for example, "day the earth stood still" composed by bernard herrmann).
During this period, BBC Broadcasting Studio (established in 1958) gradually became the most productive and well-known electronic music recording studio in the world, which was attributed to their great contribution to the BBC sci-fi series Doctor of Time and Space.
At that time, one of the most influential electronic artists in Britain was Delia Derbyshire, an employee of the studio. On 1963, she became famous for practicing electronic music with Dr. Time and Space, the iconic theme song of Dr. Time and Space, composed by Ron greiner.
196 1 year, Joseph tal established the "Israel Electronic Music Center" in Hebrew University. 1962, Hugh Le Kane arrived in Jerusalem and installed his "innovative tape recorder" here.
Later, in the1990s, Dr. Tal and Dr. Shlomo Macher * * * led a cooperative research project (Talmark) with Israel Institute of Technology and Volkswagen Foundation to develop a score system for electronic music.
Milton babbitt composed his first electronic work "Composing for the Synthesizer" (196 1) with a synthesizer, and used RCA synthesizer in Columbia-Princeton Electronic Music Center.
For Babbitt, there are three reasons to think that RCA synthesizer has realized his dream. First, the ability to accurately control every musical element. Second, it used to take time to create carefully through practice, but now it can be realized in a simple and practical way. Third, the question is no longer "what is the limit of human performers?" But "what is the limit of human hearing?"
Some cooperation projects also span oceans and continents. 196 1 year, Sacevski invited Varese to come to Columbia-Princeton Studio (CPEMC). Upon arrival, with the assistance of Mario David Dovski and Babylon Ariel, Varese started the revised edition of Desert.
Inspired by the enthusiastic activities of CPEMC and other places, Morton Sabonick, Pauline Olivier, Ramon Sender, Anthony Martin and Terry Riley jointly founded the San Francisco Band Music Center at 1963.
Riley used various electronic keyboard instruments in his work Rainbow in the Bending Atmosphere (1967), which were improvised by the composer.
Later, the center moved to Mills College, under the direction of Pauline Olivier, and now it is called "Contemporary Music Center".
Meanwhile, in San Francisco, composer Stan Shaff and equipment designer Doug McEachern held the first "Audium" concert at San Francisco State College (1962).
Then he created another work (1963) at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (SFMOMA). It is conceivable that it instantly controls the flow of sound in space. * * * There are 12 speakers around the auditorium, and the other four speakers are installed in a rotating and seemingly movable structure above.
The following year (1964), in a performance in SFMOMA, Alfred Frankenstein, a music critic of San Francisco Chronicle, commented that "the possibility of stereo continuum is rarely explored widely". 1967 opened the first Audium Theatre, namely "Stereo Continuum", with weekly performances until 1970.
1975, with the support of the National Art Foundation, a new Hodieux Theatre was completed. The floor and ceiling are designed for stereo creation and performance. "In contrast, some composers operate stereo by setting multiple speakers in the performance space to switch or filter various sound sources.
In this method, the composition of spatial operation depends on the position of each speaker, and the acoustic characteristics of the field are usually used. For example, Varese's electronic music poems (1958 recorded music performed in the Philips exhibition hall of the Brussels World Expo) and Stanley Schiff (sic) are still alive and well in the Audium facility in San Francisco. "
Through regular programs every week (more than 4,500 in 40 years), Shaf's "Sculpture" voice performs three-dimensional works that are now digital through 176 speakers.
A well-known use case of full-size Moog tuning synthesizer is wendy carlos's album Receiving Bach, which triggered the upsurge of synthesizer music.
Pietro Rossi is a pioneer of computer composition and band music in Italy. He first tried electronic technology in the early 1960s. Grossi was a cellist and composer, and was born in Venice in 19 17. 1963, he founded Florence Music Studio (Italian: Studio de Fonologia Musicale di Firenze, abbreviated as S 2FM), and tried electronic sound and composition.