-Yao:
Yao, surname, first name, historical name. In 2377 BC, on the second day of the second lunar month, he was born in Yiqishan Mountain in the Tang Dynasty and spent his childhood in Du Qing with his mother. 15 years old, was named Tang Hou under the mountain closure in Tang County. At the age of 20, his brother Di Zhi was forced to give way to him and became the leader of the tribal alliance at the end of primitive society in China. After he ascended the throne, he restored his brother's loyalty to the Tang Dynasty as a Tang Hou, and built the first capital-Tang County in Fucheng. Later, due to the flood, it gradually moved its capital to Shanxi, with Pingyang as its capital. After 70 years in office, he abdicated to Shun at the age of 90 at the age of 1 18.
-Shun:
Shun, the legendary leader of the tribal alliance in the late patriarchal society of China [the name of the ancient patriotic monarch of Shun China]. Shun, also known as Yu Shun, the eighth grandson of the Yellow Emperor, was born in Yaodi and took the land as his surname. Yao's people are Shun's inscriptions [1] and Shun's descendants.
Qing Qianlong's Zhucheng County Records states: "Shun is the crown of the county map, and Zhu Feng is the head of the historical site." Prove that Zhucheng is the hometown of Yu Shun. Fengcun, Wanjiazhuang Township, Zhucheng City, Shandong Province.
Shun, known as Yao, is the legendary holy king.
Shun was named Zhong Hua, and Huangfu Mi in Jin Dynasty called him a gentleman. Shun, also known as Yu Shun, is in danger of the founding of the People's Republic of China and Dupban. According to the custom of taking the country as the surname in the pre-Qin period, Yu was called Emperor Shun. Shun was born in Yao city, so his surname is Yao. In the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Shoujie specifically pointed out: "Hedong County in Zhou Pu belongs to Jizhou." Shun seems to be from Hedong county. Hedong County, Zhou Pu in the Tang Dynasty, is now yongji city, which is now Zhou Pu Town. Mencius believed that Shun was a native of Dongyi. Mencius: "Shun was born in abundance, moved to Xia, died in Mingtiao, and was also a foreigner."
Confucius said in The Doctrine of the Mean: "The great knowledge of Shun is also related to it! Shun is good at asking questions and observing words, hiding evil and promoting good, holding both ends and using them for the people. His thoughts are fluent! "
According to legend, Shun's family background is very poor. Although he is a descendant of Emperor Zhuan Xu, the fifth one is Shu Ren, who is in the lower class. Shun's experience is more unfortunate. His father Gu Sou was blind and his mother died young. After remarriage, the stepmother gave birth to a younger brother named Xiang. Shun lives in a family environment of "stubborn father, arrogant mother, arrogant elephant". His father had ulterior motives, his stepmother was duplicitous, his younger brother was unruly, and several people conspired to kill Shun. But Shun has not lost his filial piety to his parents, and he is also very friendly to his younger brother. He has never slackened off for years. Shun fled in time when his family wanted to harm him; If you are a little better, go back to them immediately and help them as much as possible, so you can't kill them; Seeking and tasting (often) is so unfortunate and the environment is so bad, but Shun can show extraordinary moral character and handle family relations well, which is a unique aspect of his legendary story.
Shun was born in a poor family, engaged in all kinds of manual labor and experienced ups and downs. Farming and planting in Lishan (Qianfo Mountain in the southern suburbs of Jinan, called Lishan in ancient times, and Shunshan and Shun Di in Shungeng Mountain), fishing in Leize (northeast of Heze, Shandong Province), and making pottery on the banks of the Yellow River. In short, his life is very difficult. He wanders around to support his family.
According to legend, Shun became famous at the age of 20. He is famous for his filial piety. Because he can stick to filial piety to his parents who abused and persecuted him, he was called Yang in his youth. 10 years later, Yao asked Siyue (the head of the four governors) for an heir, and Siyue recommended Shun. Yao married his two daughters to Shun to test his character and ability. Shun not only makes the two daughters live in harmony with the whole family, but also shows outstanding talents and noble personality strength in all aspects. "Shun Li Gengshan, people who have experienced mountains give way; Fishing for Razer, Razer makes way for everyone. As long as he works, the wind of comity will rise; " Pottery riverside, riverside utensils are not bitter ",making pottery can also drive people around to engage in earnest, strive for perfection, and put an end to the phenomenon of shoddy. Wherever he goes, people are willing to follow him, so "one year, he lived together (together is a village), two years, he became a city, three years, Chengdu (with four counties as the capital)". Yao was very happy to learn these things, and gave Shunyi clothes (fine ge cloth clothes) and Qin cattle and sheep, and built a cowshed for him.
Shun got these rewards, and Xiang was very jealous. They want to kill Shun and seize the property. Gu Sou asked Shun to repair the roof of the barn, but set fire to the barn below. Shun made wings with two hats, jumped down from the house and survived. Later, Shun was asked to dig a well. The well was dug deep, but the joint was filled with soil. They want to plug the well and bury Shun alive. Fortunately, Shun was alert in advance, dug a passage next to the shaft and hid through the passage for a while. He Xiang thinks this plot is successful. Xiang said that the idea came from him, that is, to share things with a piano, that Yao's two daughters should be his wives, and that cows, sheep and sheds should be shared with their parents. The elephant lives in Shun's house and plays Shun's piano. Shun went to see him. The elephant was surprised, but the boss was unhappy. He just said, "I think Shun is boring!" " "Shun doesn't take it to heart, as always, he is filial to his parents and friendly to his brothers; And more sincere and cautious than before.
Later, Yao asked Shun to participate in politics, manage officials, receive guests and undergo various tempering. Shun not only handled political affairs in an orderly way, but also improved the employment situation. Yao's unused "eight yuan" and "eight opening" have a long reputation, and he ordered "eight yuan" to manage the land and make "eight opening" keep discipline; There are also "Four Fierce Families", namely Hundun, a fatuous scholar in Di Hong, Qiong Qi, a fatuous scholar in Shaoluo, a fatuous scholar in Zhuan Xu and a gluttonous scholar in Jinyun. Although notorious, Yao failed to deal with them, and Shun exiled the "Four Fierce Families" to remote and wild places. The implementation of these measures shows Shun's general plan of governing the country and his political talent.
After many experiments, Shun finally got Yao's approval. Choose an auspicious day and hold a ceremony. Yao and Shun, located in Shun, are called "the last Wen Zu" in Shangshu. Legend has it that Yao ruled the emperor in Shun Dynasty, although he had the right of the emperor, but he did not hold the title of the emperor. Contrary to these two statements, the legend is that Shun imprisoned Yao and prevented his son from seeing him. Shun himself became the son of heaven, similar to the court coup of later generations, usurping power and seizing power.
After Shun came to power, it is said that there were a series of major political actions and great efforts were made to govern the country. He revised the calendar and held a ceremony to worship the gods of the four seasons of heaven and earth and mountains and rivers. He also collected the imperial edicts of the governors, then set an auspicious day, called the governors from all over the country, held a grand ceremony and re-issued the imperial edicts. When he ascended the throne, he traveled around the world, offering sacrifices to famous mountains, calling governors and observing people's feelings; It also stipulates that a patrol will be conducted in the next five years to check the improvement of the political achievements of the ruling party and stipulate rewards and punishments. It can be seen that Shun attached importance to the connection with the local government and strengthened its rule over the local government.
Legend has it that Shun's general plan of governing the country is also to "take the punishment as an example and shed five punishments", and draw the shape of five punishments on the utensils to play a warning role; Use exile instead of corporal punishment to show leniency. But there are also punishments of flogging, beating and redemption, especially for criminals who refuse to repent. Shun exiled the workers to Youzhou, Huandou to Chongshan, Sanmiao to Sanwei, and Gun who failed in water control to Yushan. The bad guys were punished and everyone was convinced.
According to the legend of Historical Records, Yao died after 28 years of regency. After three years of mourning, Shun gave way to the son of Yao and retreated to the south of Nanhe River. However, all the governors in the world went to see Shun, but ignored Dani; People in the court also complained to Shun, and the people made up many songs to praise Shun and ignored them. Shun felt that the will of the people and providence could not be shirked, so he returned to the capital and ascended the throne of the son of heaven. However, the legendary capital of Shun and the capital of Yao are not in the same place. According to Shi Mao Justice written by Confucius in the Tang Dynasty, Huangfu Mi said; "Shunying Capital, or Yunpu Sakamoto." Puban was Hedong County in the Tang Dynasty, which is now Yongji County, Shanxi Province.
After Yao's death, Shun had another great political revolution. Yu, Qi, Abandon, Boyi, Wei Xiao, Long, Cui, Yi, etc. Used in the past, I don't know. At this time, Shun ordered Yu to be Shu Ren, managing water and soil; Abandoned as Hou Ji, in charge of agriculture; Life contract as the implementation of Stuart Enlightenment; Hao Tao was appointed as a "scholar" in charge of criminal law; Life hangs as a "* * * worker" and is in charge of all kinds of work; Life benefits are "dangerous" and are in charge of the mountains; Boyi was appointed as "Rank Zong" and presided over the etiquette; He was appointed music officer, in charge of music and education; Long was appointed as "Yan Na", responsible for issuing orders and collecting opinions. It is also stipulated that political achievements should be inspected every three years, and promotion or dismissal should be decided by the results of three inspections. Through such rectification, all work has taken on a new look. These people have made brilliant achievements, among which the rest are the greatest.
Shun Di Statue He devoted himself to flood control, set an example, cut mountains and dredged rivers, finally conquered the flood, and made people all over the world live and work in peace and contentment. At that time, "the merits of Emperor Shun were cherished in the four seas" and "the virtues of the world began with Emperor Shun", showing an unprecedented peace situation.
Shun was old and thought his son was corrupt, so he decided to let Yu, who had the highest prestige, be his successor, and Yu was in charge of administrative affairs. Therefore, Shun, like Yao, is the sage of Zen.
According to legend, after Yao's death, Shun was in office for thirty-nine years. During his southern tour, he died in the wild of Cangwu and was buried in Jiuyi Mountain in the south of the Yangtze River, known as Lingling in history. However, there are many doubts about this statement. First of all, Cangwu was a barren land. It is neither an economic and cultural center nor a military place to resist foreigners. Shun was nearly a hundred years old at that time, so there was no reason to visit here. Secondly, Puban, the capital of Shunding, is now Yongji County, Shanxi Province. A thousand miles away. According to the traffic conditions at that time, it would take several years to make a round trip. Besides, Shun is a southern tour, and Cangwu may not be the end, but Shun, who is nearly a hundred years old, never has the physical strength and energy to make such a long March-like southern tour. To sum up, some people put forward a point: Shun was definitely going to travel far. Or armed escort, have to go; Or pursue, blindly escape. The two should be integrated.
Shun, like Yao, was the ancient and modern holy king respected by Confucianism and Mohism in the pre-Qin period. Shun is of special significance to Confucianism. Confucianism attaches importance to filial piety, and Shun's legend is also famous for filial piety, so his personality image is only a model of Confucian ethics. Mencius is a person who has made great contributions to the development of Confucianism after Confucius. He strongly praised Shun's filial piety and advocated people to strive to be as filial as Shun. Said: "Shun, people are also; Me too. Shun is the law of the world, but it can be passed on to future generations. I am (still) a countryman, but I can worry. What is there to worry about? It's just awkward. He even imagined that Shun was the son of heaven and was arrested for murder. Although Shun won't use his power to break the criminal law and pardon him, he must secretly escape from prison behind his father's back and live a carefree life together, forgetting the status of the son of heaven in order to enjoy family happiness. Due to the propaganda of Confucianism, Shun's legendary deeds have had a far-reaching impact on China's cultural traditions.
Shundi Mausoleum in Ningyuan, Hunan Province
Shun Mausoleum is a sacred place for China people to worship their ancestors and Shun. The Xia Dynasty began with the construction of the temple at Jiukui Mausoleum, moved to Guanyan in Qin and Han Dynasties, and moved to Shunyuan Peak in the early Ming Dynasty. It's in disrepair and almost deserted. In 1990s, Yongzhou City and ningyuan county City invested huge sums of money in restoration, which restored the features of Shun Di statues in Ming and Qing Dynasties. However, with the increase of tourists, the area of the mausoleum is getting narrower and narrower, and the voice of expansion is getting higher and higher. On April 14, 2004, the Hunan Provincial People's Government decided to hold a provincial-level public sacrifice ceremony with the theme of respecting ancestors' patriotism, inheriting civilization, rallying people's hearts and promoting development in the following year. On September 17 of the same year, in order to strengthen the construction and protection of Shun Di Mausoleum, Shun Di Mausoleum Foundation of Jiuyi Mountain in Hunan Province was established. In order to meet the needs of the ceremony of offering sacrifices to Shun in the whole province and tourists visiting the mausoleum, it was decided to expand the mausoleum of Shun Emperor. The foundation, the relevant provincial departments and the people's governments of cities and counties immediately set about planning and design. The planned total land area is more than 430 mu, with a total investment of more than 45 million. The expansion project will be carried out in two stages. The first phase of the project invested 26 million yuan to transform the mountain gate into a sacrificial hall, adding cloisters, turrets, stone tablets, wings and so on. , the new construction area of 4000 square meters; Three bridges of the original Yudai Bridge outside the memorial hall were merged into one bridge, and an arch bridge was built on each side. The square outside the memorial hall is 38,000 square meters, including Mashi Square15,500 square meters and Caozhuan Square of 500 square meters.
Rice; A new parking lot of thirteen thousand square meters; Build a new instrument door. On April 25, 2005, the first phase of the project was officially started. In order to ensure that the first phase of the project was completed before the ceremony of sacrificing Shun in the whole province, the project headquarters spared no effort to scientifically schedule and the project builders fought day and night. In order to solve the construction funds, fundraising was carried out throughout the province, and various cities and States generously donated money, and people from all walks of life enthusiastically donated money. On August 20th of the same year, the first phase of the project was completed. On September 15 of the same year, the ceremony of offering sacrifices to Shun in Hunan Province was successfully held in Shun Mausoleum.
Shundi Mausoleum is located in Shunling Scenic Area, which is the target cultural landscape of Jiuyi Mountain Scenic Area and Jiuyi Mountain Scenic Area. This is the oldest mausoleum in China. The mausoleum area of Shundi Mausoleum consists of Lingshan (Shunyuanfeng), Shunling Temple, Shinto and Cemetery, covering an area of more than 600 mu. The peak of Lingshan Shunyuan Mountain is small on the top and big on the bottom, showing a bucket shape, with an altitude of more than 600 mu, which is magnificent. There is a mausoleum temple at the northern foot, which sits from south to north, with a large scale, covering an area of 24,644 square meters. It is divided into two courtyards and five buildings. There are solemn mountain gates, noon gates, worship halls, main halls, sleeping halls and wing rooms in the mausoleum temple. There is a 200-meter-long Shinto outside the Mausoleum Temple.
Shunling is one of the five ancient tombs in China and the only Shundi Mausoleum in China. Shun Di's southern tour collapsed in the wilderness of Cangwu and was buried in Jiuyi Mountain. There are 36 memorial tablets in the past dynasties on the side of Lingsi memorial tablet, which is a precious historical relic and historical witness. In the mausoleum area with towering ancient trees, the stone carvings, couplets and murals on the mausoleum temple buildings are vivid and unforgettable. There are nearby Mount Ehuang, Nv Ying, Meida, Jiguan, shun feng (three-point stone), Xiaoshao, Banzhuyan, Shunchi, Shunxi, etc., all of which are related to the legend that Shun Di played Jiu Shao and the second concubine cried Banzhus.
Dashunyuan
Dashun Garden is located in Zhucheng Economic Development Zone, covering an area of 1000 mu, including 600 mu of water surface, with a total investment of 65438+92 million yuan. The main scenic spots planned in the park are Dashuntang, Shun Di Square, Shunzu Temple, Shunzi Wall Gallery, Shunmiao Temple, Ancient fengcun (Shun Di's hometown), Lishan, Celebrity Hall, Artificial Lake and Water Park. At present, Dashun Garden has invested 6 million yuan to complete the planning and design, repair roads, restore the historical features of Shungeng Lishan, and rebuild Shunmiao in the former Shun Di Temple site. Since last year, we have insisted on receiving tourists while building. * * * has received more than 500 tourist teams and more than 60,000 tourists. In particular, the opening ceremony of Shunmiao Garden held in the Spring Festival, the opening ceremony of Shunmiao Garden held on May 11month 1 1 day, and other activities attracted more people to participate and expanded the influence of Dashun Garden.
Shungeng
Located in the southwest of Shangyu City, Zhejiang Province, it is one of the main scenic spots in Caoejiang Scenic Area. Shungeng Park takes Shungeng Group Carvings, Dashun Temple, Shunshun Elephant Bridge and Jing Shun as its main attractions, which reflects that Shun Di was born in Shangyu in history and was named after avoiding Danzhu. Render Shun Di's glorious life of putting filial piety first and being diligent for the people. Shungeng Group Sculptures in the Garden were created by China artist Han Meilin. The elephant sculpture made of granite is 68 meters long and 27 meters high, with a total weight of about 800 tons.
According to legend, when Shun Di was a citizen in ancient times, he worked at the foot of Mount Li, also known as Shungeng Mountain. As for Shun Emperor Mountain, there is a legend that "plowing like a bird": Shun Di's father married his stepmother, but he was very filial despite being beaten and scolded. The stepmother gave birth to an elephant, gave birth to her sister's hands, took care of her younger brothers and sisters, herded cattle and sheep, cooked pork, pulled weeds, cooked rice, washed pots and dishes, and did all the work that could be done, but learned to do what could not be done. Although Shun is very kind to Ren Zi, he is often beaten and scolded. Shun grew up in hatred and abuse, still filial to his parents, but his stepmother tried her best to get rid of Shun. When the planned incident of brothers planting beans failed because of the greed and greed of elephants, he framed and abused Shun many times, then angered Gu Sou and finally drove Shun out of the house.
Shun, who couldn't go home, built a hut in Lishan Guishui and began to burn the ground. At the beginning of Shunchu, wild fruit was used to satisfy hunger, and it was made at sunrise and stopped at sunset. Later, there were wonders like plowing birds. It is said that Shun spent a day reclaiming wasteland in the field and rested in the field when he was tired. Suddenly I heard the hum of "straight, straight". I looked up and saw an elephant walking step by step from the opposite mountain to Lishan until it reached the place where Shun reclaimed the sea, rolled up a huge and sharp stone with its nose and began to dig hard. The elephant's power is infinite, and it planed a large area in less than an hour. Later, Xiang went to Lishan every day to help Shun dig the land. Over time, Shun established a relationship with the elephant and began to train the elephant to plow.
With the help of elephants, Shun has more arable land. After planting crops, the fields are overgrown with weeds, and a person is too busy to even care about himself. Crowds of birds appeared in the fields to help peck away weeds and pests. The story of Shun Lishan reclamation elephant helping plow birds and clouds has become an eternal story.
-Yu:
Yu, the ancient gods "Poetry" and "Book" in Western Zhou literature. According to legend, Shang and Zhou people lived and lived on the land he laid. According to "Songs of the South", both Yu and his father Gun are gods. Gun was punished for poor water control, and Yu was born from his belly. Yu succeeded in harnessing water, and Yu portrait [2] married Tu Shanshi's daughter and had children. Later, Qi became a monarch, established the Xia Dynasty, and became the God of Xia Zong. "Guoyuxia" said that because of Yu's meritorious service in water control, God rewarded him with fame and gave him the surname Si, calling him Xia, so Zheng Yu called him Xia.
Another god mentioned at the same time as Gun and Yu in Nine Questions is Gong. "* * * Gong" and "Gun" may be the differentiation of the same god name, and * * * Gong (Gun) is the head of the Chiang family. Jiang's surname was Qiang at that time, that is, Xirong (his family called itself Qiang and was called Rong). Jade is the God of Xia Zong, actually originated from the God of Glory, so it is also called "Rongyu". Qiang nationality is a branch of Kyushu army, which once moved eastward along the route of its predecessor Huangdi nationality, creating Xia culture and forming Xia nationality. Yu also changed from the ancestor of Qiang Rong to the ancestor of Xia. Xia people upgraded their ancestral gods to overwhelming gods, and Shang and Zhou dynasties also unanimously praised them. Another April clan of Qiangrong is Xia's in-laws clan, which once helped too much, and its ancestor Shen (namely * * * worker) is also respected by Xia clan. The two clansmen were placed on the same altar, because the time of death was arranged in front of Yu, so it evolved into a father-son relationship, and a touching myth was handed down.
In the literature of Autumn Image, Yu's achievement is to spread soil to control water, and added the legend of dividing Kyushu. In the literature of the Warring States period, Yu was also worshipped as a country god. In the works of Confucianism and Mohism, Yu, Yao and Shun are regarded as the three sages who practiced meditation in ancient times. Yao Dian, compiled by Confucianism, praised them greatly, calling Yu "a leveller". Another geographical masterpiece was processed into Yu Gong, as a classic to record his rule over Shuizhou. Mozi loves to publicize his water control career. Someone fabricated his efforts to control water and left home 13 years. Yu became the "Dayu" who saved the people from the flood, and was named the son of heaven by Shun Zen.
As a historical figure, Yu Can should be understood as an outstanding leader of Xia tribe who marched into the Central Plains from the northwest. Or later deified as a god; Or take his prestige in the clan as the embodiment of the original clan god and take the name of the clan god. He, Yao and Shun, the outstanding leaders of Dongnyi tribe, formed the military leaders of tribal alliance because of national integration. The era they lived in was the period from the peak to the disintegration of the tribal alliance system.