Recipient:
1. Know what you want to learn;
2. State the existing methods and their limitations;
3. Indicate the method you want to use;
4. Make clear the data to be used in the experiment;
5. Write important documents clearly;
The writing format and template of the research proposal can be found here:
research proposal . blog . 163/
Question 2: How to write the research progress plan in the opening report of graduation thesis? Academic paper is a scientific record of new scientific research achievements, innovative ideas and knowledge of an academic topic from the aspects of experiment, theory and prediction. An academic paper is also a scientific summary of the application of known principles to actual new progress, which is used to provide written documents for reading, communication, discussion, publication in academic journals or other purposes. Academic paper is an academic article that uses systematic and specialized knowledge to discuss or study a certain problem or research result, which is academic, scientific, creative and academic. According to the purpose of writing, academic papers can be divided into communicative papers and evaluative papers.
Academic papers are theoretical articles that express scientific research results after studying academic problems in a certain scientific field.
The writing of academic papers is very important, and it is an important symbol to measure a person's academic level and scientific research ability. In the writing of academic papers, topic selection and material selection are the most important issues. The value of an academic paper lies not only in the writing skills, but also in the research work itself. It depends on what topic you choose and what typical materials you choose to express the research results under this specific theme. Scientific research practice has proved that only by choosing meaningful topics can we receive better research results and write more valuable academic papers. Therefore, the topic selection and selection of academic papers is a significant step before the research work, and it is an essential preparatory work.
An academic paper is an academic article that uses systematic and specialized knowledge to discuss or study a certain problem or research result. It is academic, scientific, creative and rational.
Basic category
According to research disciplines, academic papers can be divided into natural science papers and social science papers. Each category can be divided into its own category. For example, social science papers can be subdivided into literature, history, philosophy, education, politics and other disciplines.
According to the research content, academic papers can be divided into theoretical research papers and applied research papers. Theoretical research focuses on the study of basic concepts and principles of various disciplines; Applied research focuses on how to transform the knowledge of various disciplines into professional technology and production technology, and directly serve the society.
According to the purpose of writing, academic papers can be divided into communicative papers and evaluative papers. The purpose of communicative papers is only to discuss academically among professional workers and express their own views, so as to show the new trend of the development of various disciplines; The purpose of the assessment paper is to test the academic level and become an important basis for the promotion of relevant professionals.
national standard
technical report
Scientific and technological reports describe the achievements or progress of scientific and technological research, or the results of technology development tests and evaluations; Or discuss the current situation and development of a scientific and technological problem.
The scientific and technological report is intended to be submitted to the competent scientific and technological institutions, science foundations and other organizations or persons in charge of research. Generally speaking, scientific and technological reports should provide enough information systematically or according to the working process, which can include both positive and negative results and experiences, so that relevant personnel and readers can make judgments and evaluations, and propose amendments to the conclusions and suggestions in the reports.
Academic paper
Dissertation is an academic paper that shows that the author has made creative achievements or gained new insights in scientific research, and is written with this as the content, which is used as an evaluation when applying for the corresponding degree.
The bachelor's degree thesis should show that the author has really mastered the basic theory, professional knowledge and basic skills of the subject, and has the preliminary ability to engage in scientific research or undertake professional and technical work.
Question 3: How to write the progress and plan of graduation thesis ~ ~ Please be more detailed ~ ~ Section 1 week: Determine the theme direction of the thesis and screen the topic of the thesis.
The second week: collect and browse relevant materials around the theme of the paper.
The third week: sort out the collected data, demonstrate and analyze the feasibility and practicability of the paper, determine the topic and general scope of the paper, and make the opening report.
The fourth week: integrate the existing data and construct the outline of Lundan.
Week 5-8: According to the searched data and related materials, the thesis is written in depth and carefully, and the solutions to the problems found in the thesis writing process are studied, scrutinized and integrated, and revised and improved to prepare for the mid-term inspection of the thesis.
Week 9- 13: complete the first draft of the paper, seek the opinions of the tutor, optimize the structure of the paper, polish the sentences, modify the inappropriate parts and supplement the deficiencies.
During the week of 14- 15, the paper materials were integrated and finalized, and all aspects were prepared for the final defense, so as to be familiar with the content of the paper, enhance the grasp of the content of the paper, divergent thinking and design the defense of the paper.
Week 16: thesis defense.
Question 4: How to write the graduation thesis writing plan (time schedule)? For example, if your thesis is completed within one year, divide the year into several time periods:
The first stage (starting and ending year-ending year): usually it is data collection, arrangement, determination of writing ideas, technical route, paper outline, model analysis, method application, etc.
The second stage (start-end date-end date): which parts of the paper are completed.
The third stage (start-end year-end year): which parts of the paper are completed.
The fourth stage (start date-end date): complete all the first drafts of the paper and submit them to the tutor for revision.
The fifth stage (starting and ending year-ending year): according to the revised opinions, supplement and improve the paper and submit it to the defense Committee.
These stages can be increased or decreased according to their own needs.
Question 5: How to write the work schedule and write the contents of the task book in the paper? This is the timetable in my opening report. I think this is a common phenomenon. You should change it a little.
The first stage: 2009. 1. 10-2.28, consulting a large number of documents and materials, and determining the topic of the thesis;
The second stage: March, 2009.1-3.20, according to the topic of the paper and the specific requirements of the tasks assigned by the tutor, actively do a good job in the preliminary preparation of the paper;
The third stage: March 2, 20091-4.3, completing the topic selection report. Through the topic selection report, get a general understanding of the framework and content of the paper, and with the help of the tutor, sort out the relevant information, make up the blank knowledge points, and prepare for the writing of the paper;
The fourth stage: from April 4, 2009 to April 30, 2009, under the guidance of the tutor, further analyze and sort out the materials and complete the first draft of the paper. Verify the relevant arguments in practical work to improve the practical operability of the paper, hoping that the methods and viewpoints of the paper can be applied and sublimated in practical work;
The fifth stage: May 20091June 7, 2009, discuss with the tutor, summarize and enrich the research content, and further revise the paper according to the application of the argument in practical work;
The sixth stage: June 8, 2009-June 2009 14, paper review. With the help of the instructor, fully prepare the defense and actively prepare the defense materials;
Seventh stage: June 2009,15 ―― June 2009, 2 1, College and Management Department defended.
Question 6: How to write the research methods and ideas of graduation thesis?
Before choosing a topic, you should communicate with your tutor and listen to his opinions and suggestions.
When choosing a topic, we should fully consider the research foundation, research ability and research interest. The selected research topic should generally have the following characteristics: First, it is important. The topic of the thesis should have theoretical and practical significance, and it must be an unsolved or completely solved problem, that is, it can solve theoretical problems, promote the development of disciplines and generate various benefits from practical problems. Such a question certainly has theoretical and practical significance. The second is innovation. The topic of the paper should be the new problems caused by social and economic development and environmental changes, as well as the unsolved problems of predecessors, which can promote theoretical innovation, method innovation and application innovation. Therefore, the topic of this paper can be to improve or innovate theories and methods, or to expand the application research fields of existing theories. Third, it is academic. The problem discussed in this paper must be academic, which has academic significance and value.
Fourth, it is feasible. The topic selection of the paper requires scientific topic setting, exploration, conformity with the development trend, certain width, decomposition, step by step and in-depth research. It is very important to draw up a specific topic after the direction of topic selection is determined. The topic of the paper is the eye of the article, which can be described as "the first sentence of a thousand words". When drafting the topic, we should do the following as much as possible: First, we should reflect professionalism and meet the academic requirements and norms of this discipline. Second, we should have problem awareness and pertinence, and we can see the core issues of the paper research from the topic expression. Third, the topic size should be moderate and the expression should be concise and unambiguous. Generally speaking, the expression of middle school students is adopted, and the title is relative. The number of words is generally around 25 words, and it is best not to exceed 30 words. 2. Literature selection and reading Select the literature around the research direction or keywords, and the selected literature should be as authoritative and cutting-edge as possible, especially the similar research literature in the past five years, and try to "catch the whole thing". At the same time, the documents are arranged in strict accordance with the document description format and the source of the documents is marked. After selecting the literature, we should read it carefully and get familiar with the latest research results of mainstream journals at home and abroad in this research field through reading the literature. In the process of reading literature, we should pay special attention to four problems. 1. What is the scientific problem studied in this paper? Does it matter? Why is it important? Second, what research methods are used in this paper? Are these research methods enough to solve the scientific problems raised? Third, is there any innovative idea in the paper? Are new research methods used? Fourth, has the paper produced any new conclusions or concepts? Can the data in the paper support these conclusions or concepts? On this basis, I try to sort out a systematic literature review and publish it in professional journals at home and abroad, so as to achieve various purposes such as "being more familiar with cutting-edge research, effectively improving writing ability and forming materialized results". At the same time, by reading more documents, we can learn other people's writing skills and refine language vocabulary. Literature reading generally includes intensive reading (basic literature and classic literature) and extensive reading (knowledge points and interdisciplinary literature). Intensive reading, explanation, comment and analysis should be carried out on key documents and classic documents. 3. The research content and outline are the first, which is related to the major. This is the basic requirement of topic selection and writing of graduate thesis, and it is also the basic premise of passing graduation defense. Second, it is related to interest. The topic of the paper should be related to both sides' interests and future development. "The title is lifelong glory." If you engage in academic research in the future, you should choose a long-term research field, do it deeply and persistently, and gradually cultivate your interest in research issues. Third, appropriate interdisciplinary research. Using the theories or methods of other related disciplines to study the problems of this discipline can often produce new research ideas and conclusions, which not only embodies innovation, but also opens up new research fields. Therefore, during the postgraduate entrance examination, we should pay attention to academic exchanges, consult colleagues from different majors, and be good at thinking and studying problems from multiple angles. 4. Research ideas and methods Before writing the opening report and paper, you should fully consult and study the relevant authoritative literature at home and abroad, and put forward new research ideas and methods as far as possible for the research object. In fact, any theoretical innovation is ultimately a method innovation. For the research methods of economics, management, sociology and other disciplines, we should combine qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis, normative analysis with empirical analysis as far as possible, and use some basic concepts and theoretical viewpoints to make qualitative and normative analysis of the problems to be studied, so as to determine the connotation and extension, characteristics and essence of the research object. On this basis, with the help of mathematical tools, the ... >; & gt
Question 7: How to write 1 for the research goal or expected purpose of the paper? Make readers have a general understanding of the content and structure of the full text before reading the paper, so that readers can decide whether to read it, whether to read it intensively or skim it.
2. It is convenient for readers to choose a sub-argument in the text. A long paper has many sub-arguments besides the central argument. When readers need to know more about a sub-argument, they can rely on the table of contents to save time.
The table of contents is usually placed in front of the text of the paper, so it is the guide map of the paper. In order to make the table of contents really play the role of guide map, we must pay attention to:
1. Exactly. The content must be consistent with the outline of the full text. In other words, the title, subtitle and content of this paper are one-to-one correspondence.
2. Clear and correct. The table of contents should be marked with the page number of the table of contents one by one in the text. Page numbers must be clear and correct.
3. complete. Because the table of contents is the guide map of the paper, it must be complete. In other words, all the contents of the article should be reflected in the catalogue and must not be omitted.
Question 8: How to write research ideas, research methods, technical routes and implementation steps for the research methods in graduation thesis?
1, learn what? -How to determine the research topic?
All scientific research begins with problems-problems are topics; Teaching is research (mastering methods is very important, otherwise it is not research); Progress and achievement are growth.
Educational research topics mainly come from two aspects:
A source of practice-objective or potential practical problems in education and problems existing in education and teaching practice itself.
The contradiction between education and teaching and the outside (teachers and parents, teachers and schools, schools and society, education and social development).
B theoretical sources-problems revealed by existing educational theories and gaps and contradictions in the theoretical system (for example, the process of the article "Cold Thinking on the Integration of Information Technology and Curriculum").
2. How to demonstrate the research topic?
Since you have chosen a subject, you should know all about it. Understand the research status of this topic at home and abroad, including the achievements and existing problems, and understand the theoretical system to which this topic belongs. A comprehensive understanding of the subject can make us take fewer detours in the research process and establish the main direction of research. This is what we often say: "Know yourself and know yourself, and you will win every battle."
How to demonstrate a topic? The demonstration of a subject is mainly to clarify the following questions:
A. What is the nature and type of the problem to be studied?
B. what is the practical significance of the problem to be studied? Its theoretical value (that is, what breakthroughs are expected in theory? )
C. what research results have been achieved on the issues to be studied? What is the research direction?
D. analyze the conditions of the studied problem.
E. What are the research strategies and steps?
F. What are the results of the study and their manifestations?
3, the basic methods of educational research are:
(1) observation method (2) investigation method (3) test method (4) action research method (5) literature method (6) experience summary method (7) case study method (8) case study method.
⑼ Experimental method (in the research process of a subject, more than two methods are often used according to different research purposes and requirements).
3. 1 observation: in order to know the truth, we can find the essence and law of a phenomenon.
Steps of observation method: the implementation of observation method is divided into the following three steps, one of which is the design of observation research, which can be divided into the following aspects:
3. 1. 1 for general investigation and exploratory observation.
The purpose of this step is not to collect materials, but to grasp the basic situation so as to plan the whole observation process correctly. For example, to observe a teacher's teaching work, we should go to school in advance to learn about the teacher's work, students' situation, relevant environment and conditions, and so on. This can be done by talking with teachers and school leaders and consulting some related materials, such as teaching plans, teaching diaries, students' homework and lectures.
3. 1.2 Determine the purpose and center of observation.
According to the characteristics of the research task and research object, what problems should be considered, what materials and conditions are needed, and then make clear provisions. If this provision is not clear, observation cannot be concentrated and the result cannot be in-depth. Don't have a few observation centers, and don't have a wide range. All observations should be made around a center. If you have to observe several centers, then observe them in groups and cooperate with each other.
3. 1.3 Determine the observation object
First, determine the overall scope to be observed;
The second is to determine the case object to be observed;
The third is to determine the specific items to be observed.
For example, in our spare time, we want to study the business and culture of the graduates of secondary normal schools or junior colleges newly assigned to teach in primary schools, so the overall observation is the new teachers who have worked for one or two years. Within this overall scope, we will decide which primary schools to observe and which teachers in which teaching and research groups to observe. After the specific observation list is determined, the time, place and specific observation items to be observed shall be determined.
3. 1.4 Make an observation plan
In addition to defining the purpose, center and scope of observation, as well as what problems to understand and what data to collect, the observation plan should also arrange the observation process: observation times, density, duration of each observation, and how to ensure the normality of observation phenomena.
3. 1.5 planning and preparing observation means
Observation means generally include two kinds:
One is to get >>
Question 9: How to write the research significance of graduation thesis? The opening report mainly includes the following aspects:
(A) the name of the paper
The name of the paper is the name of the subject.
First, the name should be accurate and standardized. Accuracy means that the title of the paper should clearly explain what the problem is and what the research object is. The name of the paper must be consistent with the content of the study, neither too big nor too small, and you should accurately summarize your research objects and problems.
Second, the name should be concise, not too long. Whether it is a paper or a topic, the name should not be too long. Try not to use words if you can, generally no more than 20 words.
(2) The purpose and significance of the research.
The purpose and significance of research is why we should study and study its value. This can generally be based on the actual needs, pointing out that there is this problem in reality, which needs to be studied and solved, and what practical role this research has, and then writing the theoretical and academic value of the paper. These should be written more specifically and pertinently, and we should not shout slogans aimlessly. The main contents include: (1) the relevant background of the study (the proposal of the subject): that is, what is the basis and inspiration of this study. ⑵ By analyzing the local (school) education and teaching practice, point out why we should study this topic, the value of the research and the problems to be solved.
(3) The history and present situation of this thesis at home and abroad (literature review).
It should be standardized, and minor items can be omitted. Generally, it includes: mastering the breadth, depth and achievements of its research; Look for the problems that need further study, so as to determine the research platform (starting point), research characteristics or breakthrough point of this topic.
(D) The guiding ideology of the thesis research
The guiding ideology is what direction should be adhered to and what requirements should be met on a macro level. This direction or requirement can be philosophy, political theory, educational development planning, and guiding opinions on research issues.
(E) the goal of writing a thesis
The goal of thesis writing is the specific goal to be achieved at the end of the project, and what specific problems to be solved is the predetermined goal of this thesis: namely, the goal orientation of this thesis writing, the goal should be closely related to the project, and the words should be accurate, concise and clear.
Common problems are: not writing research objectives; The target deduction is not strict; The target word is inaccurate; The goal is set too high, and the predetermined goal has not been studied or can not be studied.
When determining the goal of thesis writing, on the one hand, we should consider the requirements of the subject itself, on the other hand, we should examine the actual working conditions and work level.
(6) The basic content of the paper.
The research content should be more specific and clear. And a goal may be achieved through several aspects of research, which are not necessarily one-to-one correspondence. When determining the research content, people often don't consider it very specifically. The research content of writing is particularly general and vague, and the purpose and significance of writing are taken as the research content.
The basic contents generally include: (1) the definition of the topic of the paper. Three points should be clarified as far as possible: research object, research problem and research method. ⑵ Definition of theories, nouns, terms and concepts related to this writing.
(7) Writing methods of papers
Specific writing methods can be selected from the following methods: observation, investigation, experiment, experience summary, case study, comparative study, literature and so on.
(eight) the steps of thesis writing
The steps of thesis writing are also the arrangement of the time and order of thesis writing. The steps of writing a thesis should fully consider the relationship and difficulty of the research content. Generally speaking, it starts with the basic problems and is carried out in stages. When each stage starts and ends, there must be rules. The main steps and time schedule of the study include: what stages are the whole study divided into; I hope I can help you with the start and end time of each stage. Master's opening report and thesis writing are our specialties, and our service features: supporting Alipay transactions and ensuring the safety of your funds. Three service modes and multiple reviews of articles ensure the quality of articles. Attached is a plagiarism detection report for your safe use. Infinite revisions, even the teacher who is making things difficult can pass.
1. Title: accurate, concise, eye-catching and novel.
2. Table of Contents: A table of contents is a brief list of main paragraphs in a paper. (Essays don't need to be listed in the table of contents)
3. Abstract: It is an excerpt from the main content of the article, which requires short and pithy content. The number of words can be as few as dozens, and it is advisable not to exceed 300 words.
4. Keywords or subject words: keywords are selected from the title, abstract and text of the paper, and are words with substantive significance to express the central content of the paper. Keys ... >>