According to different liquidity, liability accounts can be further divided into current liability accounts and long-term liability accounts. Current liability accounts mainly include: short-term loans, accounts payable, wages payable, taxes payable, accrued expenses, etc. The subjects of long-term debt ratio mainly include: long-term loans, bonds payable and long-term payables. Accounts are divided into two directions: the left (the bookkeeping symbol is "debit") and the right (the bookkeeping symbol is "credit"). One party's registration increases and the other party's registration decreases. As for which party to increase the registration and which party to decrease the registration, it depends on the nature of the recorded economic business and account number and the accounting method adopted. If the registration is increased on the left, the registration is decreased on the friendly side, and the balance is reflected on the left; If the increase is recorded on the right, the decrease is recorded on the left, and the balance is reflected on the right. The increase of debit registration and the decrease of credit registration in asset, cost and expense accounts; Liabilities, owner's equity, debit registration decreased, and credit registration increased income subjects.
Question 2: What are the types of asset classes? If you don't know where to start, it's like groping in the dark to realize the correct asset allocation. This will help you determine a reasonable asset allocation. But first, let's look at different types of asset classes. The asset categories are: 1. Whatever the name of the cash, don't hide this part of the money under your pillow! Cash investment includes high-interest savings and money market accounts-it won't give you much money, but it is guaranteed and may increase with inflation. 2. Fixed income Most of these investments are interest-bearing and sometimes guaranteed (literally, "cash" is also a fixed-income investment). Usually, fixed-income investments will not get sudden returns, but the probability of investment losses is also great. Including bonds, time deposits and even real estate derivatives. Stocks can be divided into domestic and international categories. All stocks are invested in the stock market. Of course, all stocks are not equal. This is where financial advisers (or a lot of investigations) are needed to distinguish the risk levels in stock investment and reduce unnecessary risks. Although stocks have achieved the highest long-term returns in all asset classes, they will still experience the shortest ups and downs. Large-cap stocks or active stocks refer to large stable companies with good long-term history and fairly stable income. Medium-sized stocks include companies with small scale or short history, but they are still widely recognized. Small-cap stocks are usually riskier investments-newly established companies or small companies in markets that are less concerned. You think it is reasonable that the higher the risk, the higher the potential return. Domestic stocks are usually safer than international stocks, because investing in international stocks brings you a new risk-currency risk. Your investment abroad is very successful, but if the domestic monetary income is relatively stable in the same period, it is actually a loss as a whole. 4. Sector investment Sector investment refers to very professional stocks. They include the riskiest (and possibly the most profitable) and should be limited to any portfolio. These stocks include natural resources or technology.
Question 3: Are other receivables assets or what? It is an asset class subject.
It is also a current asset.
Question 4: Whether it belongs to assets or liabilities can be judged according to the balance direction of current account at the end of the period.
Question 5: What are the specifications and types of fixed assets? The types of fixed assets are classified by reference, which can be roughly divided into the following categories: 1. Houses and buildings Office equipment. Special equipment 4. Transportation equipment. Machines and equipment. Other fixed assets.
The specifications of fixed assets also depend on the product model.
For reference.
Question 6: According to different economic nature, briefly describe four types of state-owned assets in China. State-owned assets can be divided into operating state-owned assets, non-operating state-owned assets and resource state-owned assets. Operating state-owned assets refer to state-owned assets invested in the production and operation activities of enterprises and other economic organizations; Non-operating state-owned assets are state-owned assets used by state administrative organs and non-enterprises and institutions for social administration and economic management; Resource-based state-owned assets refer to natural elements such as land, mineral deposits, rivers, forests and marine resources, which are owned by the state, exist in nature, have a direct impact on social and economic development, and are being developed and used by people.
Question 7: The excess property loss to be handled is either an asset account or a double-entry account. What account is it? Thank you. Double entry accounts are also correct, because they belong to asset accounts before approval and profit and loss accounts after approval. Its essence should belong to the category of profit and loss.
Question 8: What are the main types of asset allocation? Who are the top three people in asset allocation?
1. Gross Asset Allocation: markowitz Mean Variance Model (1990 Nobel Prize in Economics)
The earliest model only considered three dimensions of variables: the expected rate of return of assets, the expected volatility and the correlation between assets.
We know that rational investors always hope that the higher the return on assets, the better, and the smaller the risk, the better. In other words, we always want to maximize the expected rate of return under certain risks, or minimize the risks under certain expected rates of return. Markowitz and William Sharp won the Nobel Prize in Economics for this idea.
In fact, this logic is easy to realize in mathematics. We measure the performance of assets by the ratio of return on assets divided by risk. Sharpby, Tereno and Sotheby's all used this idea. For a basket of stocks or a basket of large-scale assets, we only need to give different weights to assets, establish an asset portfolio, calculate the return, risk and return-risk ratio of the asset portfolio, then repeat the previous steps (for example, 10000 times), give different weights to assets again, calculate the return-risk ratio of the asset portfolio, and finally compare the value of the return-risk ratio of 10000 times.
For example, the classic stock-debt model derived from this is a classic combination of 60% stocks and 40% bonds. Although this combination disperses some risks, because there are only two types of assets, the risk reduction is far from enough. Especially with the development of dazzling financial investment products, the classic stock-debt model has been missing.
Second, the asset allocation "Taizong" ―― Svencen's Yale model (Yale University Endowment Fund Manager)
Since David Svencen became the endowment fund manager of Yale University in 1985, the annualized income of 12.8% has only been lost once in 2009 for more than 30 years, which is a miraculous record! The hardest thing about investing is not how much money you earn, but how to keep making money without losing money. This also directly illustrates the importance of asset allocation to sustained and stable income.
Therefore, the market value of Yale University Endowment Fund has increased by 1 1 times in 30 years, from nearly $2 billion in 1985 to $23.895 billion in 20 14 years.
The Yale model invests assets in some less relevant assets. This model is one of the most outstanding representatives of multi-asset investment and modern portfolio theory. It uses the concept of mean variance of markowitz model to allocate assets with low correlation, so as to spread risks and reduce volatility.
Marginalize the two core investment products of US debt and US stocks, increase the diversified allocation of real estate, oil and gas forests and mines, PE equity and hedge funds, adhere to long-term investment and regular adjustment, maximize risk dispersion and steadily increase value.
Third, the asset allocation "Gao Zong"-Dario all-weather model (founder of Bridgewater, the world's largest hedge fund)
The American financial era is indeed the place where many people were born. Bridgewater founded by Dario has replaced Soros as the largest hedge fund in the world. In the past 10 years, the assets under management grew at an annual rate of 25%, and now it manages about12 billion US dollars. Qiaoshui's Daily Observation is a must-read for senior executives of major central banks and pension fund managers around the world.
The biggest difference between Dario's "all-weather asset allocation model" and the first two is that it is difficult to calculate the rate of return of an asset, but the risk is relatively easy to calculate. Therefore, when allocating various assets, we pay more attention to the risk measurement behind it.
"All-weather Fund" (Green Line) portfolio income fluctuates little, and its risk is only one-third of that of the stock market while obtaining the same cumulative income as that of the stock market. It can be simply understood as: from Shanghai to Beijing, the high-speed rail starts on time and arrives on time, which is worry-free; The plane is really fast, but it will be late from time to time, and the arrival time of takeoff is uncertain. Frequent trips to and from the two places, and finally found that the high-speed rail saves time and worry.
(Information from Broadcom Investment Guan Wei)
Question 9: The main type of asset allocation-buy-and-hold strategy means that after determining an appropriate asset allocation ratio and building a certain investment portfolio, the asset allocation status will not be changed and the portfolio will be maintained within a suitable holding period, such as 3-5 years. Buy-and-hold strategy is a negative long-term rebalancing method, which is suitable for investors with long-term planning level and satisfied with strategic asset allocation. Buy-and-hold strategy is suitable for the state where the capital market environment and investors' preferences have not changed much, or the cost of changing the asset allocation status is greater than the income. Constant mixing strategy refers to maintaining a fixed proportion of various assets in the portfolio. Constant mixed strategy assumes that the return on assets and investors' preferences have not changed much, so the allocation ratio of the optimal portfolio remains unchanged. Constant mixed strategy is suitable for investors with stable risk tolerance. If the stock market price is fluctuating, the constant mixing strategy may be better than the buy-and-hold strategy. Portfolio insurance strategy is a dynamic adjustment strategy, in which some funds are invested in risk-free assets to ensure the lowest value of the portfolio, and the rest are invested in risk assets, and the ratio of risk assets to risk-free assets is adjusted with the changes of the market, while the appreciation potential of assets is not given up. When the portfolio value rises due to the increase of the return rate of risky assets, the investment proportion of risky assets also increases; On the contrary, it will fall. Therefore, when the rate of return on risky assets rises, the investment proportion of risky assets will rise. If the rate of return on risky assets continues to rise, the portfolio insurance strategy will achieve better results than the buyer's holding strategy. However, if the return turns to decline, the result of portfolio insurance strategy will be more affected by the increase in the proportion of risky assets, which is worse than that of buy-and-hold strategy. Dynamic asset allocation is an active strategy to dynamically adjust the state of asset allocation according to the capital market environment and economic conditions, thus increasing the value of portfolio. Most dynamic asset allocation generally has the following characteristics: (1) An objective quantitative process based on some analytical tools. These analysis tools include regression analysis or optimization decision. (2) Asset allocation is mainly driven by the objective measurement of the expected rate of return of an asset class, so it belongs to a value-oriented process. Possible driving factors include calculating the expected return of stocks according to the cash income and yield to maturity of long-term bonds, or evaluating the change of actual return of stocks according to the dividend discount model in the stock market. (3) Asset allocation rules can objectively measure which asset class has lost the attention of the market and guide investors to enter the asset class that has not been paid attention to. (4) Asset allocation generally follows the principle of "regression equilibrium", which is the main profit mechanism in dynamic asset allocation. Similarities and differences among buy-and-hold strategy, constant mixed strategy and portfolio insurance strategy The above three asset allocation strategies are active management based on investors' different risk tolerance, with different characteristics and different performances in different market environment changes. At the same time, they put forward different market liquidity requirements for implementing this strategy (see the table below). It is embodied in the following three aspects: asset allocation strategy, action direction when the market changes, payment method, favorable market liquidity required by market environment, buy-and-hold strategy, inaction, linear bull market, small constant mixed strategy, buy-down, buy-up, sell-down, variable volatility, large and medium-sized portfolio insurance strategy, sell-down, buy-up and strong trend.
Question 10: What is the essence of derivative call options? Assets or liabilities? This account is a similar account, and the borrower is an asset. Debit from an asset account indicates an increase in assets. If it is a credit balance, it means a liability. Because it is a liability, it shows that the lender's debt has increased.