1. Institutions that provide official development assistance.

1) Specialized agencies set up by the government, such as the U.S. Department of State’s Agency for International Development (USAID) has the Bureau of Private Enterprise,

The Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) has the Department of Industrial Cooperation wait. 2) Special official assistance foundations, such as the Belgian Development Cooperation Foundation (FCD), the Swedish Industrial Cooperation Foundation for Developing Countries (SWEDFUND), the Danish Treasury for the Promotion of Industrialization in Developing Countries (1FC), and the Finnish Industrial Development Cooperation Foundation. (FINNFUND), French Aid and Cooperation Foundation (FAC), etc.

3) Official investment and development companies or institutions that also have assistance functions, such as the German Investment Finance Corporation for Developing Countries (DEF), are the main players in the government’s implementation of the “Loan to Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in Developing Countries” assistance plan. Institutions, the Overseas Private Investment Finance Corporation (OPIC) and the Private Direct Investment Treasury of the United States; the Commonwealth Development Cooperation Corporation (CDC) of the United Kingdom; the Central Bank for Economic Cooperation (CCCE) and the Foreign Industrial Development Credit (DIE) of France; Japan's import and export Banks, Overseas Economic Cooperation Fund (OECD) and Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), etc.

4) Multilateral aid agencies are mainly international economic and international financial organizations, such as the World Bank Group, the Asian Development Bank, the United Nations Fund for Agricultural Development, the European Development Fund of the European Union, the Arab Economic and Social Development Fund, etc.

2. An international organization that discusses aid issues.

Mainly refers to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (whose member states are close to the IMF, etc.), the Development Assistance Committee of the OECD, etc. The latter is composed of members from 18 Executive Committee countries (Britain, the United States, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, Norway, Austria, Finland, Sweden, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Canada, and Ireland) and the European Commission.