1990 project started, and the human genome was sequenced in 2003. The Human Genome Project (HGP) is a large-scale, transnational and interdisciplinary scientific exploration project. Its purpose is to determine the nucleotide sequence of 3 billion base pairs contained in human chromosome (haploid), so as to draw the human genome map, identify the genes and their sequences contained in it, and achieve the ultimate goal of deciphering human genetic information.
The strategies, ideas and technologies established by the "Human Genome Project" in the process of studying human beings constitute a new discipline in the field of life sciences-genomics, which can be used to study microorganisms, plants and other animals. The Human Genome Project, the Manhattan Atomic Bomb Project and the Apollo Project are also called the three major scientific projects, which is another great project in the history of human science and known as the "moon landing project" of life science.
The Human Genome Project was first proposed by American scientists in 1985, and was officially launched in 1990. Scientists from the United States, Britain, France, Germany, Japan and China participated in this human genome project with a budget of $3 billion. According to this plan, in 2005, all the codes of about 25,000 genes in the human body will be unlocked, and at the same time, the human gene map will be drawn.
The significance of the human genome project is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
1 promotes our understanding of the human genome and helps us understand the knowledge of basic biology and disease pathogenesis.
2. It provides a basis for developing new medical and drug treatment methods, which is helpful to improve medical level and reduce medical expenses.
3. It promotes the development of biotechnology, life science and informatics, and lays a foundation for future gene therapy and personalized medical care.
4. It is helpful to understand the knowledge of human evolution and population origin, and further promote the development of anthropology, archaeology and human evolution research.
5. The discussion of ethical and legal issues has been initiated, which is helpful to promote the establishment of ethical norms and laws and regulations in gene research and application.