Leaders, heads of government, officials and other representatives attending the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen: In order to ultimately achieve the goals of the conference stated in paragraph 2 of this Agreement, guided by the principles and vision of the conference, consider

With regard to the results of the work of the two special working groups, we agree with the special working group’s resolution x/CP.15 on long-term cooperative actions, and continue to comply with the requirements of the special working group’s resolution x/CMP.5 to fulfill the obligations listed in Appendix I of the Kyoto Protocol.

obligations of all parties.

We agree to the Copenhagen Accord and will start implementing it immediately.

1. We emphasize that climate change is one of the most significant challenges we face today.

We emphasize the strong political will to combat climate change and the principle of "similar but differentiated responsibilities".

In order to ultimately achieve the final goal of the conference, stabilize the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and prevent the global climate from continuing to worsen, we must recognize the scientific point of view that the global climate increase should not exceed 2 degrees Celsius, on the basis of fair and sustainable development.

, strengthen long-term cooperation to combat climate change.

We recognize the significant impacts of climate change and the potential impact on response measures in some countries that are particularly affected, and stress the importance of establishing a comprehensive response plan and garnering international support.

2. We agree that from a scientific perspective, global carbon emissions must be significantly reduced, and we should control global temperature rise below 2 degrees Celsius in accordance with the vision stated in the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report, and take action on an equitable basis to

To achieve the above goals based on scientific research.

We should work together to achieve global and national carbon emission peaks as soon as possible. We recognize that the time frame for developing countries to peak carbon emissions may be longer, and believe that social and economic development and poverty eradication remain top priorities for developing countries.

and more important goals, but low-carbon emission development strategies are essential for sustainable development.

3. All countries face the negative impacts of climate change and should support and implement actions aimed at reducing the vulnerability of developing countries and strengthening their response capabilities, especially the least developed countries and small island developing countries, as well as those in Africa.

We believe that developed countries should provide sufficient, predictable and sustained financial resources, technology and experience to support developing countries in implementing measures to combat climate change.

4. Each Annex I Party will submit 2020 emission targets quantified at the economic level to the Secretariat before January 31, 2010, and commit to implement these targets individually or jointly.

The format of these goals is shown in Appendix I.

Among Appendix I countries, those that are parties to the Kyoto Protocol will further strengthen the carbon emission reductions proposed by the Protocol.

Measurement, reporting and verification of carbon emissions reductions and financial assistance from developed countries will be carried out in accordance with existing or any further guidelines adopted by the Conference of the Parties, and will ensure that the calculation of these targets and financing is rigorous, robust and transparent

of.

5. Non-Annex I Parties will implement measures to mitigate climate change in the context of sustainable development in accordance with Article 4, paragraph 1, and Article 4, paragraph 7, including by January 31, 2010, in accordance with the measures listed in Appendix II.

Format for submission to the Secretariat.

The least developed countries and small island developing States can take voluntary action with support.

Emission reduction measures taken and planned by non-Annex I Parties shall be communicated every two years through inter-country communications in accordance with Article 12, paragraph 1(b), and subject to the guidelines adopted by the Conference of the Parties.

These emission reduction measures communicated between countries or reported to the Secretariat will be added to the list in Appendix II.

Emission reduction measures taken by non-Annex I Parties will need to be measured, reported and reviewed domestically with results reported every two years through inter-country communications.

Non-Annex I Parties will prepare for international meetings and analyzes by exchanging information on the implementation of their emission reduction measures through inter-country communications, in accordance with clearly defined guidelines that will ensure respect for national sovereignty.

Appropriate national emission reduction measures seeking international support will be registered together with relevant technical and capacity support.

Those measures that receive support will be added to the list in Appendix II.

These supported and appropriate national emission reduction measures will be subject to international measurement, reporting and review in accordance with guidelines adopted by the Conference of the Parties.

6. We recognize that it is critical to reduce carbon emissions from deforestation and forest degradation and that we need to increase the removal of greenhouse gases from forests. We believe that it is necessary to provide for this through the immediate establishment of mechanisms, including REDD+.

Such measures provide positive incentives to promote the flow of aid funds provided by developed countries.

7. We decide to adopt various methods, including the use of carbon trading market opportunities, to improve the cost-effectiveness of emission reduction measures and promote the implementation of emission reduction measures; incentives should be provided to developing countries to promote low-emission development in developing countries

strategy.

8. Subject to the relevant provisions of the General Assembly, more, new, additional, predictable and sufficient funds should be provided to developing countries and should be made easier for developing countries to obtain funds to support developing countries.

Take measures to slow down climate change, including providing substantial funds to reduce carbon emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+), supporting technology development and transfer, and improving emission reduction capabilities, thereby improving the implementation of the agreement.