Fund classification:
(1) According to whether the scale can be changed and the transaction mode, it can be divided into closed-end funds and open-end funds. Open-end funds are also called * * * mutual funds abroad, which are isomorphic with closed-end funds and form two basic modes of fund operation. Closed-end funds have a fixed duration, and the fund size is fixed during the duration. Generally listed on the stock exchange, investors buy and sell fund shares through the secondary market. Open-end fund refers to the operation mode that the fund scale is not fixed and the fund unit can sell it to investors at any time or buy it back at the request of investors.
(2) According to different investors, it can be divided into four categories: stock funds, bond funds, money market funds and derivative securities funds. Equity funds mainly invest in listed stocks; Bond funds mainly invest in fixed-income securities such as government bonds and corporate bonds; Money market funds mainly invest in short-term treasury bonds, bank bills, commercial bills and other money market instruments; Derivatives funds mainly invest in financial derivatives such as futures and options.
(3) According to different investment methods, it can be divided into active investment funds and passive investment funds. Active investment funds actively invest in order to obtain excess returns beyond the performance comparison benchmark; Passive investment fund, also known as index fund, refers to passively tracking a market index to obtain the average market return.
(4) Equity funds can be divided into large-cap stocks, medium-cap stocks and small-cap stocks according to the scale of the investment objects. These three types of funds have different classification standards in different markets. In the American market, large-cap funds mainly invest in listed companies with a total market value of more than $5 billion; Mid-cap equity funds mainly invest in listed companies, with a total market value of 65.438+0-500 million US dollars; Small-cap stock funds mainly invest in listed companies with a total market value of less than $654.38+0 billion. In the domestic securities market, there is a general classification method. The definitions of large-cap stocks, medium-cap stocks and small-cap stocks are: the stocks are sorted according to the circulating market value, and the top 30% of the accumulated circulating market value are large-cap stocks; 40% of the stocks with the middle cumulative circulating market value are mid-cap stocks; After the accumulated circulating market value, 30% of the stocks are small-cap stocks.
What is each used for?