By the beginning of 1997, 68 countries and regions in the world had established unemployment insurance systems. Among them: Albania, Armenia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, Czech Republic, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Belarus and Algeria < P > By the beginning of 1997, 68 countries and regions in the world had established unemployment insurance systems. Among them: Albania, Armenia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, Czech Republic, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Belarus, Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Barbados, Brazil, Canada and Chile. Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Iran, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Malta, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovenia, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Turkmenistan, Tunisia, Switzerland, Ukraine, Britain, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, United States, Uzbekistan.

France first established the unemployment insurance system in 195. Then, Norway and Denmark established unemployment insurance systems similar to those in France in 196 and 197 respectively. At that time, these countries implemented an incomplete compulsory unemployment insurance system, that is, whether people within the scope determined by law participated in unemployment insurance depended on their own wishes. To participate in insurance, they must be managed according to the unemployment insurance laws, including assuming certain obligations and enjoying corresponding rights. In 1911, Britain promulgated the National Insurance Law, which initiated the compulsory unemployment insurance system, and was followed by some countries, forming the mainstream of the world unemployment insurance system. By the beginning of 1997, 68 countries and regions in the world had established unemployment insurance systems, most of which implemented compulsory insurance, and the scope of voluntary insurance was limited to industries where trade unions had established unemployment insurance funds. In terms of the source of funds, it is generally the same as other types of social insurance, usually shared equally by employees and employers, and some countries stipulate that all insurance premiums should be paid by employers. Government subsidies for both compulsory and voluntary insurance are large. In terms of the conditions for enjoying treatment, it is generally stipulated that: involuntary unemployment; Pay insurance premiums for a certain period of time or work in the insured occupation for a certain number of years; Applicants have the ability to work and are willing to look for a job. In addition, for those who voluntarily leave their jobs without justifiable reasons, who are dismissed due to misconduct, or who stop production due to labor disputes, it is generally stipulated to cancel their eligibility or lower the payment standard, and some even postpone the payment time. Unemployment benefits are usually paid on a weekly basis, and the standard is a certain percentage of the average salary in the recent period. Most countries calculate the replacement rate of unemployment benefits as 4-75% of the average income. Some countries pay equal subsidies. If the unemployed are married, in addition to the basic subsidy, they will also be given a certain subsidy to their spouses and children. There is usually a waiting period of several days before paying unemployment benefits. In most countries, there are certain restrictions on the time for receiving unemployment benefits continuously. Generally, it is 8-36 weeks, which can be extended appropriately in some cases. In addition, some countries decide the enjoyment period according to the payment period or the time of enrollment. In some countries, in addition to formal unemployment insurance, unemployment assistance or other benefits conditional on the family economic status of unemployed people are also provided as a supplement. In this way, the unemployed can continue to receive some assistance if their income is below a certain level after the subsidy expires. In terms of management system, most countries are managed by government departments, and some are managed by autonomous institutions, which are generally composed of representatives of the insured, employers and the government. There is always a close administrative link between unemployment insurance and employment service. Some countries have combined unemployment insurance and employment services, especially at the grass-roots level, in order to promote the reemployment of unemployed people as soon as possible.