1 Social security coverage is not wide enough. Social security coverage is still narrow, and urban and rural development is uneven.

2. It is difficult to raise social security funds. There is a serious empty account of social insurance, and the contradiction of implicit debt is prominent. China's social security was established in the process of system transition, which not only promoted the stable development of economy and society, but also assumed huge transition costs and formed a large-scale pension insurance debt. The social insurance fund can't make ends meet, and the payment crisis is gradually emerging. The narrow coverage of social security restricts the scope of fund collection.

Multi-head management and decentralization. At present, China's social security management system still has the problems of decentralized management and multiple policies, which fails to form a unified management system. For example, old-age security, state-owned enterprise employees are responsible by the labor and social security departments, civil servants by the personnel department, and poor groups by the civil affairs department. Multi-head management is serious. Because many institutions have the function of social insurance, it is easy to lead to the situation of multi-head management and compartmentalization, which not only lacks macro coordination and comprehensive balance, but also increases the management cost and hinders the process of social security reform. At the same time, the degree of socialization of social security is low, social security matters have been managed by government departments, and the collection and operation of social security funds are the responsibility of government departments, which are far from acting according to economic laws and have not yet implemented real socialized management. In addition, the basic management level of social security is backward and the statistical data is false, which is easy to lead to decision-making mistakes.

The aging population has a great influence on the social security system.

5. The legitimacy of social security is not strong. The social security system is an important part of the national social and economic system, which must be regulated by a set of laws and regulations, and all kinds of relations involved in social security must be adjusted by law. China's social security legal system is not perfect, and it lacks administration according to law and effective supervision mechanism.