Medical, pension, maternity, work-related injury and unemployment insurance, and housing accumulation fund

The specific social security composition ratio is:

Old-age insurance: the unit pays 21% for you every month, and you pay 8% yourself;

medical insurance: the unit pays 9% for you every month, and you pay 2% plus 1 yuan for serious illness co-ordination (serious illness co-ordination mainly covers hospitalization);

unemployment insurance: the company pays 2% for you every month, and you pay 1% yourself;

industrial injury insurance: the company pays .5% for you every month, and you don't have to pay any money yourself;

maternity insurance: the company pays .8% for you every month, and you don't have to pay any money yourself;

housing accumulation fund: the company pays 8% for you every month, and you pay more than 8%

. So, the social security ratio paid by the company every month should be 21%+9%+2%+.5%+.8%+8%=41.3%

The social security ratio paid by yourself every month should be 8%. The ratio of the company's contribution to your contribution should be 413:19, which means that if < P > you pay 19 yuan for your social security every month, the company will put 413 yuan into your social security account, and the money added to your social security account every month should be 413+19=63 yuan, so the social security fee paid by the company is actually twice as much as yours under the condition that you can't see it.

Let's get back to the three insurances and one gold and five insurances and one gold. In fact, the three insurances and one gold mentioned in Jianghu are completely equal to the five insurances and one gold, except that the three insurances and one gold are from the insurance paid by you personally (pension+medical care+unemployment+provident fund) and the five insurances and one gold are from the insurance paid by your company (pension+medical care+unemployment+work injury+maternity+provident fund). It's just nice to say that three insurances and one gold are five insurances and one gold.

besides the company can pay social security for you, in fact, people who have no job but earn money, or those who have a company but don't pay social security can also pay social security themselves, but individuals can only pay endowment insurance+medical insurance, work-related injuries, maternity, unemployment and provident fund, and you can't pay it personally.

Let's introduce what is the base of social insurance payment.

Just now, we all know that the proportion of social insurance paid by the company every month is almost 413:19, so now another question comes out: What is the relationship between the social insurance premium paid by yourself every month and this proportion? How is the social insurance premium determined?

You may not have noticed that every province and city issues a "minimum payment base for social insurance" every year in early July. This base is determined after statistics and calculations based on the average salary+benefits+various subsidies of employees in the previous year. The minimum base announced by Nanjing in July this year is 1,189 yuan. What does this mean? It means that as long as Nanjing is a regular unit that pays social insurance for employees, The money paid for each employee every month is at least 1189×41.3%=491 yuan, and the employee has to pay at least 1189×19%+1=236 yuan every month, so that the social security fee that you and the unit should pay every month will come out.

But now there is a new problem. The wages of employees in Nanjing are very different. Some people get 1, yuan a month, while others can get 1, yuan a month. Does it mean that both those who get 1, yuan and those who get 1, yuan pay the same social security fee? Please note that this 1189 is the lowest base, and there is a highest base above 1189. The highest base in Nanjing this year seems to be more than 8,, and I have forgotten the details. Anyway, if your salary is below 1189 yuan per month, the company must pay 1189×41.3%=491 yuan for you according to 1189 yuan, and you must also pay at least 1189× 19%+per month.

but if your salary is higher than 1189, for example, you get 3, yuan a month, then when your company goes to the labor bureau to pay insurance for you (your company and the social security fees you pay are deducted by the labor bureau), you should say to the labor bureau, "We have a comrade here who gets 3, yuan a month. Please deduct the social security fee according to the standard of 3, yuan ".Then the Labor Bureau will deduct your company and your money with 3, yuan as the payment base and then transfer it to your social security account. At this time, your company should pay 3,× 41.3% = 1,239 yuan for you every month, and you should pay 3,× 19%+1 = 58 yuan

every month. If your salary is more than 1189 yuan, then you will pay according to your actual salary every month, unless your salary is higher than the maximum base. If you get 1 yuan a month and the maximum base is 8 yuan, you and your company will pay 8 yuan. Here, I want to expose the shameless practices of some companies. These companies may give you thousands of wages every month, but they will not report your salary according to your actual salary when they go to the labor bureau to declare your base. For example, if you take 3, yuan a month, they may say that you only take 1,189 yuan, and then the labor bureau will only deduct you 1189×19%+1=236 yuan a month. I'm afraid you are still very happy because you think it will be deducted. If so, your company is shameless! Because the company pays more than twice as much as you, the less you pay, the less they pay! If you calculate according to your actual salary of 3, yuan, they should pay you 3× 41.3% = 1,239 yuan in social security fees every month, while if you calculate according to 1,189 yuan, they only pay 1,189× 41.3% = 491 yuan for you every month! So in fact, you suffered a big loss! Regular companies will only report to the labor bureau according to your actual salary and deduct the money! Only those cheap companies will pay you according to the minimum standard no matter how high your salary is! ! Don't think that the less you deduct from your social security fee every month, the better! ! Maybe you have been shamelessly bullied by the company and you have no idea! ! ! It's very simple to determine what the company pays for you: if you deduct 3 yuan of social security every month, your base is almost 3÷19%≈1578 yuan. See if your salary is this amount. If your salary is obviously higher than 1578, for example, you actually get 3 or 4 yuan every month, then you must have been bullied by the company. After being bullied, you can go to the local labor inspection brigade. Generally speaking, it's accurate when you sue, but it's best to find the evidence (such as salary slips, etc.) before you sue, otherwise you will not be able to get along with the company after you sue-+

Again, the proportion of social security is different in different places. If you are not in Nanjing, your contribution ratio is probably not 19%, but it will certainly not be too bad. For example, your base may be 2%. So although 19% is the proportion of Nanjing, students from other places can also calculate their own base by this

Let's introduce the specific situation of these social security fees and how to use them

As mentioned earlier, Social insurance = endowment insurance+medical insurance+industrial injury insurance+maternity insurance+unemployment insurance+housing accumulation fund

Let's talk about endowment insurance first

Generally, this insurance will be paid for 15 years before retirement, so students who want to get a pension must start paying it 15 years before their retirement. This is almost the same outside Nanjing. If you pay endowment insurance for less than 15 years at retirement age, Then when you retire, the state will refund you all the 8% pension saved in your personal account < P > Then you will ask, where is the 21% paid by the company?

You can't expect the state to give it to you. After you retire and take away your personal money, the state will transfer all 21% of the money paid by the unit to the national pension fund. From then on, this money has nothing to do with you anymore. You may say: Damn it! That's my money. Why not give it to me? Because that's how the state stipulates that when returning money, only the money withheld by the individual will be returned to the individual, and all the money paid by the unit for him has contributed to the country-

Let's take a look at how the pension is calculated when you retire.

The algorithm of pension is very complicated, because the state changes the payment base once a year. For example, if you are 3 years old now, your current payment base is 3, yuan. If the retirement age is 55 years old, you must start to pay the old-age insurance before you are 4 years old, and if you start to pay it now at the age of 3, and it will be 25 years since you are 55 years old, then you must first enjoy the pension. Secondly, if your payment base of 3, yuan has become 6, yuan after 25 years (I said if), Then when you are 55 years old, you can get a basic pension of 6×2%=12 yuan every month, which is given to you by the state. In addition, the money in your personal account has accumulated a lot in 25 years. Just average the payment base, (3+6)÷2=45. Then you should have 4,5× 8% (the proportion of individuals who have paid endowment insurance )× 25× 12 months = 18, yuan in your personal account in the past 25 years, so you can get 18, ÷ 12 = 9 yuan every month in addition to the previous 1,2 yuan, so that you can get at least 1,2+9 yuan every month from the age of 55.

In this way, in addition to your own 9 yuan every year, you will get more than 1,2 yuan every month after retirement, and your pension will certainly increase.

So the more you pay for old-age insurance, the better. The more you pay, the more you will enjoy after retirement. Moreover, after the national base is adjusted every year, you will get more and more money. Now it is possible to get 1,5 yuan after paying 1, years. That is, no matter where you pay social security fees, when you retire, you can only go back to the place where your account is located to enjoy local retirement benefits. So, people who pay social security in places with high base but enjoy pensions in places with low retirement base will lose a lot. Why do you say that? Let me give you an example. If you worked in Nanjing when you were young and paid social security for 2 years and then retired, but if your registered permanent residence is in Heilongjiang, you must go back to Heilongjiang to enjoy the pension

. If you paid in Nanjing for 2 years, the average base is 3, yuan (I said if), while when you retired, the contribution base in Heilongjiang is only 1, yuan (I said if), then you can only enjoy 1 yuan when you retire. This is a loss! In a word, if you pay social security in a rich place but go back to a poor place to enjoy social security when you retire, you will pay a lot but enjoy very little in your life! Paying 3 yuan may only enjoy 1 yuan! This is a terrible thing, but there is nothing we can do. This is the policy of the country. Therefore, please pay attention to all the students who are currently registered in places with low base such as the west but work in places with high base such as Beijing or Shanghai. You can either pay social security in the west or move your account to Beijing or Shanghai before retirement, otherwise you will be doing a business with a huge loss in life.

Then maybe you will say, if my account is in Nanjing, I will pay it in Heilongjiang for 2 years. Do you think Nanjing Labor Bureau will just let you enjoy it? ! In general, Nanjing will find a reason to directly refuse your transfer! At that time, you will be smarter than you are: you can't enjoy it in Heilongjiang and you can't enjoy it in Nanjing! However, some places have some relaxed regulations on this situation. For example, Nanjing allows you to transfer back to Nanjing from a low base five years before retirement, and then continue to pay a high base in Nanjing for five years before it allows you to return to Nanjing to enjoy the pension. This policy is estimated to be different in different places. Students who plan to transfer in the future had better go to your local labor bureau to find out this problem now, so as to avoid unexpected accidents when they retire!

Let's talk about medical insurance

The policy of this insurance country is not bad. What's important is that there are many reimbursement for hospitalization. As I said before, the monthly medical insurance paid by the unit is 9%, and the monthly medical insurance paid by you is about 2% plus 1 yuan for serious illness. This serious illness co-ordination takes care of your hospitalization, and in those 11%, the country will pay your own 2% into your medical insurance account every month. If you pay social security according to the minimum base of 1,189 yuan per month, then 1,189× 2% = 23.78 yuan is the money that the country calls you personally every month. You can accumulate this money and directly swipe your card to buy medicine or see the clinic, and the remaining 9% of the country will be included in the medical pooling fund

According to the regulations of Nanjing, if you start paying medical insurance in January 27, Then from February 27, you can use your credit card to buy medicine or go to the clinic, and from July 27, your hospitalization expenses can be reimbursed, which is quite complicated. For example, let's say:

If you were hospitalized on August 1, 27, you lived in the best tertiary hospital in Nanjing, and all the medicines you used during your hospitalization were covered by medical insurance, and the expenses such as surgery and hospitalization cost 5 yuan. Then when reimbursing, the medical insurance center will deduct 1, yuan first, which is the starting price. The remaining 4, yuan can be reimbursed by the medical insurance center at 4,× 86% = 3,44 yuan, and you only need to pay 4,× 14% = 56 yuan. Plus the previous starting price in 1 yuan, you only need to pay 1,56 yuan for spending 5, yuan. And this 156 yuan can also be deducted from your medical insurance card (if you don't usually use that card), so in fact, you can't spend much money in hospital. Medical insurance is much more important to us young people than endowment insurance. After all, it's too fucking expensive to see a doctor in hospital, which is also the most important significance of participating in social insurance. However, Nanjing stipulates that medical insurance must be paid for 25 years before you can enjoy it for life after retirement, so if you retire at the age of 55, Then you must start to pay medical insurance at the latest age of 3

Let's talk about work-related injury insurance

This insurance is rarely used in practice, and I don't have much contact with it. What needs to be reminded is that if something happens to you at work or when you go to work, this insurance will come in handy

But in practice, many people don't pay attention to keeping evidence when something happens, which makes them unable to enjoy work-related injury insurance, which is a pity if you are hit by a car when you get off work.