Around 2500 BC, the king of Babylon ordered monks, judges and village heads to collect taxes as fire fighting funds. Masons in ancient Egypt set up funeral mutual aid organizations to solve the problem of raising funeral funds by paying membership fees.
Soldiers' organizations in the Roman Empire provided living expenses for the survivors of fallen soldiers in the form of fund-raising and gradually formed an insurance system. With the development of trade, around 1792 BC, it was the era of Hammurabi, the sixth king of Babylon, and the business was prosperous. In order to help commerce and protect the goods of mules, horses and caravans that compensate for losses, in code of hammurabi, it is stipulated that * * * should share the compensation for losses.
2. What memorabilia have happened in the world insurance industry since ancient times? In 4500 BC, the funeral mutual aid association appeared in ancient Egypt to deal with risks, which was considered as the initial embryonic form of insurance.
? In 9 16 BC, the maritime law of Luodian formally stipulated the principle of "* * * general average". ? On the 23rd of October, AD 1347 10, Italy issued the oldest voyage insurance policy.
? 1666 A fire broke out in London. ? In A.D. 1667, Nicholas Barber, an Englishman, opened the first fire insurance company and started the modern insurance business.
? In A.D. 1762, the Fair Life Insurance Company was established in Britain, which marked the formation of modern life insurance system. ? /kloc-in 0/805, the first insurance company-"Guangdong Insurance Company" appeared in China.
? 1858, boiler insurance appeared in Britain, which opened the curtain of engineering insurance. ? 1875, an insurance merchant was established in Shanghai in Qing dynasty, which was the first insurance merchant in China.
? 1880, modern liability insurance began to take shape. ? 1888, the United States issued the first automobile insurance policy.
? 1949 and 10, China People's Insurance Company was established with the approval of the Financial and Economic Committee of the Central People's Government of New China. ? 1959, PICC's domestic business was completely closed.
? 1980, China resumes insurance business. ? 1995+ 10/month/day, People's Republic of China (PRC) insurance law was formally implemented.
? 1996 China People's Insurance Group Company was established with three subsidiaries.
Three. The development process of foreign insurance industry The insurance industry has developed rapidly, and its position in the international financial industry and the development of the world economy has been continuously improved. After 1970, with the rapid development of the international financial industry, the position and role of the financial industry in the economic development of all countries in the world have been rapidly improved.
For example, the total financial assets of the Group of Seven (G-7) including the United States, Britain, Japan, Canada and France increased from 399% in 1970 to 79 1% in 1998, and the total financial intermediary bonds increased from 35% in 1970 in the same period. In this development process, the insurance industry has developed more rapidly and its position in the international financial industry has improved rapidly: since 1970, the important change in the asset structure of the international financial industry is that the proportion of bank assets in the financial industry has gradually decreased, while the proportion of assets of insurance and other non-bank financial institutions has greatly increased.
For example, the ratio of creditor's rights of G-7 banks to GDP decreased from 69% in 1970 to 53% in 1998, and the ratio of creditor's rights of non-bank financial institutions to GDP increased from 3 1% in 1970 to 1998. Among them, the proportion of banks in the United States, Britain and Japan decreased from about 58%, 58% and 45% to about 2 1%, 46% and 32% respectively, and the proportion of non-bank financial institutions increased from about 3 1%, 28% and 10% respectively.
With the rapid development of non-bank financial institutions, the insurance industry has developed faster than other non-bank financial institutions, and insurance companies have become more and more important institutional investors in the financial industry. For example, in OECD countries, the total assets of insurance companies increased from less than 6 trillion dollars in 1990 to 12 trillion dollars in 0999, and the growth rate of financial assets of non-bank financial institutions exceeded the total assets of pension fund companies and * * * fund companies.
Judging from the average growth rate of financial assets, during the period of 1990- 1998, the insurance companies in OECD countries maintained an average annual growth rate of nearly 10% on the basis of large total financial assets and high average growth rate of financial assets (8%~ 13%). In the same period, in the Group of Seven, the average annual growth rate of financial assets controlled by insurance companies remained at around 9%, which was close to that of pension fund companies and lower than that of similar fund companies.
According to the research of Swiss Reinsurance Company, in 2008, the world premium scale (life insurance and non-life insurance) was US$ 4,270 billion, of which Europe accounted for 4 1%, North America accounted for 32%, and Asia ranked third, an increase of one percentage point over last year, accounting for 22%. In terms of premium composition, life insurance and non-life insurance account for 58.3% (US$ 2,490 billion) and 465,438+0.7% (US$ 6,543.8+77.9 million) respectively.
The premium composition in the Asian market is somewhat different, among which life insurance premiums account for a large proportion, reaching 75%. The main reason for this situation is the influence of the Japanese market.
Japan's insurance market accounts for more than half of the whole Asian market. Life insurance is the main insurance market in Japan, and life insurance premiums account for 80% of its total premiums. From 1980 to 2009, global life insurance maintained a high growth rate with a compound growth rate of 10%.
Great changes have taken place in the global insurance industry, but the distribution is still unbalanced. Life insurance business is still concentrated in North America, Western Europe and Japan, which accounted for 82% of global premiums in 2008. Life insurance premiums in the United States, Japan and other countries have maintained high growth for more than 40 years, especially in Japan, where life insurance contracts have increased by 1950- 1970 times, with an average annual growth rate of 27.6%; 1970- 1990, life insurance contracts increased by 20.5 times, with an average growth rate of 16%.
Although the development paths of life insurance in the United States and Japan are different, the high level of economic development is undoubtedly one of the main reasons for the similar development of their life insurance industries.
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Q: The development history of foreign insurance industry.
A: The evolution history of insurance industry in New China (1949~2007).
1949: People's Republic of China (PRC) was established and China People's Insurance Company was established.
1952: foreign insurance companies have completely withdrawn from the insurance market in China.
1955: completely abolish the insurance broker system.
1958: the domestic insurance business was completely closed.
1980: Property insurance business resumed and China People's Insurance Company resumed business.
1982: reply to life insurance business.
1984: People's Insurance Company of China has been approved to set up an investment company, which can use part of its insurance reserves for investment.
1986: Bank of Communications established the insurance business department (predecessor of China Pacific Insurance), which broke the monopoly of PICC in China.
1988: Ping An Insurance Company, the first joint-stock insurance company, officially opened.
199 1 year: China Pacific life insurance co., ltd, formerly known as the insurance business department of bank of communications.
1992: AIA Shanghai branch, the first foreign life insurance company, was established, and the life insurance agent system was introduced.
1994: China ping an insurance company introduced foreign capital to share.
1995: The first edition of People's Republic of China (PRC) Insurance Law was promulgated.
1996: started to operate separately, and split the business of China People's Insurance Company to form PICC Property Insurance Co., Ltd., PICC Life Insurance Co., Ltd. and China Reinsurance Company.
Hong Zhong Insurance, the first Sino-foreign joint venture life insurance company, was established in Shanghai.
1998: China Insurance Supervision Reading Management Committee was established.
Established Sino-foreign joint venture life insurance companies such as Pacific Antai Life Insurance, Allianz Volkswagen and Jinsheng Life Insurance.
The People's Bank of China issued the Table of Disability Degree and Insurance Payment Proportion in Personal Insurance, stipulating that the definitions of disability degree and insurance payment proportion in all new business terms must be implemented according to the Table of Disability Degree and Insurance Payment Proportion in Personal Insurance from 1 July 19991.
1999: Insurance companies are allowed to enter the securities market indirectly through securities investment funds.
Chinese mainland's first insurance broker qualification examination.
China Life Insurance Company was established with the approval of the State Council (formerly known as China People's Insurance Company established by 1949 and PICC Life Insurance Company separated by 1996).
Sino-foreign joint venture life insurance companies such as Everbright Yongming and Xincheng (Guangzhou) have been established one after another.
Ping An Insurance launched the first investment-linked insurance product-Century Financial Investment-linked Insurance.
2000: China Insurance International Holdings Limited is listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.
Chinese-funded life insurance companies such as Minsheng Life Insurance, Oriental Life Insurance, Life Insurance and Hengan Life Insurance have been established one after another.
Established Sino-foreign joint venture life insurance companies such as Bao Zhong Kanglian Life Insurance and Hengkang Tianan Life Insurance.
China Pacific Insurance launched the first universal life insurance product-Ping An Shengshi Changfa.
200 1: the mainland was allowed to join the WTO, and three foreign-funded companies, new york Life, Metropolis and Japan Life, obtained business licenses.
Insurance association of china was founded.
In 2002, the CIRC cancelled the qualification of insurance companies to invest in securities and funds, and the administrative examination and approval items such as the use of overseas funds by insurance companies.
Taikang Life Insurance launched the first "guaranteed product"-bancassurance "assured financial management" investment-linked insurance.
In 2003, CIRC allowed foreign-funded life insurance companies to provide health insurance, group insurance and pension/annuity insurance, and cancelled the geographical restrictions on the establishment of branches by foreign-funded insurance institutions.
2004: Taiping Pension Insurance Co., Ltd., the first professional annuity insurance company, was approved for construction.
Ping An Insurance is listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.
2005: The China Insurance Regulatory Commission and the China Securities Regulatory Commission jointly issued the Interim Measures for the Administration of Stock Investment of Insurance Institutional Investors, and insurance funds were allowed to enter the market directly.
The new life table was approved by the China Insurance Regulatory Commission.
By the end of 2005, there were nearly 65,438+000 life insurance companies in China, including 40 foreign-funded companies and 65,438+092 offices set up by foreign-funded insurance institutions in China.
The opening of Ping An Bank in the annex marks the beginning of the embryonic form of financial holding group under Ping An's name.
In 2006, the People's Bank of China issued the Announcement of the People's Bank of China (No.5, 2006), which made important adjustments to the foreign exchange management policy and allowed insurance companies to purchase foreign exchange with their own RMB funds for overseas investment.
In 2007, insurance association of china issued the definition and use standard of critical illness insurance in 2007, which made a unified standard for the diseases involved in critical illness insurance.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Human society has been faced with natural disasters and accidents from the beginning.
In the process of struggling with nature, ancient people came up with insurance ideas and original insurance methods to deal with disasters and accidents. Our country has always attached great importance to saving grain for hunger.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius' thought of "doing three things and doing more" was quite representative. According to Confucius, if one-third of the harvest can be stored every year for three consecutive years, it will be enough 1 year, that is, "one profit".
If we continue to save for a rainy day, we can save for a rainy day for nine years in 27 years, and we can achieve peace and prosperity. In foreign countries, insurance thought and primitive insurance prototype also came into being in ancient times.
According to historical records, in 2500 BC, in the ancient Babylonian kingdom in the two rivers of West Asia (Tigris River and Euphrates River), the king ordered monks, judges and village heads to collect money from residents in their jurisdiction to help people who suffered from fires and other natural disasters. It is recognized as the earliest insurance in the world.
Modern marine insurance has gradually evolved from the ideas of cargo mortgage loan in Babylon and Phoenicia. Fire insurance originated from the Hrepps Association established in Iceland on118, which is responsible for compensating for fire and livestock deaths.
The origin of life insurance is included in the emergence and development of marine insurance. /kloc-In the late 5th century, European slavers insured African slaves shipped to America as goods, and later the crew on board could also be insured; In case of accidental injury, the insurer will give financial compensation, which should be the early form of life insurance.
The oldest insurance policy in the world: 1347+654381the voyage insurance policy issued by Genoa businessman George Lukewelen on October 23rd. The first modern insurance policy: 1384, Florence issued an insurance policy to cover a batch of goods shipped from France to Pisa, Italy. The insurance policy clearly stipulates the subject matter and insurance liability, and is the first marine insurance policy with modern significance.
The earliest insurance law in the world: In order to solve the economic disputes caused by insurance, prevent fraud and give priority to protecting domestic ships, Barcelona promulgated the earliest insurance law in the world on 1435. The earliest insurance clause in the world: 1524, Florence summed up the previous practice of marine insurance, formulated relatively complete insurance laws and regulations, and stipulated the standard policy format, becoming the earliest insurance clause in the world.
The earliest insurance organization in the world: 1688 Mr. Lloyd opened a coffee shop named after himself near the Tower of London, where wealthy businessmen gathered every day. Insurance brokers took advantage of this opportunity to attract business, and the team grew stronger and became the earliest insurance organization in the world. The first marine insurance law was promulgated by Queen Elizabeth of England in 160 1 year.
The earliest insurance company in the world is Etna Insurance Company, which deals in life insurance and damage insurance in the United States. The first life table in the world was compiled by the famous astronomer Harley in 1693 according to the death statistics of Silesia citizens.
The formation and development of modern insurance (1) Marine insurance has its earliest origin among all kinds of insurance. It is the development of marine insurance that drives the prosperity and development of the whole insurance industry.
The development of human history has never been separated from the ocean. The profits and risks of maritime trade are * * *, and in the long-term maritime practice, the way of sharing the losses of maritime accidents by most people-* * * is gradually formed.
In 9 16 BC, the law of Luo Di 'an Sea stipulated: "If the goods on board are abandoned for the benefit of all, and the load on board is lightened, the losses shall be shared by all beneficiaries." It is also mentioned in the Roman Code that general average can only be contributed when the ship is rescued.
Modern marine insurance has gradually evolved from the ideas of cargo mortgage loan in Babylon and Phoenicia. /kloc-After 0/4th century, modern marine insurance became popular among Italian businessmen.
1384, the world's first modern insurance policy was born in Florence. This policy ensured the safe transportation of a batch of goods from Alsace in southern France to Pisa in Italy.
In this policy, there is a clear subject matter of insurance and a clear insurance liability, such as "maritime accidents, including losses or injuries caused by ship breakage, grounding, fire or sinking". Among other responsibilities, the losses of ships and goods caused by "piracy, abandonment, capture, revenge and surprise attack" are also listed.
/kloc-after the 0/5th century, the opening of new routes made most goods from western Europe pass through the Atlantic instead of the Mediterranean. /kloc-In the 6th century, British businessmen regained overseas trading rights from foreign businessmen and actively developed trade and insurance business.
By the second half of16th century, it was chartered by the Queen of England. The Royal Exchange of London has set up an insurance chamber to handle the registration of insurance policies.
1720, with the approval of the queen, two insurance companies, Royal Exchange and London, officially became professional marine insurance companies. 1688, Mr. Lloyd opened a cafe named after himself near the Tower of London Street. In order to win in the competition, Lloyd has a unique eye, and found that he can take advantage of the opportunity that sailors returning from abroad often stay in cafes to inquire about the latest overseas news, and then turn cafes into the center for releasing aviation news.
Because the maritime affairs here are well-informed, the wealthy businessmen are full every day, and the insurance broker takes this opportunity to hand over the insurance policy to each insurer who drinks coffee. They will sign their names and the insurance amount at the end of the note in turn until the total insurance amount is the same as the insurance amount filled in the note. With the continuous development of marine insurance, the number of Lloyd's insurance companies is increasing and its influence is increasing.
187 1 year, the British parliament formally passed the bill, making it a social organization-Lloyd's. Up to now, Lloyd's has 14000 insurance companies.
Today, its insurance coverage is more than just marine insurance. (2) Fire Hazard Fire hazard originated from the Hrepps Society established in Iceland on118, which is responsible for compensating for fire and livestock death losses.
/kloc-At the beginning of the 0/7th century, the system of mutual aid associations for fire fighting and disaster relief prevailed in Germany. 1676, the first public insurance company, Hamburg Fire Insurance Bureau, was established by the merger of several associations. But the real fire risk developed after the London fire.
1on September 2, 666, the city of London was completely destroyed by fire.
What is the history of the insurance industry in China? China once established the People's Insurance Company of China in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, but soon after, due to the changes in social system, all kinds of risk control were transferred to the state as a whole, and commercial insurance lost its foundation.
Since 1980s, with the deepening of reform and opening up and the establishment of the socialist market economic system, the subject of personal risk control has changed from the state to individuals and families. At the same time, with the improvement of living standards and income levels of domestic people, people began to have certain insurance needs, and the insurance industry began to develop again. Since the beginning of this century, China's insurance industry has been gradually standardized, the industry development speed has been accelerated, the market vitality has been enhanced, and the service fields have been broadened, showing a good situation of business growth, efficiency improvement, structural optimization and risk prevention, and continuing to serve the overall economic and social situation in its own continuous development.
Seven. What is the development history of insurance? The essence of insurance is to help everyone. If one person is in trouble, everyone will help each other. It is also what people often say, "I am for everyone and everyone is for me."
Insurance in the modern sense originated from the need of maritime transportation. As early as 2000 BC, when merchants sailing in the Mediterranean were shipwrecked, in order to avoid the mutual destruction of ships and goods, they often abandoned some goods, and the losses were shared by all parties, forming the principle of "one person owns all, one person owns all" and becoming the bud of marine insurance.
The earliest insurance policy was issued by Luc Willen, a Genoese businessman, on 1347, 10/23 October to undertake the voyage of the ship "Santa Clara" from Genoa to Macciocca. Hamburg Fire Insurance Association, founded in 1676, is the earliest organization specializing in insurance.
/kloc-after the 0/8th century, the insurance industry developed rapidly and the types of insurance increased. /kloc-in the 0/9th century, insurance entered a modern period, and the scope of insurance not only included traditional property losses and personal injuries, but also extended to life insurance, liability insurance, credit insurance and reinsurance.
The earliest insurance institution in China is Guangzhou Insurance Company, which was established in Guangzhou by British businessmen on 1805. The earliest insurance companies of national capital in China are Renhe and Jihe, which were established by China Merchants 1885.
The first life insurance company established by China people was Hua 'an Hequn Life Insurance Co., Ltd. operated by former president Li Hongyuan. Today, when mankind is about to enter the 2 1 century, insurance companies, like banks, have become an indispensable part of people's lives.
Among them, life insurance provides a clear guarantee for people's life safety. In the sense of ensuring people's life safety, insurance companies are more important than banks.
Eight. China Life Insurance Co., Ltd. is the largest life insurance company in China, headquartered in Beijing.
As a core member of China Life Insurance (Group) Company, a Fortune 500 company and a Fortune 500 company, the company has won the trust of the most extensive customers in the society with its long history, strong strength, professional leading competitive advantage and world-renowned brand, and has always occupied the position of a leader in the domestic insurance market, and is known as the "mainstay" of the insurance industry in China. China Life Insurance is a China life insurance company with a long history, the same age as People's Republic of China (PRC). It is one of the earliest insurance companies in China, shouldering the heavy responsibility of explorers and pioneers in the life insurance industry in China. After more than half a century's development, I am well versed in the management of domestic life insurance market.
In the process of serving the domestic market and customers for a long time, it has accumulated rich experience and developed into an internationally renowned large-scale insurance enterprise. On June 9, 2007, 65438+ Company returned to the domestic A-share listing, and since then, the company has become the first financial and insurance enterprise listed in three places in China.
On June 65438+February 17 and June 18, 2003, the company went public in new york and Hongkong respectively, creating the largest IPO in the world that year. On June 30, 2003, China Life accelerated the pace of reform and development, established China Life Insurance (Group) Company, and exclusively initiated the establishment of China Life Insurance Co., Ltd. ..
1998 PICC life insurance co., ltd changed its name to China life insurance company. 1996, PICC Life Insurance Co., Ltd. was established, and China Life began to enter the era of specialized life insurance business.
1949 10, the central government approved the establishment of the only insurance company in China, thus opening the first year of the development of China Life. China Pacific Insurance (Group) Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "China Pacific Insurance") is an insurance group company established on the basis of China Pacific Insurance Company established on May 3, 199 1, headquartered in Shanghai, with a registered capital of 7.7 billion yuan and listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange on February 25, 2007.
As a responsible insurance company, China Pacific Insurance takes "Honesty in the World, Steady Life and Pursuit of Excellence" as its core values, actively promotes sustainable value growth, constantly creates value for customers, shareholders, employees, society and stakeholders, and contributes to social harmony. China Pacific Insurance owns professional subsidiaries such as Pacific Life Insurance, Pacific Property Insurance, Pacific Asset Management Company, etc. It has strong strength and maintains a leading position in the market.
By the end of 2008, the total assets were 3,654.38+09.39 billion yuan and the net assets were 48.74 billion yuan. In 2008, the income from insurance business was 94.02 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 26.6%. In terms of market share, Pacific Property Insurance is the second largest property insurance company in China and the third largest life insurance company in China.
China Pacific Insurance has established a nationwide marketing network and diversified service platform. At present, it has more than 5,400 branches, more than 64,000 employees and more than 220,000 salesmen, providing comprehensive risk protection solutions and investment and financial services including life insurance and property insurance for more than 36 million individual customers and more than 2.2 million institutional customers nationwide. While actively pursuing sustainable value development, China Pacific Insurance is committed to various public welfare activities and fulfilling the duties of corporate citizens.
Since its establishment, it has actively carried out public welfare activities such as caring for orphans and disabled people, donating money to help students, and helping the poor: it has invested more than 30 million yuan and established more than 60 hope primary schools; In the catastrophic floods, SARS, snowstorms in the south, and 5. 12 earthquake relief, donations and materials were enthusiastic, totaling more than 80 million yuan. Facing the future, China Pacific Insurance has established the strategic goal of "a first-class financial service group focusing on the insurance industry and having international competitiveness", and strives to build itself into a first-class financial service group with excellent reputation, excellent brand, stable finance and excellent benefits. Taiping Life has a long history and was founded in Shanghai from 65438 to 0929. It is one of the China life insurance companies with the longest operating time and the longest brand history in China insurance market.
Taiping Life Insurance in history, with its strong national capital strength, well-known corporate reputation and steady professional management style, vowed that "only life insurance can solve life problems". In the history of modern insurance development in China, Taiping Life became the representative of the national insurance industry with the strongest strength, the largest scale and the largest market share, and wrote a glorious historical chapter of the insurance industry in China. After 1956, according to the national policy adjustment, Taiping Life moved to Hong Kong, specializing in overseas business for nearly half a century.
20011.30 With the approval of the State Council and the approval of the China Insurance Regulatory Commission, Taiping Life resumed its domestic life insurance business in an all-round way, becoming the sixth national life insurance company. The company is headquartered in Shanghai with a registered capital of 2.33 billion yuan.
Over the past seven years, Taiping Life has opened 34 branches and more than 500 third-and fourth-level institutions in 27 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, and the layout of the national institutions and service networks has basically been completed. After the resumption of business, Taiping Life Insurance took China Insurance (Holdings) Co., Ltd., PICC International Holdings Co., Ltd. and Fortis Insurance International Co., Ltd. as shareholders, with an international and professional shareholder background.
China Insurance (Holdings) Co., Ltd. is the first multinational and diversified financial insurance holding group in China and one of the four state-owned insurance holding companies in China. China Insurance International Holdings Limited is the first Chinese-funded insurance company listed in Hong Kong and the listed flagship company of China Insurance (Holdings) Limited, which has an advantageous position in the Asian reinsurance market. Fortis Insurance International Co., Ltd. is a wholly-owned professional company under the Fortis Group in Europe, ranking among the top 65,438+05 financial services groups in Europe, and is in an international leading position in the field of financial insurance. The three major shareholders provided great support in terms of capital, technology, management and talents for the leap-forward development of Taiping Life after its resumption of business, ensured the steady development of the company's management and business, and quickly established the company's core competitive advantage and brand advantage.
Taiping Life has made great innovation breakthroughs in all aspects of the company's operation and management, but also actively expanded its business scope and fields, and its comprehensive business model has always been at the forefront of the industry. From June 5438 to February 2004, Taiping Life Insurance applied for the establishment of Yang Taiping as the main sponsor.