the Republic of Azerbaijan
covers an area of 86,6 square kilometers
has a population of 8 million
the capital Baku
currency Manat.
US$ 1 = 4,45 Manat
A brief history Azerbaijan is located on the ancient Silk Road, which is the gateway of Europe to Asia and has a strategic position. Historically, it has been a region contested by Russia, Turkey and Iran. Azerbaijanis were formed in the 11th-13th century, and Azerbaijan was divided between Russia and Iran in 1813 and 1828. On April 28th, 1918, the Socialist Republic of Azerbaijan was established, and on December 3th, 1922, it joined the Soviet Union as a member of the Outer Caucasus Federation. On December 5, 1936, he became a member of the former Soviet Union. On August 3, 1991, it declared independence and established Azerbaijan. Joined the CIS on September 24th, 1993.
The current President Aliyev has political, economic and military powers, and has absolute authority. The power of the Prime Minister and the Speaker is very limited. Albania's foreign policy leans to the west, actively develops relations with the United States, demands to join NATO, is friendly with neighboring countries Turkey and Georgia, and has the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict with Armenia, which is very hostile.
Natural resources There are abundant petroleum and natural gas resources, mainly distributed in the Apsheron Peninsula and the continental shelf of the Caspian Sea. The proven reserves of petroleum are 4 billion tons, which is characterized by shallow burial and few impurities. At present, there are 5,418 onshore oil wells and 1,385 offshore oil wells. The initial proven reserves of natural gas are 2 billion cubic meters. In addition, there are iron ore, aluminum ore, copper mine and so on. There are 8.7 million hectares of cultivated land, fresh water and seawater resources, mountains, rivers and forests.
economic situation: the economy is in a period of transition to a market economy. The national economy is dominated by heavy industry. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, production continued to decline. In 1996, it stopped falling and stabilized, and domestic production began to resume growth. Investment and foreign trade are growing. In 1998, the privatization of land in Albania was basically completed. The private sector has accounted for 55% of GDP. However, it will take time for Albania's economy to fully recover.
In 2, Albania's GDP was US$ 4.47 billion, up by 11.3%, and its per capita GDP was US$ 562. The inflation rate was -.5% and the unemployment rate was 9.4%. By the end of the year, Albania's foreign debt was US$ 1 billion, and the country's gold foreign exchange reserves were US$ 95 million. The average wage is $45.
By the end of 1999, Afghanistan had attracted 3.4 billion US dollars of foreign investment, including 2.3 billion US dollars in the oil sector. The entry of foreign capital has accelerated the recovery and development of Albania's economy. However, due to the imperfect legal system and serious corruption, the confidence of foreign investment has been affected to some extent.
industry: Azerbaijan's economy is dominated by heavy industry. The main industrial sectors in Afghanistan are oil and gas exploitation, chemical industry and petrochemical industry, electric power, metallurgy, machinery manufacturing, light industry, food processing and so on. The output value of petroleum industry accounts for more than half of the total industrial output value.
Agriculture: Agriculture in Afghanistan is relatively developed, with 1.5 million hectares of arable land and 1.3 million hectares of irrigated land. In 1999, the agricultural output value accounted for 21.7% of GDP. Agricultural products are mainly cotton, and the planting area of cereals, tea, tobacco, fruits and vegetables also accounts for a certain proportion. Animal husbandry products mainly include meat, milk, wool, eggs and so on.
Infrastructure:
(1) Transportation:
Mainly by railway, with a total length of 29_ km. The highway is26,7 kilometers. Due to the shortage of funds, the pavement has been in disrepair for a long time. The total length of inland navigation is 5 kilometers. Baku, the main port, is located on the Caspian Sea, and it is the largest port in the Caspian Sea. The port facilities need to be developed.
Bakubina Airport is an international airport with complete facilities.
Oil transportation pipeline: Baku in the north-New Norvell
Baku in the west-Supsa in Georgia
Baku in the south via Tbilisi in Georgia to Ceyhan in Turkey is being planned.
(2) Communication: Albania's communication has developed rapidly in recent years. Several telephone offices have installed internationally advanced program-controlled exchanges, and mobile communication has also developed very rapidly, providing domestic and international telephone services, as well as telegraph, fax, wireless communication and other services.
(3) electricity: there are 17 power stations (8 thermal power stations and 9 hydropower stations)
(4) water conservancy: Baku has a reservoir with a storage capacity of 186 million cubic meters, which can provide 832,8 cubic meters of water every day, and the waterworks built on this basis can provide 23 cubic meters of clean water every second. There is a large reservoir in Albania-Minge Chevelle Reservoir, which can ensure the water supply throughout Albania all the year round.
foreign trade Albania's foreign trade resumed growth in 1996, accounting for 22% of the gross national product.
in 2, Albania's total foreign trade reached $2.56 billion, an increase of 88.1% over the previous year. Among them, the export was 1.62 billion US dollars, up by 219%, mainly due to the price increase in the international oil market that year; Imports reached US$ 94 million, up by 1.3%. Albania's main export commodities are petroleum, natural gas and energy products, accounting for 78.7% of its exports. Imported goods are mainly machinery and processed metals, accounting for 33.1% of the total import value, followed by food and tobacco, accounting for 2.1%, and ferrous and non-ferrous metals rank third.
Ten foreign trade countries: Italy, Russia, Turkey, USA, Georgia, Britain, France, Iran, Ukraine and Israel. Top five exporting countries: Italy accounts for 33,7%, Russia accounts for 8,9%, Georgia accounts for 7,7%, Turkey accounts for 7,4%, and France accounts for 6,3%. The top five importing countries are Russia (21,9%), Turkey (13,8%), the United States (8,%), Britain (6,5%) and Japan (5,4%).
Albania is currently preparing for joining the World Trade Organization and has started negotiations with relevant countries.
company registration according to the provisions of the national registration law, foreigners who register companies, branches and representative offices in Albania need to submit relevant documents to the Ministry of justice for registration, and at the same time, the relevant documents must be confirmed by the consulate or acting consulate of the country where the legal person is located. If there is no local consulate, It will be confirmed at the Albanian Foreign Ministry. The registration period of foreign legal representatives and joint ventures in the Albanian Ministry of Justice is 15-2 days. 1-15 days for a wholly-owned enterprise. In the process of registration, the articles of association of a joint venture or sole proprietorship enterprise and the regulations on representative offices of foreign legal persons must also be submitted to the Albanian National Bureau of Statistics in order to obtain the company serial number. In addition, enterprises must also register with the tax supervision department at the legal address and the social security fund for employment, the disabled and residents.
foreign exchange management according to the regulations on foreign exchange management of Azerbaijan on October 21, 1994, the national bank of Azerbaijan and the highest authority supervising the use of foreign exchange are stipulated. According to the regulations:
(1) Anyone can bring foreign exchange into the country without restriction, and a natural person can take US$ 5, out of the country at one time, of which US$ 1, can be taken out of the country duty-free, and the remaining US$ 4, can be taken out of the country after 1% tax, but anyone has the right to bring or import foreign exchange previously declared at the customs to take out or remit the country. (This article was later revised: the carrying amount is 1, US dollars, of which 1, US dollars is taken out duty-free, and others can be taken out of the country after 1% tax; At present, the relevant departments are planning to increase the carrying amount to $2,, of which 2, will be taken out duty-free and the rest will be taken out of the country after 1% tax. )
(2) Enterprises or individuals have the right to open foreign exchange accounts in domestic banks in Albania. Enterprises can open foreign exchange accounts overseas according to the relevant regulations of the State Bank, and enterprises have the right to conduct foreign exchange transactions without quantity restrictions. However, both enterprises and individuals must sell or buy foreign exchange in the domestic and foreign exchange markets through the authorized agent banks established by the State Bank according to the regulations of the State Bank, and foreign exchange transactions between enterprises and individuals are prohibited.
According to Presidential Decree No.284 of February 23rd, 1995, the percentage limit that enterprises must turn over to the national unified foreign exchange fund was cancelled, the foreign exchange market was opened, and foreign exchange was freely traded in Afghanistan.
Living habits of residents Azerbaijanis account for 82.7% of the total population, and they believe in Islam. Bread is the staple food in their diet, and cattle, sheep and chicken are the main non-staple foods. Like Muslims all over the world, they have their own festivals such as "Jizi Festival". Have good hygiene habits and dress well. Men can't go out in shorts.
At present, more than half of Azerbaijan's households have private cars, and more than 9% of them have complete appliances. Home interior decoration is more exquisite. Generally, families have carpets, tapestries, like books, and display all kinds of tableware and tea sets with good texture. Meals and tea sets are also the most traditional and exquisite wedding gifts for local brides.
Azerbaijanis are good at singing and dancing, and are proud of their national music and dance. But never dance with the same sex in public.
visit notes Azerbaijan is an Asian country located in the east of Transcaucasia, bordering the Caspian Sea in the east, Iran in the south, Armenia and Georgia in the west and Russia in the north.
a diverse climate, with dry and humid subtropical climate in plain lowlands and plateau permafrost climate in mountainous areas. The average temperature in low-lying areas in July is 25? C～28? C, January is 1 ~ 3? C。 Baku is windy all the year round, especially in autumn.
there is little rain in summer, and the precipitation is concentrated in autumn and winter.
The time in Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan, is GMT+2 hours, 6 hours later than Beijing time. The local power supply is 22 volts and 5 hertz, and the plug is a European standard two-pin cylinder.
The main festivals in Azerbaijan are (1997):
January 1st New Year
October 9th Army Day
February 9th Ramadan
October 18th National Independence Day
March 8th Women's Day
November 12th Constitution Day
March 2th to 21st spring. Festival
November 17th, National Rejuvenation Day
April 18th, Kurban Festival (Easter)
May 9th, Victory Day
December 31st, World Azerbaijan
May 28th, National Day
Overview of China-Arab economic and trade cooperation
Since the establishment of diplomatic relations in April 1992, China-Arab economic and trade cooperation has started from scratch. The two governments have signed a series of economic and trade documents, which provide legal guarantee for business cooperation. :
Sino-Arab Intergovernmental Economic and Trade Agreement (March, 1993)
Sino-Arab Intergovernmental Agreement on Encouraging and Protecting Investment (March, 1994)
Bank of China and Arab International Bank signed an agency agreement on bank cooperation (May, 1993)
Framework Agreement for China to provide 6 million yuan of preferential loans to Afghanistan. Protocol of the Ministry of Trade on the Establishment of Economic and Trade Cooperation Committee (August 1999)
According to the statistics of our customs, the trade volume between China and Albania in 2 was US$ 6.17 million, an increase of 443.8% over the previous year. Among them, I exported $219, an increase of $2.19 million; I imported $3.98 million, up by 2578.5%. The main commodities I export to Afghanistan are machinery and equipment, computers and communication equipment, and polyethylene and logs are imported from Afghanistan.
At present, there are only a few Chinese-funded enterprises in Albania, mainly engaged in trade, project contracting, garment processing, catering and so on, and the scale is relatively small. Albania has no investment enterprises in China. My influential projects in Afghanistan are mainly the dormitory project of Baku Refinery undertaken by our company.
in 2, I signed a labor contract with Albania, with a contract value of USD 4.68 million and a turnover of USD 1.31 million. At the end of the year, there were 244 foreign laborers.