Public-private Partnerships; PPP - Public-private partnerships Public-private partnerships refer to diverse institutional arrangements between the public sector and the private sector, resulting in some or all of the public activities or services traditionally provided by the government

Arranged by private individuals, a public-private partnership broadly refers to any agreement between the government and the private sector.

Public-private partnership evaluation criteria: (1) Financial criteria.

Evaluate the financial feasibility of the project, whether the project can operate independently, and whether a fair and reasonable pricing mechanism can be established.

(2)Technical standards.

Evaluate the technical specifications of the public sector to see whether there are inherent technical limitations that cannot be solved by private enterprise partners, and whether an effective supervision mechanism can be established.

(3)Operating standards.

Evaluate the operating standards set by the public sector to see whether there are operational problems that the private partners cannot cope with, and whether the private partners can bear the corresponding operational risks.

(4) Acceptability criteria.

Evaluate the willingness of the public and stakeholders to accept the public-private partnership model and the introduction of the private sector.

(5) Implementation standards.

Evaluate the judicial procedures and responsibilities of public entities using public-private partnership methods, whether transfer from public to private is feasible, and whether competition mechanisms can be introduced in the process of implementing public-private partnerships.

(6) Time standard.

Evaluate the time progress of standardized operations.

Failure to issue timely operating procedures to standardize operations will result in a reduction in the residual value when assets are transferred.