catalogue
1. Living habits
2. Morphological characteristics
3. Distribution range
4. Planting techniques
5. shopping tips
6. Nutritional value
Living habits
There are three kinds of blueberry cultivation, namely high bush blueberry, low bush blueberry and rabbit eye blueberry. Among them, high-bush blueberries are divided into three categories: northern high-bush blueberries, southern high-bush blueberries and semi-high-bush blueberries. Dwarf blueberries and semi-tall blueberries are suitable for planting in temperate cold regions, northern high blueberries and some semi-tall blueberries are suitable for planting in warm temperate regions, and rabbit-eye blueberries and southern high blueberries are suitable for planting in subtropical regions.
morphological character
fruit
Blueberry is a small berry with a beautiful blue fruit. The blue fruit is wrapped by 1 layer of white fruit powder, with fine pulp and tiny seeds. The average weight of blueberry fruit is 0.5~2.5g, the maximum weight is 5g, the edible rate is 100%, it is sweet and sour, and the aroma is pleasant, so it is a good fresh food.
flower
The flowers of blueberries are racemes. Inflorescences mostly lateral, sometimes terminal. Flowers solitary or paired in leaf axils. Blueberry buds usually grow at the top of branches. In spring, flower buds germinate for 3-4 weeks before reaching full bloom. When the flower bud germinates, the leaf bud begins to grow, and it does not germinate to a suitable length until the full flowering period.
tree trunk
There are many shrubs, and the height of trees varies greatly, which can reach 10m, and it is often controlled at about 3m in cultivation. The height of high-clumped blueberry trees is generally1~ 3m; The height of the semi-high shrub Vaccinium myrtillus is 50 ~100 _; Shrub blueberry tree 30 ~ 50 _.
leaf
Leaves alternate, high-bush, semi-high-bush and short-bush blueberries shed their leaves before winter, and rabbits' eyes are evergreen. Leaves can be preserved in trees for 2 ~ 3 years. The leaf size ranges from 0.7 ~ 3.5 for dwarf blueberries to 8 for tall blueberries. The most common leaf shape is oval. Most kinds of leaves have fluff on the back, and some kinds of flowers and fruits also have fluff, but there is almost no fluff on the leaves of dwarf blueberries.
root
The root system has no root hair, and its absorption capacity is small. The roots of blueberry are thin and fibrous, and the diameter of the fine roots before branching is 50 ~ 75 m. Almost all the fine roots of blueberry are parasitic by endophytic mycorrhizal fungi, thus overcoming the difficulty of water and nutrient absorption caused by blueberry roots without root hair. Studies have proved that the parasitism of mycorrhizal fungi is beneficial to the growth of blueberries.
distribution range
Basically, it is distributed all over the world, mainly in areas with cool climate and abundant sunshine, such as North Korea, Japan, Mongolia, Russia, Europe, North America, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia and Changbai Mountain in Chinese mainland. It grows in areas from 900 meters to 2300 meters above sea level, and is mostly found in coniferous forests, peat bogs, mountain tundra and pastures. It is also an important part of heather.
The quality of blueberries in North America is world-famous. Semi-high cluster blueberries are suitable for planting in temperate cold regions, northern high cluster blueberries and some semi-high cluster blueberries are suitable for planting in warm temperate regions, and rabbit-eye blueberries and southern high cluster blueberries are suitable for planting in subtropical regions.
China is mainly distributed in Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Jilin and other regions, and there are many wild species resources of blueberry plants, such as Vaccinium uliginosum (commonly known as Vaccinium uliginosum, Vaccinium uliginosum) and Vaccinium uliginosum, which naturally grow in Changbai Mountain and Daxing 'anling in Northeast China.
Planting method
It is best to choose clay pots for planting blueberries. Pottery pots are breathable and cheap, but the disadvantage is that black ash is not very beautiful. If you can't buy pottery pots, you can choose pottery pots, followed by purple sand pots and plastic pots. Never use glazed porcelain pots. As for the size of the pot, for 2-3-year-old seedlings, choose a pot with a diameter of 25-30 cm, and avoid large pots for small seedlings. When you grow up, change a big basin. 4 ~ 5 years of mature plants, of course, the bigger the better.
Blueberries can grow healthily in acidic medium, and the pH value of cultivated soil is between 4 and 5, which is most suitable for blueberry growth.
This problem has troubled many blueberry lovers, because the pH value of pastoral soil is generally between 6 and 7, and even the acid soil sold in the flower and bird market has a minimum pH value of between 5.5 and 6.
Blueberries need refrigeration. The so-called cold storage means that blueberries usually take x hours to achieve normal flowering and fruiting.
Blueberries don't need high fat, too high will hurt them. There is a certain amount of humus in the culture medium, which can basically meet the growth needs of blueberries. Of course, if you want to eat blueberries by yourself, you still need a proper amount of topdressing.
shopping tips
The top of blueberry fruit is usually bare. Wipe the peel with paper. If there is color on the paper, it means it is dyed with jujube or cherry.
Good blueberries are round, uniform in size, smooth in skin and non-sticky; Uneven size, rough skin, indicating dysplasia, not suitable for purchase.
Good blueberry has a strong aroma, sweet and sour taste and no stone; If the fragrance is light and tastes sour, it means that it is not mature yet; This big stone is fake and should not be bought.
Pinch it with your hand, and the good blueberry fruit will be very strong; If it is soft to pinch and there is juice oozing, it means it has been cooked; If the pulp is dry and the epidermis is wrinkled, it means that it is not suitable for purchase because of long storage time and serious water loss.
Good blueberries have a blue-purple skin. Covered with frost; If the color is red, it means immature; Frost is not obvious or there is no frost, which means it has not been fresh for a long time.
nutritive value
Blueberries are rich in nutrients, not only containing conventional nutrients, but also flavonoids and polysaccharides, so they are also called the queen of fruits and the king of berries.