Section 1 Biodiversity and its Protection Biodiversity Changes Biological communities are diverse, and people can divide them into several types from different perspectives.

The meaning of biological diversity is very broad, including the diversity of biological species, as well as ecological adaptability, morphology, physiological and ecological diversity and other extensive contents.

Different geographical and climatic environments have different biological communities.

With the development of industrial civilization, human society has gradually expanded, changing the biological environment of vast areas and seriously affecting biodiversity. Species are decreasing from the earth at an unprecedented rate.

It is estimated that thousands of plant and animal species become extinct every year around the world.

In 1988, 1,200 species of plants and animals around the world were on the verge of extinction.

By the year 2000, 10% to 20% of the animals and plants on the earth (500,000 to 1 million species) will disappear.

The latest news on global and national biodiversity (the following content can be used as a topic and set as a topic link) 350 million yuan to rescue endangered plants. my country will invest 350 million yuan to build four major plant gene banks to protect plants that are on the verge of extinction.

Yesterday, reporters learned from the biodiversity training class for Chinese technicians being held at the Beijing Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences that the Chinese Academy of Sciences has launched an endangered plant rescue project.

The training course, which started yesterday, is funded by HSBC.

At present, the Chinese Academy of Sciences has allocated 150 million yuan plus more than 200 million yuan from local governments to focus on building a number of plant gene banks to protect three-quarters of my country's native plants.

Currently, the largest plant gene bank under construction in my country is located in Xishuangbanna.

In addition, the Wuhan, Guangzhou and Beijing Botanical Gardens of the Chinese Academy of Sciences are also key construction projects.

An ancient fern fossil 400 to 350 million years ago was discovered in northern Shaanxi. A stone with traces of leaves was recently discovered in Huanglong County, northern Shaanxi. Experts said that the stone was imprinted with a fern fossil and was a mud pot.

From the end of the Era to the Carboniferous period, it was about 400 million to 350 million years ago.

It is understood that Huanglong County is named after Huanglong Mountain, which stretches across the territory, and its landform is shaped like a banana fan.

The climate is humid.

The forest coverage rate is 73%, and it is known as the "Oasis of the Yellow River Basin".

According to the staff of the Huanglong County Cultural Relics Management Office, the fern fossil discovered this time is 32 centimeters long and 21 centimeters wide. It has a convex leaf and a concave leaf. The leaf is 20 centimeters long and the prints are clearly visible.

, the two pieces snap together to form a complete leaf.

Experts believe that this is a relatively low-level group of higher plants in ancient times, formerly known as "ferns". Most of them became extinct from the Permian to the Triassic, and their remains formed coal seams. Most of those that survive today are degraded.

Herbs can often be seen in Huanglong Mountain area.

Relevant experts speculated based on this stone that the discovery of these ancient plant and paleontological fossils provides physical basis for studying the history and geological changes of Huanglong and even northern Shaanxi.

Two Spirulina species were discovered in the alkaline lake of Mu Us Sandy Land in Inner Mongolia. A research team led by Professor Qiao Chen and Associate Professor Li Bosheng of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University conducted years of intensive research on the naturally occurring Spirulina platensis in the alkaline lake of Mu Us Sandy Land in Inner Mongolia. It was confirmed on February 21 that

This algae species is the first pure natural, low-temperature Spirulina platensis discovered in the world.

As early as the mid-1990s, scientific researchers such as Qiao Chen and Li Bosheng discovered that there were four types of spirulina with different forms in the Mu Us Sandy Alkali Lake. They separated, purified, observed, and compared these algae for four years. Finally,

Confirmed: Ordos Spirulina and Bayannaoer Spirulina were discovered for the first time in the world, and Spirulina platensis and Spirulina quadratus were discovered for the first time in China.

Since 2000, scientific researchers such as Qiao Chen and Li Bosheng have studied Spirulina platensis from the perspective of ecological adaptability and enzyme molecules. The results show that Spirulina platensis from Mu Us Sandy Alkaline Lake is better than Spirulina platensis introduced from abroad and Spirulina platensis.

The suitable temperature of Spirulina maxima is wide, it has high activity at 0-80 degrees Celsius, its growth temperature range is 6-40 degrees Celsius, and the optimal growth temperature is 24 degrees Celsius; its superoxide dismutase, superoxide

The suitable temperature range of enzymes, catalase and esterase is also wider than those imported from abroad, and their activity at low temperature is 1.2 times and 1.3 times higher than that of imported Spirulina platensis and Spirulina maxima respectively.

These studies confirmed that Spirulina platensis in the alkaline lake of Mu Us Sandy Land is a low-temperature tolerant and eurythermal algal species.

In addition, scientific researchers such as Qiao Chen and Li Bosheng also used a 300-square-meter breeding pond to realize cultivation in natural lake water and realize industrial production for the first time in China, ending the long-term history of using imported algae species in my country's spirulina industry.

Spirulina belongs to the phylum Cyanobacteria, the class Cyanobacteria, the order Paraspora, the family Oscillatoraceae, and the genus Spirulina.

It is extremely rich in nutrients and physiologically active substances, and has the functions of improving the body's immune function, anti-aging, anti-radiation, anti-cancer, and preventing cancer.

The World Health Organization and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations call spirulina "the best health care product and the most ideal food for mankind in the 21st century."