First, the combination preparation
Chuanyou 58 (original test code: 03za-1) is a three-line hybrid of NEA cytoplasmic male sterility in Brassica napus, which is a hybrid combination with 1999 as female parent and JA 1 as male parent. In the autumn of 2003, it applied to enter the regional test of new rape combination in Sichuan Province, and passed the examination and approval in Sichuan Province in 2005. In 2004, it applied to enter the national regional test of new rape combination in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and passed the national regional test and national production test in 2007. The breeding of Chuanyou 58 indicates the successful application of NEA sterile cytoplasm and its restoring gene materials in double-low hybrid rapeseed breeding. This can not only simplify the seed production procedure of rape hybrids, ensure the purity of hybrids, but also better coordinate the contradiction between high yield, high quality and multi-resistance of rape hybrids.
Second, the output performance
1. Variety test In the variety test in 2002, the average yield per mu was 196.6 kg, which was 36. 1% higher than that of the control Shuza 6 (144.4 kg/mu), reaching a very significant level. In the variety comparison test in 2003, the average yield per mu was 183.3 kg, which was 32.8% higher than that of the check Shuza 6 (138.0 kg/mu), reaching a very significant level.
2. Sichuan Provincial Trial In 2004, the average yield per mu was 154.7 kg, which was 10.26% higher than that of the control Shuza 6 (140.365, 438+0 kg/mu), reaching a very significant level, ranking first in the double-low combination of that year. In 2005, the yield of all nine experimental sites increased, with an average yield per mu of 163.7 kg, which was 15.53% higher than that of the control Shuza 6 (1.4 1.69 kg/mu), reaching a very significant level, ranking first in Group B experiment that year.
3. Production Experiment In the production experiment in Sichuan Province in 2005, the five-point experiment consistently increased the yield, and the average yield per mu was 166.8kg, which was 12. 1% higher than that of the control Shuza 6 (148.79 kg/mu), reaching a very significant level. In 2007, the average yield per mu was 179.9 1kg, which was 14.62% higher than that of the control Youyan 7 (156.96kg/ mu), and the yield was extremely significant, ranking first. In 2007, six national production experiments (Zunyi in Guizhou, Qiannan in Guizhou, Shuangliu in Sichuan, Neijiang in Sichuan, Luoping in Yunnan and Wanzhou in Chongqing) increased production at five points, with an average yield per mu of 179.9 1 kg, which was 65438 higher than that of the control Youyan No.7 (156.96 kg/mu).
Third, biological characteristics.
Chuanyou 58 has round seeds, dark brown seed coat, long and wide cotyledons, semi-erect seedlings, strong growth potential, green stems, deeply divided leaves with 1 ~ 3 lobes, opposite leaves, dark green leaves, thick leaves, large and round tops, large photosynthetic area, wavy leaves, medium and long petioles, glabrous stems and leaves with wax powder, and large and yellow petals and stamens.
Fourth, quality traits and stress resistance.
The female parent JA 1 of Chuanyou 58 has the characteristics of complete male sterility controlled by heredity and is not affected by any environmental factors such as temperature and light. Theoretically, the purity of hybrid can reach 100%. According to the test results of Sichuan regional test and national regional test in 2003-2007, the erucic acid content of Chuanyou 58 seed was 0.65438+. The glucosinolate content of commercial rape is 25. 10 ~ 3 1.84 mol/g cake, and the oil content is 39.42 ~ 4 1.22%, which indicates that the hybrid seeds and commercial rape of this variety are of excellent quality, which is superior to the national and Sichuan double-low rapeseed approval standards. From 2003 to 2007, the results of plant protection identification and field natural identification in Sichuan province and national regional trials showed that Chuanyou 58 had mild diseases at maturity and low-low resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and virus diseases. The whole growth period showed strong lodging resistance and cold resistance.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) agronomic traits
Chuanyou 58 is a semi-winter medium-mature cabbage variety. According to the results of national and Sichuan regional tests and multi-point production tests, it was planted in different areas and years in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and the whole growth period was 22 1 ~ 224 days, which was the same as the control. The seedlings are vigorous, semi-erect, with dark green leaves, stout stems, compact plant types, good uniformity, normal fertility, large pollen quantity, strong disease resistance, lodging resistance and cold resistance, outstanding high yield and strong adaptability. Plant height at maturity 180 ~ 2 10 cm, branching position 25 ~ 75~95cm, primary effective branching 8 ~ 12, secondary effective branching 4 ~ 14, main sequence 75~95cm, main sequence angular density/kloc-.
Key points of cultivation techniques of intransitive verbs
1. Timely sowing and transplanting Chuanyou 58 is a double-low medium-mature hybrid rape. When transplanting seedlings, it is suitable to sow in the middle and late September in western Sichuan plain and southern Sichuan. Seeding amount of seedbed is 0.5 ~ 0.8kg/mu, spraying paclobutrazol at five-leaf stage and transplanting in 30 days. During direct seeding cultivation, the sowing date was delayed 10 ~ 15 days.
2. Planting density Chuanyou 58 has many branches and developed secondary branches. According to the sparse soil fertility, we can make full use of the yield-increasing advantages of secondary branches, and transplant 6000-8000 plants per mu at medium fertility level and 5000-7000 plants per mu at high fertility level.
3. Fertilizer and water management Fertilizer and water management is mainly based on base fertilizer, and seedling fertilizer is applied early after transplanting seedlings and topdressing wax fertilizer before winter. Apply foot fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, apply multi-seedling fertilizer early, skillfully apply bud moss fertilizer, and increase boron fertilizer to ensure that the vegetative organs in the early stage of the plant develop well, the roots are deep and leafy, the reproductive organs are branched in the later stage, and there are many fruits, so as not to lose fertilizer and premature aging. The general fertilization amount is pure nitrogen 10 ~ 15 kg/mu, ordinary calcium superphosphate 30 ~ 40 kg/mu, potassium chloride 8 ~ 10 kg/mu, the proportion of base fertilizer is 3∶2, and boron fertilizer is applied at the bottom of transplantation. Sulfur-containing fertilizers are easy to increase the glucosinolate content of high-quality rapeseed and reduce its quality, so the application of sulfur-containing fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate and potassium sulfate in high-quality rapeseed should be put an end to; The application of organic fertilizer made of cruciferous crop straw and horn shell is prone to rape and infectious diseases, and it is not suitable to apply farmyard manure made of cruciferous crop straw.
4. Field management: After transplanting, intertillage and weeding should be done in time to prevent cabbage caterpillar and aphid, and ditch cleaning and drainage should be done in rainy season. Chuanyou 58 is a double-low high-quality rape, so the planting area should be strictly isolated from non-high-quality varieties, and attention should be paid to continuous centralized planting to avoid mixing with other non-high-quality varieties to ensure the double-low quality of rape. When the pod seeds in the middle of the main sequence turn brown, they should be harvested in a sunny morning in time to reduce the loss of fallen seeds.
(Tonglian: ① Sichuan Tianyu Seed Industry Co., Ltd. Chengdu 6 10066② Crop Research Institute of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences)