In the first year of the unification of China (1260), the ten-way propaganda department was set up, and the ambassadors were ordered to select people familiar with farming as local agricultural persuasion officers to supervise and guide agricultural production. In the second year, we set up an agricultural consulting department, with Yao Shu as the chief agricultural officer and eight officials who are good at farming, including Chen Jia, as agricultural consulting ambassadors to investigate the agricultural production in various places. In the first year of Yuan Dynasty (1264), officials were transferred from all over the country, and "increasing household registration and opening up fields" was further regarded as the first two criteria in the five examinations for local officials. In February of the seventh year (1270), the Agriculture Department was established, with Zhongshu Zuocheng Zhang Qian Wen as the senior agriculture department and four inspection departments. In the same year1February, it was renamed the Ministry of Agriculture, led by Yu Shi Cheng Boluo, and each department took charge of its own farming. The farmer "specializes in agriculture, mulberry and water conservancy" is responsible for the assessment of local governors, and the assessment results serve as the basis for the promotion or demotion of governors. Si Nong was also ordered to collect ancient and modern agricultural books, delete complicated abstracts, compile a summary of agriculture and mulberry according to the actual situation, and promulgate it throughout the country to guide agricultural production everywhere.
Two, the protection of cultivated land, it is forbidden to convert cultivated land into pasture.
After Kublai Khan ascended the throne, it was forbidden to occupy private land, and people were sent to clean up the farmland occupied as pasture, and they were told to be owned by the people or to listen to them for farming.
Third, gather farmers to reclaim wasteland and set up wasteland.
In the second year of China's reunification (126 1), the order of "refugees returning to work in China shall be exempted from tax for one year and halved in the following year" was issued. Later, a preferential policy was introduced, which said, "All cultivated land is limited to five years, mulberry planting is relaxed to eight years, and melons and fruits are relaxed to fifteen years." . The Yuan Dynasty also stipulated that wasteland was owned by the state by decree, allowing farmers to reclaim it freely. In the 11th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1274), the Yuan Dynasty distributed thousands of hectares of grazing land along the Shuijing River to the poor for farming, and officials gave cattle farm tools, and harvested 100,000 stones of millet and wheat every year, with millions of bundles of straw and high grain. In the 14th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1277), the law stipulated that wasteland in various places should be claimed by landowners within the prescribed time limit. After the time limit, "no one should be selected, but only those who sow voluntarily should be teachers". There are many wasteland in Huaihe River, and a special imperial edict was issued to encourage reclamation. According to yuan dynasty history's records, there are more than 120 reclamation sites in the world, covering an area of 177000 hectares, all over the country. This is unprecedented in history.
Fourth, reduce taxes to build water conservancy projects.
Yuan Ting reduced or exempted taxes many times to help the victims, so as to reduce the losses caused by famine and help them resume production. The yuan dynasty also set up constant liquidation positions in various places. "Good years, rice is cheap, and officials raise prices; The year is not good, the rice is expensive, and the official is going to reduce the price. " In addition to stabilizing prices, time warehouses are also used to store grain for relief and development of production at any time. At the same time, the Yuan Dynasty also attached great importance to water conservancy construction. The central government set up a water supervision bureau and the local drainage department to "build water conservancy and repair river banks." Where there are major water conservancy projects, temporary institutions such as Hangdu Water Affairs Bureau and Dushui Yongshi are specially set up. At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, the Yellow River burst its banks and was basically repaired in time, and the world-famous Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal was connected.
Fifth, improve rural village-level organizations.
The Yuan government promoted the "hoe cooperatives" spontaneously organized by farmers in some northern areas, which were widely implemented throughout the country and established rural village cooperatives. The president is responsible for "persuading farmers to plant mulberry" and guiding farmers to engage in production, and he himself no longer undertakes corvee. If there are too many victims in society, the two societies will help them. In the sixth year of Zhiyuan (1269), it was stipulated to set up a social warehouse, which was in the charge of the president to help the victims of the society. "Good years, every family has five buckets of millet, and two buckets of millet are driven away. If there is no millet, it will be given to the victims when the years are not good. " There are a lot of social warehouses all over the country. According to the Records of Zhenjiang in Shunzhi, there are 69 roads in Zhenjiang alone.