PPP fund model:
According to the different fund sponsors, PPP industrial funds are mainly divided into three modes:
1, the provincial government invested to set up a guiding fund, and then attracted financial institutions to cooperate to set up a PPP industrial fund parent fund. After the PPP projects declared by local governments have been audited by financial institutions, local finance will be regarded as the inferior level of LP, and the parent fund will be regarded as the priority of LP. Under this model, the government will generally provide invisible guarantees to financial institutions.
2. Limited partnership funds are initiated and established by financial institutions in conjunction with local governments. General financial institutions take LP priority, local state-owned enterprises or platform companies take LP inferior level, and equity investment managers designated by financial institutions take GP.
3. Industrial investment funds are initiated and established by industrial capital with construction and operation capabilities. After signing a framework agreement with the government, industrial capital will set up a limited partnership fund docking project through financial institutions such as United Bank. Industrial capital and banking fund companies jointly set up industrial fund management company as GP, banking fund company as LP priority A, local government designated platform company as LP priority B, and industrial capital as LP inferior level.
As mainstream financial institutions, banks, securities companies and trust companies are the main providers of funds for PPP projects, and they participate in PPP projects in different ways.
An example of PPP fund in China
From 2065438 to September 2005, the Ministry of Finance, together with China Construction Bank, Postal Savings Bank, Agricultural Bank, Bank of China, China Everbright Group, Bank of Communications, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, CITIC Group, National Social Security Fund Council, Life Insurance and other institutions 10, initiated the establishment of China PPP financing support fund, focusing on supporting the development of PPP projects in public services and improving project financing.
The PPP development fund of 80 billion yuan in Shandong Province is jointly funded by the government guidance fund and financial and social capital. The investment return of the development fund comes from the equity dividend income and equity transfer value-added income of the invested PPP projects, the interest income generated by the creditor's rights investment of PPP projects, the income generated by the use of funds between stable financial products and other legitimate income.
The PPP Investment Guidance Fund in Sichuan Province is funded by the finance, and it is expected to incite social capital participation with 1: 5. The Sichuan Provincial Department of Finance is responsible for identifying the PPP attribute of the proposed project, and does not support projects that do not meet the PPP characteristics.
In addition to PPP funds initiated by local finance, many provincial investment companies have also set up PPP funds. For example, from 2065438 to July 2005, Henan Investment Group established a PPP development investment fund with a total scale of10 billion yuan. 2065438+In September 2005, Sichuan Chuantou Group established the first PPP project investment fund in Sichuan. The initial scale of the fund is10 billion yuan, with Sichuan Investment contributing 3 billion yuan, aiming to reach 30 billion yuan in 3-5 years.
Problems existing in PPP fund
From the above PPP funds, we can see the following problems:
First, the regional distribution is uneven, and the amount varies greatly. There are 14 PPP funds in Shandong, and PPP funds in the eastern region account for more than 60%. The amount is even different. The amount raised by Xinjiang PPP guiding fund is 654.38+000 billion, and the investment fund of Guizhou public and social capital cooperative industry is 500 million.
The second is the concentration of investment fields. From the perspective of investment, PPP funds are concentrated in the fields of transportation, water conservancy and public facilities. Only one fund is invested in people's livelihood. Among the 38 funds, there are 26 infrastructure funds, accounting for nearly 50%, of which Xinjiang PPP fund is FOF fund.
Third, the cooperation between the government and large financial institutions and large state-owned enterprises is still the main body. For example, the Xinjiang PPP Guidance Fund is an agreement signed by the Xinjiang Autonomous Region Government with China Merchants Bank and Shanghai Pudong Development Bank. The initial scale of the fund is 654.38+00 billion yuan, of which the local government in Xinjiang contributed 654.38+00 billion yuan, and China Merchants Bank and Shanghai Pudong Development Bank contributed 45 billion yuan respectively. Among the local listed companies in Xinjiang, Bohai Leasing, Xinjiang Zhonghe and TBEA attended the meeting. Several other funds with higher raised funds are also in a similar situation.
Fourth, there is no clear mode of operation. Among the 38 established PPP funds, few have issued their fund products, and the operation mode of the fund has not been explained. Compared with the past, most of their establishment models are still limited to the change of financing methods. PPP is not only a financing mode, but also a management mode. However, there is no clear answer to the innovation of the above-mentioned PPP fund management model compared with the previous government financing platform.