1, what is the basis of agricultural reclamation reform?
Ensure the safety of food and strategic materials.
At present, agricultural reclamation has become an economic and social system with integrated management of agriculture, industry and commerce, comprehensive development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries, and complete facilities for science, education, culture and health. Heilongjiang reclamation area has become a famous "national granary". Xinjiang Corps and Guangdong and Hainan reclamation areas contributed national strategic materials such as cotton, sugar and rubber, and a large number of leading enterprises such as Shounong, Guangming and Wandashan emerged.
It can be used at critical moments.
No matter in the arduous pioneering work of developing the Great Northern Wilderness, advancing into the Gobi Desert, and opening up rubber plantations, or in the struggle to defend national sovereignty and territorial integrity, as well as in emergencies such as the SARS epidemic and the Wenchuan earthquake, the state farms have resolutely and successfully implemented the instructions of the state, played a well-deserved role in the national team, and become an important force that the state can grasp and use at critical moments.
Top-level design releases the vitality of agricultural reclamation
The resource and environmental constraints of China's agricultural development are increasingly strengthened, and the task of ensuring national food security and effective supply of important agricultural products is even more arduous, and the pressure of maintaining harmony and stability in the border areas is obviously enhanced. Agricultural reclamation has advanced productivity and unique organizational advantages. In the new era, it is extremely urgent to speed up the reform and development of agricultural reclamation and give play to its important role in the overall economic and social development of the country. However, there are some problems in the agricultural reclamation, such as ineffective management mechanism, heavy social burden, imperfect management system, imperfect policy guarantee system, and difficulties in production and operation of some state-owned farms. It is necessary to design the reform and development of agricultural reclamation from the central level.
2. What is the orientation of agricultural reclamation reform?
Three main functions
Ensure the safety of national grain and important agricultural products-Heilongjiang and other large grain-producing reclamation areas should strengthen the construction of comprehensive grain production capacity; Hainan, Guangdong and other reclamation areas should strengthen the construction of natural rubber production bases; Jiangsu and other reclamation areas should build domestic first-class seed industry enterprise groups.
Reclamation areas ensure grain supply and market stability in important cities-Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and other reclamation areas should improve the production and supply capacity of grain and "vegetable basket" products to ensure the market stability of major urban agricultural products.
Border farms in reclamation areas ensure national border stability and ecological sustainable development-Xinjiang and other reclamation areas should play a good role in maintaining stability and guarding the border and resisting the invasion of alien pests; Ecological protection should be strengthened in reclamation areas such as Hubei and farms along rivers and lakes.
Four new directions
A "national team" to ensure national food security and effective supply of important agricultural products. Agricultural reclamation bears a more important historical mission in ensuring national food security and effective supply of important agricultural products.
"Demonstration Zone" of New Agricultural Modernization with China Characteristics. Land reclamation should not only take the lead in realizing agricultural modernization, but also demonstrate and lead the process of agricultural modernization.
The "vanguard" of agricultural foreign cooperation. Agricultural reclamation should play a pioneering role in agricultural going out and drive other agricultural management main groups to go out.
The "stabilizer" for fixing the border and Xinjiang. A large number of state-owned farms located in border areas have been playing a unique role in building and defending border areas. The integration of agriculture, army and agriculture continues to play a special role in border anti-terrorism, combating the infiltration of hostile forces abroad, as well as drug control and interception of exotic animal and plant diseases.
3. What is the direction of agricultural reclamation reform?
One direction, two key points and six tasks
One direction: adhere to the direction of socialist market economy reform; Two key points: development should focus on ensuring food security and effective supply of important agricultural products, and reform should focus on promoting the reform of enterprise and collectivization of farms in reclamation areas; Six tasks: to build a modern agricultural base, large enterprises and large industries, and to enhance the endogenous motivation, development vitality and overall strength of agricultural reclamation.
Stick to the three bottom lines
We must never change the state-owned agricultural economy. Strictly prevent the loss of state-owned resources and assets and strengthen the state-owned agricultural economy.
Agriculture must not be weakened. Adhere to agriculture-oriented, extend and build the whole industrial chain of modern agriculture.
We must never downsize. Adhere to moderate scale operation, consolidate and enhance the traditional advantages of agricultural reclamation.
Lock in three major goals
Reform goal: improve the modern enterprise system of reclamation area group, enhance the competitiveness of the group, and accelerate the construction of a modern agricultural enterprise group with international competitiveness.
Development goal: The development level of leading industries such as agricultural reclamation grain is leading in the country, and the output and commodity volume account for a certain proportion of the country. Focusing on leading industries such as grain, cotton, sugar, rubber, milk and seeds, we will speed up the construction of a stable and reliable large-scale production and supply base nationwide; Accelerate the formation of a perfect modern agricultural industrial system integrating technology research and development, personnel training, material equipment, infrastructure, quality and safety, and build the whole agricultural industrial chain.
The goal of improving people's livelihood: broaden the channels of getting rich and increasing income in many ways, and promote the synchronous growth of income level and economic development; Promote the development of new urbanization in reclamation areas, do a good job in infrastructure construction such as roads, drinking water, power supply and renovation of dangerous houses, and establish and improve public services such as education, science, culture and health.
4. What is the content of agricultural reclamation reform?
Collectivization is the leading direction of reform.
Among the 35 reclamation areas in China, 17 reclamation area has realized the collectivized management system, and 18 reclamation area has implemented the non-collectivized management system. The situation between reclamation areas is very different, allowing diversified development paths, but they should all adhere to the leading direction of collectivization reform.
Adhere to the direction of separating social enterprises.
To promote the enterprise reform of state-owned farms, we must put the reform of running social functions in place, adhere to the direction of separating running social enterprises, and promote the enterprise production and management of state-owned farms and the localization of social management.
Combination of unified management and household contract
Adhere to the two-tier agricultural management system based on the family management of employees, with large farms coordinating small farms. Strengthen the unified management function of state-owned farms, especially the management function of state-owned farms in infrastructure construction, and solve the problems that family management can't do, can't do well and can't do economically.
Build a new employment system and crack down on who will farm the land.
Increase employment and entrepreneurship policy support and establish a promotion mechanism for agricultural employees; Improve the system of employee recruitment and training, and establish a market-oriented employment system with the labor contract system as the core; Encourage and guide employees' children to take root in farm farming.
Incorporate into the national social security system as a whole.
In the future, according to the principle of territorial management, agricultural reclamation workers and residents will be included in the corresponding social security and social assistance system; Finance at all levels should increase financial subsidies to agricultural reclamation enterprises and individual employees.
"Three Stricts" Manage State-owned Land Well
It is strictly forbidden to recover the state-owned land use right of agricultural reclamation without authorization, strictly implement the land use control system, and severely investigate and deal with unauthorized changes in land use and illegal occupation of agricultural reclamation land; Accelerate the demarcation of permanent basic farmland, promote the registration and certification of state-owned land in agricultural reclamation and the capitalization and capitalization of land resources in agricultural reclamation, and carry out pilot projects of mortgage guarantee for the right to use state-owned agricultural land in agricultural reclamation.
5. How to promote the reform of agricultural reclamation?
Implement the overall planning of local responsibility construction.
Party committees and governments at all levels should study and formulate specific implementation plans to promote the reform and development of agricultural reclamation; Relevant state departments should support the pilot projects in some reclamation areas, sum up experience and speed up the progress; Ensure that agricultural reclamation enjoys the equal support of various national policies, incorporate agricultural reclamation into the economic and social development plan at the same level and implement it simultaneously, and cannot exclude agricultural reclamation for any reason.
Increase financial input to agricultural reclamation.
Not only the policy of supporting the reform of state-owned enterprises should be used in agricultural reclamation, but also the policy of strengthening agriculture and benefiting farmers should cover agricultural reclamation. The financial department should fully incorporate the agricultural reclamation into the coverage of the national policy of strengthening agriculture, benefiting farmers and improving people's livelihood. The financial sector should support qualified agricultural reclamation enterprises to go public for financing, and conditional reclamation areas should develop village banks and expand the coverage of agricultural insurance.
Land reclamation management departments should simplify administration and decentralize power.
At present, there are two main types of land reclamation management departments. When the collectivized agricultural reclamation area is transformed into an enterprise group, it retains the brand of provincial agricultural reclamation management institutions and undertakes the administrative and social management functions of agricultural reclamation areas; Non-collectivized reclamation areas have administrative or institutional agricultural reclamation management institutions at the provincial level, which mainly perform industry guidance and service functions. Land reclamation management departments should further simplify administration and decentralize power, and shall not disband, decentralize or revoke state-owned farms without authorization. Changes in the system such as merger, division and adjustment of state-owned farms should seek the opinions of higher-level land reclamation management departments.
Cultivate a team of high-quality talents
Strengthen the introduction and training of agricultural reclamation management talents, cultivate outstanding entrepreneurs who understand the market, are good at management and know how to manage, and create a team of high-quality cadres and workers who love and devote themselves to the cause of agricultural reclamation. Establish and improve the training system focusing on family farmers, large contractors and agricultural machinery operators, and comprehensively improve the ability and quality of employees.
Carry forward the spirit of agricultural reclamation
Farming culture is an important part of China's socialist culture. Especially the spirit of hard work, accompanied by the whole process of agricultural development. It is necessary to combine the construction of farming culture with the construction of modern enterprise system and the reform of farming system to form the spirit of keeping pace with the times and pioneering and innovating.
6. How to realize agricultural modernization first?
Building a large-scale agricultural product production base
Accelerate the construction of a number of national production bases for bulk agricultural products such as grain, cotton, sugar, latex and meat with high commodity rate and safe product quality; Encourage agricultural reclamation enterprises to form a close interest linkage mechanism with farmers through land custody, generation of farming and collection, and joint-stock cooperation. Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia reclamation areas should build stable and reliable large-scale commodity grain bases; Xinjiang Corps should build high-quality cotton and agricultural products bases; Beijing and other suburban reclamation areas should be built into main and non-staple food supply bases in big cities; Guangdong and other hot agricultural reclamation areas should build rubber sugar base.
Fill in the shortcomings of agricultural products processing and circulation
Agricultural products processing and circulation industry is the biggest shortcoming that agricultural reclamation needs to catch up with. It is necessary to establish the whole agricultural industrial chain from field to table, strengthen the construction of grain drying, drying and storage facilities, and accelerate the development of circulation formats such as cold chain logistics, e-commerce and chain operation. Guided by government funds, we will set up an equity investment fund for the development of strategic industries in agricultural reclamation to promote joint ventures in grain and other industries.
Plug in the wings of technological innovation
Agricultural reclamation should promote the innovation of agricultural science and technology system, set up an agricultural industrial technology innovation alliance with enterprises as the main body, and strengthen the construction of agricultural technology extension service system in agricultural reclamation. Agricultural reclamation plays an important role in the production and supply of commodity seeds of grain crops in China. It is necessary to integrate resources to become bigger and stronger and promote integrated seed enterprises. Accelerate the application demonstration of "internet plus" and Daejeon Internet of Things.
Do a good job of "experimental field" and "pioneer"
Agricultural reclamation should demonstrate and drive rural farmers to develop modern agriculture and play the role of "experimental field" and "pioneer". It is necessary to test and demonstrate new agricultural technologies, new equipment and new modes of production and operation; Popularize agricultural socialized services and develop business models such as "company+state-owned farm+family farm" to drive farmers to increase their income.
Low cost drives farmers to become citizens.
Small towns centered on state-owned farms have become an important carrier to absorb population, gather industries and promote the integration of urban and rural development. Through enterprise operation, small towns in agricultural reclamation can have industries, employment and entrepreneurship, which can drive the surrounding farmers to realize rapid professionalization and low-cost citizenization and realize the transformation from "urbanization of land" to "urbanization of people".
"going out" to expand the industrial base
It is necessary to rely on large enterprise groups to implement the strategy of driving large projects and promote the global layout of agricultural resources, terminal markets and warehousing and logistics networks, especially the layout of the "Belt and Road" region. Consolidate and expand overseas industrial bases around leading industries such as grain gum and lactose.
Support farm construction in weak areas
Support border farms to accelerate the development of characteristic industries, border trade and border tourism, and increase the income of employees through multiple channels; Through development-oriented poverty alleviation, cultivate leading industries and improve the quality of human resources.