1. Promoting the balanced development of trade

Trade is the initial form of China-Africa economic and trade cooperation. With the development of China-Africa relations and the increase of exchanges, the scale of China-Africa trade is expanding day by day. In 195, the bilateral trade volume between China and Africa was only US$ 12.14 million, reached US$ 1 million in 196 and exceeded US$ 1 billion in 198. After reaching tens of billions of dollars in 2, China-Africa trade showed a rapid growth momentum. In 28, it exceeded $1 billion, of which China exported $5.8 billion to Africa and imported $56 billion from Africa. From 2 to 28, the average annual growth rate of China-Africa trade was as high as 33.5%, and its share in China's total foreign trade rose from 2.2% to 4.2%, and its share in Africa's total foreign trade rose from 3.8% to 1.4%. In 29, despite the impact of the international financial crisis, China-Africa trade volume dropped to 91.7 billion US dollars, but China became Africa's largest trading partner for the first time that year. With the recovery of the world economy, China-Africa trade has shown a good recovery and development trend. From January to November 21, the trade volume between China and Africa reached US$ 114.81 billion, a year-on-year increase of 43.5%.

At the same time of scale expansion, China-Africa trade structure has been gradually optimized, and products with comparative advantages from both sides have successively entered each other's markets. From 198s to 199s, China's exports to Africa were mainly light industry, food, chemical industry and native animal products. Since 2, the export of mechanical and electrical products such as mechanical equipment, automobiles and electronic products has increased significantly, and the quality and technical content of goods have been greatly improved. At present, the proportion of mechanical and electrical products in China's exports to Africa has exceeded 5%. In terms of African exports to China, cotton, phosphate and other primary products were once the main commodities. In recent years, African manufactured products such as steel, copper, fertilizer and electronic products have entered the China market one after another. At the same time, the export growth of African agricultural products to China accelerated. Egyptian citrus, South African wine, Ghana's cocoa beans, Uganda's coffee, Tunisia's olive oil, Ethiopian sesame and other specialty products have gradually become familiar and loved by China consumers. Affected by the international financial crisis, China's imports from Africa declined in 29, but its imports of agricultural products increased by 25%.

over the years, China has followed the principle of mutual benefit, promoted trade facilitation and promoted the comprehensive, comprehensive and balanced development of China-Africa trade. China has signed bilateral trade agreements with 45 African countries to strengthen cooperation in customs, taxation, inspection and quarantine, and create favorable conditions for the development of China-Africa trade. In order to support African countries to expand their exports to China, since 25, China has granted zero-tariff treatment to some African least developed countries that have established diplomatic relations with China. As of July, 21, the beneficiary commodities have expanded to more than 4,7 tax items, and will gradually cover 95% of all tax items in the Import and Export Tariff of the People's Republic of China. Driven by the zero tariff policy, the export of African beneficiary commodities to China has grown rapidly. From 25 to the end of June 21, China has imported 1.32 billion US dollars of African goods under the zero-tariff treatment, including agricultural products, leather, stone, textiles and clothing, machine parts, base metals and wood products. China also helps African enterprises to explore the China market by holding African commodity exhibitions, setting up African product exhibition centers and providing preferential and convenient measures such as booth fee reduction and exemption.

At present, China and Africa are both in the process of industrialization and urbanization, with strong market demand, and China-Africa trade has great potential. As far as China is concerned, the export of African crude oil, minerals, steel products and agricultural products to China has played a positive role in promoting China's economic development and improving people's living standards. As far as Africa is concerned, China's products and technologies meet the needs of Africa's development, and China's huge market also provides broad space for African products. In particular, China's sustained and rapid economic development has provided a stable export market for African resource products. At the same time, good quality and low price goods from China can help improve the living standards of African people and help some African countries to control and alleviate inflation.

Second, expand the field of mutual investment

China's investment in African countries began in the 198s, and the initial stage was generally small. After entering the 199s, the scale of China's investment in Africa has gradually expanded, the fields have been continuously broadened, and the ways have become increasingly diverse. Since 2, driven by the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation, China's investment in Africa has grown rapidly, gradually forming a diversified investment pattern. At the same time, African investment in China has become increasingly active, and a number of African enterprises have developed and grown in the China market.

In recent years, China's investment in Africa has shown new characteristics. First, rapid growth. At the end of 23, the stock of China's direct investment in Africa was 49 million US dollars, while by the end of 29, the stock of China's direct investment in Africa had greatly increased to 9.33 billion US dollars. Second, it is widely distributed. China's investment in Africa is distributed in 49 African countries, mainly to South Africa, Nigeria, Zambia, Sudan, Algeria, Egypt and other countries. Third, the field is rich. Mainly involved in mining, finance, manufacturing, construction, tourism, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery. Fourth, there are various ways. In addition to sole proprietorship and joint venture, the ways of equity participation, mergers and acquisitions, and joint ventures with third-country enterprises to develop resources are gradually increasing. Fifth, the subject is diverse. Large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises, private enterprises and self-employed people all invest in Africa, each with its own strengths and mutual benefits.

China government encourages and supports China enterprises with strength and good reputation to expand their investment in Africa, and takes measures to guide them, which has played an obvious driving role. First, create a good investment environment by signing agreements and other means. Up to now, China has signed bilateral investment promotion and protection agreements with 33 African countries and double taxation avoidance agreements with 11 African countries, creating conditions for cooperation between Chinese and African enterprises. The second is the establishment of china-africa development fund. This fund is an equity fund set up by financial institutions in China to support domestic enterprises' investment in Africa. Since its establishment three years ago, it has decided to invest in more than 3 projects, involving agricultural development, machinery manufacturing, electric power, building materials, industrial parks, mining, port logistics and other fields. At present, the first-phase quota of 1 billion US dollars has been arranged and will be gradually expanded to 5 billion US dollars. The third is to promote the construction of overseas economic and trade cooperation zones. With the support of both governments, China enterprises will develop the infrastructure in the cooperation zone, and be responsible for attracting investment, attracting Chinese and foreign enterprises to settle in and gradually forming industrial clusters. At present, China is building six economic and trade cooperation zones in African countries such as Zambia, Mauritius, Nigeria, Egypt and Ethiopia, and has invested 25 million US dollars in the infrastructure construction of the parks. Zambia-China Economic and Trade Cooperation Zone is the first overseas economic and trade cooperation zone established by China in Africa. At present, 13 enterprises have been introduced, involving mining, exploration, non-ferrous metal processing, chemical industry, construction and other fields, with a real investment of 6 million US dollars, providing more than 6, local jobs.

African countries are rich in resources, and development cooperation in the field of resources is an important part of China-Africa investment cooperation. In recent years, some enterprises in China have actively participated in the development of resources in Africa in accordance with the principle of mutual benefit and development, helping African countries to develop resource processing industries, improve the added value of resources, and turn resource advantages into the driving force of social and economic development. In cooperation, China enterprises strictly abide by international rules, adopt open, transparent and various forms of cooperation, and develop and utilize resources together with African countries and international enterprises. China enterprises' investment in this field has broadened the sources of funds for Africa's development, enhanced the value of resources, and promoted local infrastructure construction and economic development, which has won wide welcome from local governments and people. For example, enterprises from China, Malaysia and other countries cooperated with Sudan to develop oil resources, which helped Sudan establish a modern oil industry system with upstream and downstream integration, thus greatly increasing Sudan's fiscal revenue and playing an important role in improving people's lives.

in the course of non-enterprise operation, China pays attention to handling the relationship with local people, insists on operating according to law, being honest and trustworthy, strengthens resource conservation and environmental protection, implements "localization" operation, employs a large number of local employees, actively promotes the independent development ability of the host country, and contributes to the local economic development while accelerating its own development. For example, China's mining enterprises in Zambia not only invested in the construction of smelters to improve the utilization efficiency of local copper resources, but also promised after the international financial crisis that "one ton of output will not be reduced, one employee will not be laid off, and one investment will not be reduced", making it the only one of the seven foreign-funded mining enterprises in the country that has not reduced production or laid off employees.

in recent years, with the development of African economy and the expansion of China's market potential, African enterprises have become increasingly active in investing in China. Among them, Mauritius, South Africa, Seychelles, Nigeria, Tunisia and so on are major African countries investing in China. South African companies set up a joint venture beer enterprises in China, * * * operates nearly 7 breweries. The chemical fertilizer enterprise jointly established by Tunisia and China enterprises in China has become one of the large-scale compound fertilizer production bases in China. By the end of 29, African countries had invested a total of 9.93 billion US dollars in China, involving petrochemical industry, machinery and electronics, transportation and communication, light household appliances, clothing and textiles, biopharmaceuticals, agricultural development, entertainment and catering, real estate and other fields. Africa's investment in China reflects the complementary advantages, which also drives China's commodity exports to Africa and other regions.

Third, attach importance to infrastructure construction

Backward infrastructure is a bottleneck restricting the development of many African countries, and infrastructure construction is one of the key areas of China-Africa economic and trade cooperation. China attaches great importance to supporting African countries to improve their infrastructure conditions, and helps African countries to build infrastructure such as houses, roads, bridges, railways, airports, ports, communications, electricity, water supply and drainage, hospitals, etc. through aid, project contracting, investment cooperation and expanded financing, which has a positive impact on Africa's development. China encourages and supports China enterprises to participate in infrastructure construction in African countries, and requires enterprises to honor contracts, keep promises and complete project construction with good quality.

over the years, China has assisted African countries to build a large number of infrastructure projects. In the 197s, when its own economy was still very difficult, China aided the construction of the Tanzania-Zambia Railway with a length of more than 1,86 kilometers, which became a historical witness of China's selfless assistance to Africa. China-aided Cairo International Conference Center, with a total construction area of 58, square meters, holds hundreds of international conferences and exhibitions every year, which promotes the development of local commerce and tourism. By the end of 29, China had built more than 5 infrastructure projects in Africa, and the larger projects included Wen-Blau Highway in Bailette, Friendship Port in Mauritania, MaiGerde-Benjiao Canal in Tunisia and Tanzanian National Stadium. A number of projects such as the African Union Conference Center are being aided.

in order to support African countries to improve infrastructure conditions, the China government has provided a large number of preferential loans and supported China financial institutions to expand the scale of commercial loans to Africa. Especially since the establishment of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation, China has continuously increased its financing for Africa. From 27 to 29, China provided $5 billion in preferential loans and preferential export buyer's credit to Africa. From 21 to 212, China plans to provide $1 billion in concessional loans to Africa. Large-scale projects under construction supported by preferential loans include Mauritius Airport, Malabo Residence in Equatorial Guinea and Buwei Hydropower Station in Ghana.

according to the international rules, China engineering enterprises bid for projects in Africa, and built a large number of infrastructure with good quality and low cost, which is urgently needed in Africa. From houses and roads to airports, oil refineries, telecommunication networks and hydropower stations, the technical content of the project has been continuously improved and its scale has been continuously expanded; From bidding by a single enterprise to bidding by establishing an international enterprise consortium, China enterprises have demonstrated their strength, accumulated experience, trained talents and improved their international operation ability in Africa. Large-scale projects built by enterprises in China include Sheraton Algerian Hotel, Ethiopian National Telecommunication Network, Lowe Dam in Suddenmark, etc. Large-scale projects under construction include social housing in Angola, coastal railway in Libya and light rail in Lagos, Nigeria.

China enterprises take the initiative to assume social responsibilities and actively engage in public welfare undertakings that benefit local people, which has won full affirmation and positive evaluation from the host government and the public. China enterprises donated money to build roads, bridges, wells, hospitals and schools in African countries, and also donated materials to make positive contributions to the development of local communities. For example, China's public welfare undertakings in Sudan have benefited more than 2 million people. The Sino-Nigerian Friendship Primary School donated in Nigeria has eased the pressure on basic education in 3 local villages, and vocational training centers built in Angola, Libya and other countries have trained a large number of students.

IV. Strengthening capacity building for development

Development is the most urgent problem facing Africa, and the lack of technology and talents is an important factor restricting Africa's development. The Government of China attaches great importance to Africa's development capacity building, and strives to help African countries improve their hematopoietic function by cooperating with African countries in human resources development and sending foreign aid experts and young volunteers to Africa.

strengthen educational exchanges and cooperation. China and Africa have carried out fruitful educational cooperation and trained a large number of talents for Africa. By the end of 29, China had provided assistance to build 17 schools in Africa and provided government scholarships to 29,465 African students. At present, the government of China provides about 5, scholarships to African countries every year. China has also strengthened cooperation with African countries in higher education, vocational education and distance education, and established specialized laboratories in Africa, such as biology, computer, analytical chemistry, food preservation and processing, horticulture and civil engineering.

conduct management and technical training. China helps Africa to cultivate management and technical talents in various ways. As of June 21, China has trained more than 3, people for African countries, covering more than 2 fields such as economy, public administration, agriculture, animal husbandry and fishery, health care, science and technology, and environmental protection. In addition, China has trained a large number of skilled technicians in non-enterprises by establishing training centers, on-the-job training and sending outstanding employees to China for training.

conduct practical technical training. China has carried out practical technical training in planting, aquaculture, fishery, weaving, embroidery and leather processing in many African countries. For example, China held several training courses on bamboo and rattan weaving technology for Liberian refugees, dropouts and poor farmers after the war, which promoted the development of local bamboo and rattan industry. By selling self-made products, the students in the bamboo and rattan weaving training class can earn up to 15 dollars a month, which effectively improves their living conditions.

sending foreign aid experts and young volunteers. By the end of 29, China had sent 14 senior agricultural technical experts to 33 African countries to help them make agricultural development plans and carry out agricultural technical guidance and training. Send experts to guide the production and operation of aid-aided projects in China, train local managers, and help African countries master the ability to manage projects independently. China has also cooperated with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and signed Tripartite Agreements on South-South Cooperation with Mauritania, Ghana, Ethiopia, Gabon, Sierra Leone, Mali, Nigeria and other countries, sending more than 6 China agricultural experts and technicians to these countries. By the end of 29, China had sent 312 young volunteers to Africa, providing volunteer services in Chinese teaching, medical and health care, physical education, computer training and international rescue.

V. Help improve people's livelihood

Improve public facilities, solve food problems,