The Origin of "Application" and "Shanghai"

Shanghai, referred to as "Shanghai" for short, "sank about 6000 years ago, and now the west of Shanghai has become land, and the east has been land for 2000 years. According to legend, during the Spring and Autumn Period, once the feudal State of Chu was in a state of solidarity, and Shanghai was nicknamed Shen. In the 4th and 5th centuries A.D., Songjiang (now Suzhou River) and coastal residents in Jin Dynasty mostly made a living by fishing. They created a bamboo fishing tool called Hu, because the river at that time flowed into the ditch in the lower reaches of Songjiang, so it was called Hu Gou, and later it was changed to Hu Shanghai. history

BC223。 Huiji County, which was destroyed by Chu in Yuan Qin Dynasty, governs Miao County, Youquan County and Haiyan County in Huiji District of Suzhou. Bartholomew County, Jiading District, Shanghai County, Qingpu County, Songjiang County and some urban areas. Today, Jiading County has a city and countryside named after Xin Wei. At the time of Qin Shihuang, a vast chidao reaching Xianyang, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu and Shanghai was built. According to historical records, the tunnel is 50 steps wide, planting trees 1, every three people. Chidao, crossing the northwest of Songjiang, "Wucheng District, Qiaoxi City, gutang, Qingpu". In 2 10 BC, Qin Shihuang led Li Si, the prime minister, Hu Huan, a civil servant and a military commander to the south, Xijing in Songjiang, Nandi in Qingpu District, Hengshan and Kunshan, and people paddled in the bustling water rights transaction, which shows that the city has not yet formed.

In 207 BC, in the Han Dynasty, the Miao County Government of Bacelo was located in Louxian County. In Haiyan County, Jinshan County, Han Feng and Liu Ying today, boiled seawater salt, which is said to be bulk salt with good quality and quantity, has been shipped to Wudu (Suzhou) for distribution. Haiyan County is developing, and Boxing County is also developing. Part of the dry settlement phenomenon exists, part of the sea salt is degraded, and the water in Toby Lake basin becomes a fist. Around the second year of Emperor Han Ping, Haiyan County was forced to move south.

BR/>； Shanxi and Shanghai mainly rely on the profits from fishing and salt, and their economies are quite developed. In the first year of Datong in Nanliang (585), Qingpu County, the former geographical group of Haiyan County, was divided into the habitats of southern Kunshan, Jingxian County, Haiyan County and Jianhua Ting County in the northeast of Jiaxing City. Songjiang County, the county government in Tianbao for 5 years (746). Qinglong Town is located in the northeast of Qingpu, Wusong County, and Qinglong Town, Xiahuating County was originally the anchorage of warships built by Wu of the Three Kingdoms. Qinglong Port is the starting point of the lower reaches of Wusong River and a new port for foreign trade in Tang Dynasty. Marine ships can not only reach coastal and inland cities, but also directly enter Japan and South Korea.

The change of Huating County in the early Song Dynasty was related to the eastern part of Huating County in Jiaxing and the two Zhejiang countries in Xiuzhou District of Jiaxing City. The beach has become an important salt field, and intensive Haoran ships talk about shooting "increasingly developed business". In the first year of Song Xuanhe (1 1 19), the dredging of Songjiang Waterway and Qinglong Town was further developed. According to Mei, a poet in the Song Dynasty, there are three snack kiosks, seven pagodas, thirteen temples, twenty small bridges, thirty-six squares and one hundred million fireworks in Qinglong Town, which Fitch calls "Little Hangzhou". "Qinglong Town was so prosperous. At that time, Shanghai, the mouth of Huating, was still a desolate fishing village. Later, due to the silt in the lower reaches of the shallow Wusong River, Qinglong Town, once prosperous, gradually lost its position as a water port in the Yangtze River Delta, becoming increasingly depressed and left out.

In (l068-l077), with the new theory put forward, the trade center moved to the northeast of Huating, forming a settlement, and developed from a fishing village with a certain scale into a small town. In the third year of Xianchun in the Southern Song Dynasty (1267), it was formally established in this city and sent to the west of Shanghai Pu, so it was called "Shanghai Town". In the 14th year of Yuan Dynasty (L277), Zhenhai Affairs was established in Shanghai, with seven maritime bureaus in Guangzhou, Quanzhou, Wenzhou, Hangzhou, Qingyuan and Ganpu. Bos yamen was located in the later Bengbu county government, now Bengbu Road, Fangbang South and Xiaodongmen.

On 28th (L29 1), the "Shanghai County" was formally established, which was the beginning of Shanghai. In the Ming dynasty, commercial restaurants in Shanghai were everywhere, so Shanghai became a famous city in southeast China. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, the history of Shanghai towns gradually formed the scale of Shanghai today. Modern Times

/kloc-in the 0/6th century (mid-Ming Dynasty), Shanghai became the center of cotton textile and handicraft industry. 1685 (20th year of Kangxi), the Qing government was established in Shanghai Customs. /kloc-In the middle of the 0/9th century, Shanghai has become a bustling port with merchants. After the Opium War, colonial Shanghai opened the port of EZ. In the next hundred years, imperialist China and Shanghai invaded by foreign powers will be the main strongholds of political, economic and cultural aggression. 1949 On May 27th, in Shanghai, liberation with glorious revolutionary tradition began to give birth to a new city.

historical changes

After the liberation of Shanghai, the development history of Shanghai has opened a new chapter. Under the leadership of the Production Party of China, after 50 years of hard struggle, a fundamentally changed and deformed semi-colonial and semi-feudal old Shanghainese has undergone profound changes in economy and society. With the continuous strengthening of reform and opening up in Shanghai, especially since 1978, the people of Shanghai have carried forward a strong entrepreneurial spirit, emancipated their minds, kept pace with the times, and dared to explore, creating a big city road with China characteristics, which embodies the new road with characteristics, times and development characteristics. Historical changes have taken place in all fields of Shanghai's economic and social development, and it has become the largest economic center and national history of China.

location

3 1 degree 14 minutes, north latitude, east longitude 12 1 degree 29 minutes, located on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean, along the Yangtze River Delta in the east of Asian continent, east of China East Sea, south of Hangzhou Bay, west of Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and at the mouth of the Yangtze River basin and the East China Sea in the north. Although China is a good port in the middle section of the north-south arc coastline with convenient transportation, vast hinterland and superior geographical position.

climate

The north subtropical monsoon climate has four distinct seasons, abundant sunshine and rainfall. Shanghai has a mild and humid climate, with short spring and autumn and long winter and summer. In 2004, the annual average temperature 18. 1℃, sunshine 1929.6 hours, rain 1 158. 1 mm ... In this year, about 50% of the rainfall is concentrated in the flood season.

area of land

What was the land area of Shanghai in the early days of liberation? 636 square kilometers. 1958, Jiading, Baoshan, Shanghai, Songjiang, Jinshan, Chuansha, Nanhui, Fengxian, Qingpu, Chongming and other counties in Jiangsu Province 10 expanded in Shanghai. 59 10 square kilometer, almost twice as much as 10 in the early days of liberation. By the end of 2004, the land area of Shanghai was 6,340.5 square kilometers, accounting for 0.06% of the national land area? The whole country is about 120km, from north to south and from east to west, 100km. District? 5299.29 square kilometers, county area? 1, 04 1.2 1 km2. Including Chongming Island, what are the areas of Chongming, Changxing and Hengsha in these three islands? 1, 04 1.2 1 km2 is the third largest island in China.

hydrology

There are many rivers and lakes in Shanghai, which is rich in water resources. It is a famous territorial sea of 697 square kilometers in the south of the Yangtze River, equivalent to a city with a total area of 1 1%. Most of the river networks in Shanghai are Huangpu River and Suzhou River, Huangpu River and its tributaries, Chuanyang River and Dianpu River. Huangpu River is 1 13km away from the shore of Taihu Lake, and flows through the urban area, with a river width of 300-770 m, with an average of 360m m.. There is no ice all year round, and Shanghai's waterways are good. Suzhou River in Shanghai is 54 kilometers long and has an average width of 45 meters. The lakes in Shanghai are concentrated at the junction of the west, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and depression. What is the largest lake and its area? 62 square kilometers.

zone

Except for several hills in the southwest of Shanxi, the territory is a broad and flat plain, which belongs to the alluvial plain of the Yangtze River Delta, with an average elevation of about 4 meters. The terrain of the whole land is low from east to west. Dajinshan is the highest point in Shanghai, with an altitude of103.4m. ..

administrative division

Shanghai was divided into 20 cities and 10 outer suburbs in the early days of liberation. By the end of 2003, Shanghai had * *18 districts and counties, * *10/8 towns, 3 townships, 100 sub-district offices, 3,293 neighborhood committees and 19965438+.

What is the area of Huangpu District? 12 square kilometer with a population of 620,000. Postal code 20000 1. District People's Government is located at No.300 Yan 'an East Road.

Luwan district, which district? 80,000 square kilometers with a population of 330,000. Postal code 200020. District People's Government is located at Chongqing South Road 139.

Xuhui District, which district? 55 square kilometers with a population of 890,000. Postal code 200030. District People's Government is located at No.336 Caoxi North Road.

Changning district, which district? 38 square kilometers with a population of 620,000. Postal code 200050. District People's Government is at Yuyuan Road 1320.

Jing 'an District is 8 square kilometers with a population of 320,000. 200040。 The District People's Government is at 370 Changde Road.

What is the area of Putuo District? 55 square kilometers with a population of 850,000. Postal code 200333. The District People's Government is located at No.668/KLOC-0, Dadu Road.

Zhabei District? 29 square kilometers, population 7 1 10,000. Postal code 200070. 480 Datong Road, District People's Government.

What is the area of Hongkou District? 23 square kilometers with a population of 790,000. Postal code 200080. Hongzhen Laojie District People's Government.

Yangpu district, which district? 6 1 km2, population 1.08 million. Postal code 200082. The District People's Government is located at 549 Jiangpu Road.

Minhang District, area? 372 square kilometers with a population of 750,000. The postal code is 20 1 100. District People's Government is located at No.6258, Humin Road, Xinzhuang Town.

Baoshan District covers an area of 4 15 square kilometers and has a population of 850,000. The postal code is 20 1900. No.5 Mishan Road, District People's Government.

Jiading district, which district? 459 square kilometers, population 5 1 10,000. Postal code 20 1800. The District People's Government is located at Bole South Road11.

Pudong New Area covers an area of 523 square kilometers with a population of 6.5438+0.77 million. The postal code is 200 135. Century avenue No.2001District People's Government.

What is the area of Jinshan District? 586 square kilometers with a population of 530,000. Postal code 20 1540. No.2000, Jinshan Avenue, District People's Government.

Songjiang district? It covers an area of 605 square kilometers and has a population of 5 1 10,000. The postal code is 20 1600. Park Road 1 District People's Government.

Qingpu District, which district? 676 square kilometers with a population of 460,000. The postal code is 20 1700. Park Road 100, District People's Government.

Nanhui district? 688 square kilometers with a population of 700,000. The postal code is 20 1300. District People's Government is located at No.3252 Renmin East Road, huinan town.

What is the area of Fengxian District? 687 square kilometers, population 5 1 10,000. The postal code is 20 1400. Nanqiao town jiefang zhonglu district people's government.

Chongming County covers an area of 104 1 km2 and has a population of 640,000. The postal code is 202 150. No.68 Renmin Road, Town, where the county people's government is located.

Human population

Due to a large number of immigrants and the rapid growth of floating population, the total population of Shanghai is constantly expanding. Open Shanghai, with a population of less than 65,438+million, was liberated in 1949, with a population of 52,000. At 0: 00 on October 0, 2005, the resident population of Shanghai was 1778, an increase of 654,378 compared with the fifth population census. The foreign resident population is 438 million, accounting for 24.63%. .

Natural population change

Shanghai is the first provincial-level administrative region in China where the population changes naturally and grows negatively. 1995 The number of births was 12390000, the birth rate was 7.04‰, the mortality rate was107,000, and the mortality rate was 6.08‰. The natural growth rate of urban population is 0.96‰. The birth rate of registered population in this city is 6.08‰, the mortality rate is 7.54 ‰, the natural population growth rate is-1.46‰, and the continuous negative growth rate is 13 years.

sex composition

Among the permanent residents in the city, 893 million are males, accounting for 50.22% of the total population, and 885 million are females, accounting for 49.78% of the total population. The sex ratio is 100.90 (female 100).

Educated population

The improvement of the overall cultural quality of Shanghai population. I am 6 years old, and my permanent population is over 1%. A sample survey in Shanghai shows that the proportion of people with college education or above is 18. 1%, which is 6.7 percentage points higher than that in 2000. In the fifth census, the population with high school education accounted for 24.8%, an increase of 65,438+.

Talent residence permit

Continuously promote the construction of talent team and attract outstanding talents to gather. Shanghai residence permit. By the end of 2004, there were 62,700 talents at home and abroad in the city. Among them, there are 4,000 foreign talents and 58,700 local talents. In Shanghai, 66.2% of students have a bachelor's degree or above in housing, and more than 7.8% have a master's degree.

hire

Continuously optimize the business environment and further promote employment. By the end of 2004, there were 836.49 million employees in Shanghai, including149.29 million employees in state-owned units, accounting for 17.8%, and 225.52 million employees in collective units, accounting for 27%. Employees in subsidized, private and other economic units accounted for 46 16800, accounting for 55.2%. The registered unemployment rate in cities and towns was 4.5%, which was 0.4 percentage points lower than the same period of last year, and it was the first decline in recent 10 years.

In the new century, with the economic growth, building an international economic, financial, trade and shipping center and building a well-off society in an all-round way, realizing the basic modernization goal, developing scientific concepts in an all-round way, vigorously implementing the strategy of rejuvenating the city through science and education, further opening up to the outside world, accelerating scientific and technological innovation and institutional innovation, the national economy has maintained a good momentum of steady and healthy development, and the coordination of economic growth has been further enhanced. Since 1992, Shanghai's economy has experienced double-digit growth at 14. In 2005, the city's GDP reached 91439.5 billion yuan, an increase of 75.3% at comparable prices. Compared with 2000, the average annual growth rate is 1 1.9%.

state revenue

The economy as a whole has developed rapidly, and the fiscal revenue has continued to grow rapidly. In 2005, Shanghai's fiscal revenue was 490.58 1 billion yuan, an average annual increase of 18.5% compared with 2000 and a year-on-year increase of 1.3 times. The annual local fiscal revenue price was1433.9 billion yuan, an increase of 20.7% over the previous year. The value-added tax was 22.6./kloc-0.2 billion yuan, up 65.438+03.4% year-on-year; 1 1 1.92 billion yuan, 565.438+29.3 billion yuan, up 6.5438+05.9% year-on-year, business tax and personal income tax increased 26.2% year-on-year, and real estate tax was 3,465.438+0 billion yuan, up 25.9% year-on-year. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, the city's local fiscal revenue totaled 472.656 billion yuan, with an average annual growth rate of 23.6%, equivalent to 69% of the Ninth Five-Year Plan.

Shanghai's status is the target of forwarding. As a modern international metropolis facing the world and serving the Yangtze River Delta, Shanghai shoulders important tasks and plays a very important role in the country's economic construction and social development. Only 1% countries have a population, and the land area accounts for 0.06%. Cities in this country account for 8% of the total national fiscal revenue, and ports account for110 of the total port cargo throughput of import and export countries. industrial structure

We will continue to optimize the industrial structure and accelerate the development of modern service industry and advanced manufacturing industry. In 2005, the added value of the secondary industry reached 447.592 billion yuan, an increase of 87.8% compared with 2000 at comparable prices, with an average annual growth rate of 13.4%. The added value of the tertiary industry reached 458.88 billion yuan, an increase of 66.7% over 2000. The proportion of tertiary industry was adjusted from 1.6:46.3:52. 1 in 2000 to 0.9:48.9:50.2. Industrial internal structure

Accelerate the development of the tertiary industry, and Shanghai's comprehensive service function will be further enhanced. In 2004, finance, wholesale and retail trade, real estate, transportation, warehousing and postal services, information transmission, computer services and software, accommodation and catering accounted for nearly 40% of Shanghai's GDP. The financial industry ranks first in Shanghai, the tertiary industry accounts for 10% of GDP, and the wholesale and retail industries account for 8.2%. The proportion of GDP is insured in Shanghai. The real estate industry continued to develop rapidly, and its proportion in Shanghai's GDP rose from 0.5% in 1990 to 8.4%.

employment structure

Significant changes have taken place in the employment structure in Shanghai. The adjustment of economic structure and industrial structure has been intensified, and the number of employees in the tertiary industry has been increasing. The structure adopted in 2005 was changed from 10.8:44.3:44.9 in 2000, and the proportion of tertiary industries was adjusted to 7. 1:37.5:55.4. The proportion of employees in the tertiary industry increased by 10.5 percentage points, while the proportion of employees in the primary and secondary industries decreased by 3.7 and 6.8 percentage points respectively.

Investment structure

In 2005, the fixed assets investment of the whole society was 354.255 billion yuan, an increase of 14.8% over the previous year. Completed 654.38+02.468 billion yuan, up 6.654.38+0% year-on-year, and fixed assets investment accounted for 35.2% of real estate development investment. New changes in investment structure. The investment in the tertiary industry was 245.487 billion yuan, an increase of 18.6% over the previous year, which was significantly higher than the growth level of industrial investment of 7.3%. In terms of economic types, the investment of non-state-owned economy was 230.28 billion yuan, up 8.1%year-on-year; State-owned economic investment124.027 billion yuan, up 29.9% year-on-year. The proportion of private investment has further increased. In 2005, the city's private investment was 942 1.5 billion yuan, accounting for 26.6%, and the investment in fixed assets of the whole society increased by 3.4 percentage points over the previous year. Ownership structure

With the rapid development of non-public ownership economy, Shanghai has formed a pattern in which state-owned capital, foreign capital and private capital jointly promote economic development. In 2005, the proportion of public ownership economy in Shanghai's GDP dropped from 59.6% last year to 57.5%, while the proportion of non-public ownership economy rose from 40.4% last year to 42.5%. The proportion of private and individual economic value has increased, and its proportion in the city's GDP has increased from 15.7% in the same period last year to 16.4%.

Total agricultural output value

In the suburbs of Shanghai, we will continue to accelerate the adjustment of agricultural structure with the focus on promoting the large-scale operation of industrial parks, urban population and land concentration. In 2005, the city's agricultural added value was 796.5 billion yuan, which was 9. 1% lower than that of the previous year and 0.7% lower than that of 2000. Last year, the total agricultural output value was 233.9 billion yuan, 7% lower than that in 2000.

agricultural production

Strict implementation of farmland protection, grain production remained stable. Annual grain planting area? 166 100 hectares, and the total grain output reaches 1053600 tons. Every year, the proportion of high-quality rice planting reaches 94%, and the proportion of high-quality oil planting is as high as 70%. The level of standardized agricultural production has been continuously improved. At the end of 2005, the registered agricultural product brand 139 149 273 passed the certification of pollution-free agricultural products, healthy, safe and high-quality agricultural products, organic food and green food.

Agricultural products export

Shanghai's agricultural exports continued to maintain rapid growth. In 2005, the total export of suburban primary agricultural products was 654.38+45.5 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 37.4%. Based on agriculture, export the original deep-processed products such as livestock and poultry, aquatic products, new flowers and vegetables. The main export markets are Europe, Middle East, USA, South Africa, Russia and other countries and regions.

Modern agricultural park

The concentration and technical level of agricultural production have been steadily improved. By the end of 2005, there were 143 large modern vegetable gardens in Shanghai. 12 municipal modern agricultural park invested 548.2 billion yuan in various types of construction, and introduced industrial development projects 128 and 163 to promote scientific research in the park.

Large-scale agricultural management

Shanghai's agriculture is accelerating. By the end of 2005, 420 leading agricultural industrialization enterprises and 3 10 farmers' professional cooperatives in the city had absorbed more than 400,000 scattered farmers into the industrial chain of large-scale operation. What is the planting area? 65438+ ten thousand hectares. Accounting for 45.9% of the city's grain scale business area? Total grain planting area. industrial development

Relying on the construction of large bases and projects to promote the sustained growth of industrial production. In 2005, Shanghai's industrial added value reached 41523 billion yuan, an increase of 94% at comparable prices, and an average annual increase of 14.2% compared with 2000. Heavy industry is 2965438+293 billion RMB, and the added value of light industry is1086438+075 billion RMB. The annual gross industrial output value was 1687678 billion yuan, which was 1.4 times higher than that in 2000, with an average annual growth of 19.2%. Focus on developing industries

The development of key industries plays an important role in promoting Shanghai's industrial production. In 2005, the output value of the six key development industries, including electronic information product manufacturing, automobile manufacturing, petrochemical and fine chemicals manufacturing, fine steel manufacturing, equipment manufacturing and biomedical manufacturing, reached more than 993.55 billion yuan, up by 16.5% year-on-year, driving the city's industrial output value to increase by1kloc-0/%year-on-year, accounting for% of the city's total industrial output value above designated size. 70.8% of the added value of industrial enterprises above designated size realized the main business income of 1038523 billion yuan, accounting for 63.5% of the total main business income of industrial enterprises above designated size. high-technology industry

The rapid growth of high-tech industry. In 2005, the total industrial output value of Shanghai's high-tech industries reached 482.667 billion yuan, up 22% over the previous year, accounting for 28.6% of the city's total industrial output value. In which fields, the output value of electronic information industry was 353.092 billion yuan, up 29.3% year-on-year, and the total output value of optical, mechanical and electrical integration industry was 4.689 billion yuan, up14.4% year-on-year; The output value of biomedical science and technology industry was 2,336.9 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 1 1.7%.

County industry

The county's industrial growth accelerated. In 2005, the output value of industrial enterprises above designated size in Shanghai reached 91753.3 million yuan, up by 65.438+08% year-on-year, up by 4. 1 percentage point, higher than that of the whole city by 58. 1 percentage point, up by 65.438+0.2 percentage point over the previous year, which promoted the scale of the whole city. In this year, the output value of "1 +3 +9 industrial park" was 734.967 billion yuan, an increase of 15.5% over the previous year. Among them, the output value of nine municipal industrial parks was13,997.7 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 19.2%. Industrial economic benefit

Generally speaking, it is good. In 2005, the composite index of industrial enterprises in Shanghai was 202.3. Industrial enterprises realized profits of 9,395.6 billion yuan and taxes of 6,055.9 billion yuan. Among them, industrial enterprises invested by foreign businessmen and businessmen from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan realized profits of 447.95 billion yuan, accounting for 47.7% of the total profits of industrial enterprises; The tax revenue was 2,424.4 billion yuan, accounting for 40% of the total industrial tax revenue.

output of industrial products

In order to meet the market demand, the output of industrial products has greatly increased. The sales rate of industrial enterprises above designated size reached 98.6%, and industrial products such as integrated circuits, microcomputers, civil steel ships, automobiles, air conditioners, mobile phones and program-controlled switches were produced.

information industry

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The information industry continues to maintain rapid growth. In 2005, the added value of Shanghai's information industry reached 1097.9 1 100 million yuan, an increase of 25.7% over the previous year, accounting for12% of Shanghai's GDP. The added value of information product manufacturing industry reached 65.375 billion yuan, up by 25.8%, up by 265.438+066 billion yuan or 0.7 percentage point over last year. The added value of information service industry was 4.225 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 26.4%.

information infrastructure

Accelerate the intensive construction of information infrastructure. In 2005, the investment in fixed assets in informatization construction was 3,088.7 billion yuan, accounting for 8.7% of the total investment in fixed assets in the city. By the end of 2005, the export Internet bandwidth increased to 30G. There were 803 million Internet users and 2.474 million broadband access users, up by $6.5438+700,000 and $885,800 respectively. Compared with last year, there are 9 15 satellite stations in the city.

Major information technology projects

In 2005, the intensive information pipeline super center and Internet exchange center and other major information technology construction projects accelerated the process of Shanghai's economic and social informatization.

Information technology application

The construction of urban informatization has been further accelerated, and the application level of informatization has been continuously improved.