Frederick Mistal (1830 September 8th ~ 19 14 March 25th) was a French poet. His main works are Golden Island, Provence and Milo. 1904 Jindao acquired Nobel Prize in Literature. Reason for winning the prize: "His poems contain fresh creativity and real appeal, and faithfully reflect the simple spirit of his nation".
Chinese name: Frederick Mistal
Nationality: France
Place of birth: Mayana, Rhone Estuary Province
Date of birth:1830 September 8th.
Date of death:1965438+March 25th, 2004.
Occupation: poet
Graduate school: Provence College
Main achievements: Golden Island 1904 won the Nobel Prize in Literature.
Representative works: Golden Island, Provence, Milo, etc.
The life of the character
Frederick Mistal, a French poet, wrote in oak. Born in Mayana, Rhone estuary province in southern France, it belongs to the ancient Provence region. Father is a small landowner. His beautiful hometown nurtured and cultivated his poetry. Influenced by Provencal mother tongue and local customs, the poet wrote in Provencal language and praised the beautiful scenery and ancient culture of his hometown. Mistra didn't go to school until she was 9 years old. After graduating from the undergraduate course, when he was studying in avignon Middle School, he became interested in the traditions and languages of Provence with his young mentor Joseph Lu Manell, and he was determined to devote his life to reviving the Oak language culture. Mistal devoted himself to poetry creation after obtaining a law degree from Aix-Provence College. From 1848 to 185 1, he studied law in Aix, Provence, and then Provence, especially Provence's "the first literary language in civilized Europe". It was in the process of studying law that he learned his own history, Provence, a once independent country. To liberate his father, his resolution "pointed out that Provence restored ethnic consciousness, promoted the revival of natural language and sacred poetry, and made Provence popular in the history of the country." For Mistal, the word race means "human constraints", and language is rooted in a country and a story. 185 1 year, after receiving his bachelor's degree from the Law School of Aix University, he stopped his studies and resolutely gave up the opportunity to become a lawyer, determined to engage in poetry creation and the study of Oak language.
1852 published the first long poem "Provence", which won the world reputation. 1854 On May 29th, Mister, Lou marnell and five other Provencal poets and researchers gathered in Feng Segeborg, near avignon. At the meeting, they decided to set up Feile Bridget Association as a specialized organization to study and revive Provence culture and language. Later, they expanded their research scope to the whole southern France, that is, the Oak-speaking area. Provence dialect, as the language of medieval poets, was once the literary language of southern France and was used by Italian and Spanish poets. In order to revive the ancient culture and language of Provence, apart from writing on oak, Mistal also vigorously promoted the Provence cultural movement, founded the Provence Yearbook magazine, established some Provence language and culture centers in various places, and spent twenty years compiling a two-volume Filibridge Dictionary (1878) on the basis of extensive data collection. Since the end of the Second Empire of France, there have been political differences among the members of the "Fili Brice" faction, and mistral has made great efforts for the annual unity of this movement.
1859, Muehrer, a narrative poem re-created by Mistal on the basis of Provence, was published. Miriyi is an extremely beautiful and moving narrative poem based on local legends and set in his hometown. It tells the story that Mi Ruili, the daughter of a rich farmer, falls madly in love with Fan Shang, a poor young man who weaves wicker baskets, but her parents stop her. As a result, the girl went to The Way and died of double suicide. The whole poem is solemn, simple and full of passion. It not only tells the unswerving love story of a pair of young people, but also creates a beautiful image of a pure girl with beautiful writing style, and also has rich cultural and historical connotations. With love stories as the main line, long poems connect many historical legends and folk stories in Provence, showing people the natural scenery, customs, religious customs and farm life of the whole Provence area. The whole poem is also full of provence dialects and slang, full of life flavor.
After Miro Yi, Mistal published another heroic historian, Ka Landahl (1866), poetry anthology Calendar (1867), Golden Island (1876) and narrative poem Niels (/kloc-0). In addition, his works include New Provence Dictionary (1879- 1886) and Memoirs of My Life-Memories and Stories (1906). 19 12 published the last collection of lyric poems, The Harvest of Olives, as a summary of his life. The poet knows that his days are numbered. He said, "I must pick olives quickly and give pure olive oil to God." Two years later, he died in his hometown at the age of 84, leaving behind his yearbook prose (1926), new yearbook prose (1927) and final yearbook prose (1927). These "works are like a tall and immortal monument to commemorate his beloved Provence" (award speech).
Creation of works
1867, Mistal published the heroic epic Ka Landahl, which is a narrative poem with the legendary style of medieval Provence. 1876, his lyric poetry collection "Golden Island" was published, which brought together lyric short poems of various themes he created in his early years. Since then, he has successively created the narrative poem Nilt (1884) and the five-act poetic tragedy Queen Joan of Arc (1890), with the heroine as one of the most legendary figures in Provence history and the countess of Provence and the queen Joan of Naples as the first. There is also the last narrative poem Song of Rhone (1897).
After entering the 20th century, Mistal published several works one after another, among which the main ones are the memoir My Origin, Memoirs and Stories (1906) and the collection of lyric poems The Harvest of Olives (19 12).
Artistic feature
His first attempt was a long poem about rural life, which was later included in a collection of poems called Provence (1852). Since then, he has spent another seven years focusing on creation, and has written a world-famous narrative poem, Miriyi (1859). The plot of this poem is actually very simple. A beautiful and charming peasant girl can't marry the poor boy she loves because of her father's resolute opposition. In despair, she fled her hometown and went to the church dedicated to the three saints Mary on Camag Island in the Rhone Delta for comfort. The author describes the love of young people in a fascinating way, and describes how Miri crossed the Colorado Plain, suffered from heatstroke in the hot Camag, struggled to the church where the shrine was located, and finally died there. Finally, Santa Maria appeared before her before she died. The value of this work lies not in its theme or its imagination, no matter how attractive Miri's gestures are. The artistic charm of the works mainly lies in the connection and infiltration of stories, and the scenery, memory, ancient customs and daily life of the whole Provence are presented to us. Mistal said that he only sang for shepherds and plowmen, and he sang with Homeric simplicity. He is indeed a disciple of Homer, a great poet, but he is by no means an imitation of a handmaiden. There is ample evidence that he has created his own unique description skills, and the style of the golden age of mythology makes his description look full of vitality. Who can forget the portrait of a white horse he painted in Camag, Rhone Delta? During the Mercedes-Benz, the horsehair fluttered in the wind. They seem to have been tamed by Poseidon's trident, and now they are free from Poseidon's carriage. If you move them from their favorite coastal grassland to other places, they will eventually escape there. Even after many years' absence, they will return to this famous grassland to listen to the ensemble of Haitao again and thank them with their sweet cries.
The rhythm of this poem is harmonious and wonderful, and the artistic combination is very successful. The source of Mistal's description is not psychology, but nature. This poet treats his children as pure as nature, so let all other poets listen to the cry from the depths of human soul! Mireli is a half-opened rose, always shining in the morning sun. This is a work with original spirit, and it is also an accidental fruit, that is to say, it is not purely produced by hard work.
Provencal is an ancient language that has been silent for a long time. Now, thanks to the poet's efforts, it has become a living literature, which was a great event in the European literary world at that time. Mistal's great contribution to the revival of Provence literature made him an outstanding representative of Provence culture. In recognition of his creative achievements, the French Academy awarded him four awards, and the French Academy awarded him the Cross of Honor. 1904, due to the novelty, uniqueness and real inspiration of his poems, Mistal and Spanish Etchegaray (1832- 19 16) both won the Nobel Prize in Literature.
Mistal is not only a narrative poet, but also a great lyric poet. His collection of poems, Golden Island (1876), contains some immortal and wonderful poems. Hidden meditation, Acolet's drums, dying mowers, and Lumani's Castle in the Sunset evoke unforgettable memories of the bard era. In addition, there are some beautiful and mysterious poems that seem to be only suitable for whispering at this special moment in the twilight. In his lyric poems, Mistal tried his best to defend the right of independent existence of the new Provencal language, and at the same time resolutely countered all kinds of contempt and insults.
Nilt (1884) is a short narrative poem, from which readers can find many beautiful chapters. But in contrast, the long narrative poem Song of Rhone (1897) is much more profound. Although this poem was written by a 67-year-old poet, it still makes people feel full of vitality. This poem depicts many moving and fresh scenery of the Rhone River. Captain Apollo, who is proud and enthusiastic, thinks that one must be a sailor before he knows how to pray. What an interesting number! There is also the captain's daughter Angela, whose fantasy is integrated with ancient legends. One night, she imagined that she met Rhoda, the river god, in the moonlight. She really seemed to touch the body of the river god, which made her deeply moved. At first glance, these lines seem to flash and flow in the moonlight.
In a word, Mistal's works are like a tall and immortal monument, winning glory for his beloved Provence.
Anecdotes of characters
Establish an association
For Mistal, 2006 is a year worth celebrating, because fifty years ago, on Saint estelle's Day, he co-founded the Provence Poets Association with six friends from the literary world. Their goal is to purify and revive the Provencal language. This language has been used all the way from San Remy to Addis Ababa, with little difference from place to place. Now, from Oranc to Mazege, the whole Rhone River basin will regard this language as a new literary language, just as the early Florence dialect was used as the basis of Italian. As experts Gaston Paris and Koskowitz said, this revival movement did not go against the trend of the times at all. It is not seeking the revival of ancient Provence, but trying to create a national language for the masses on the basis of common dialects. The efforts of Provence poets have not been slackened by the success of the movement. Mistal spent more than 20 years and exhausted his efforts to compile his great Philippridge Dictionary (1878). This masterpiece not only records the treasure of Provence dialect, but also sets up an immortal monument for Oak language. Needless to say, people like Mistal have won various honors. The French Academy has awarded him four awards; Because he compiled the Yearbook of Provence, the French Academy awarded him the Renault Prize of 10,000 francs. Haller and Bonny University awarded him an honorary doctorate; Some of his works have been translated into many languages; Cournot, a famous French composer, also adapted his Mireille into an opera, and Ka Landahl was also adapted and put on the stage by Mahler.
Mistal Zeng Zeng gave the Provence Poets Association such a motto: "The sun makes me sing!" In fact, his poems have spread the sunshine of Provence to many countries, even the northern countries, and brought joy to many people's hearts.
Idealism is alfred nobel's expectation for award-winning writers. With his outstanding artistic idealism, Mistal combined health and prosperity, and devoted his life to reviving and developing the spiritual heritage of his hometown, as well as language and literature. Such a poet is probably rare in the world.
Nobel Prize
Because of mistral's achievements in poetry and linguistics, he was nominated as a candidate at the beginning of 190 1 the first Nobel Prize in Literature. But he said modestly that people recommended that "the branches are a little high for birds" and he claimed to be "Homer's humble student". 1904, just when mistral won the championship, there were some twists and turns. The reason is that a book of poems by Michaelis was translated by a Nobel Prize judge and published in Sweden in September. This translation is poorly written and difficult to read. Although Michaelis did not take the responsibility, the Swedish Academy of Literature decided to divide the prize of 1904 into two halves after careful consideration.
There is a saying that Nobel Prize in Literature is awarded to those writers who are in their prime, because this is the peak of their creation. The purpose of the reward is to provide them with living security and avoid material shortage, so as to ensure that they have a completely independent environment. At the same time, however, the Nobel Foundation stipulates that works with great value and rich experience as their solid foundation are eligible for awards. Therefore, between those who are late bloomers and young and promising geniuses, they generally don't hesitate to choose. The jury has no right to turn a blind eye to a writer who enjoys a high reputation in Europe and is still full of vitality just because he is old. The works of old writers are usually proved to have unique youthful vitality. The Swedish Academy has awarded Nobel Prize in Literature to Monson (1902) and Beyonce (1903) to show their respect, although both of them have passed their prime of life. In this year's Nobel Prize in Literature nomination candidates, the college still noticed some famous literary masters, hoping to pay high tribute to a world literary genius again. The Swedish Academy has specially considered two writers, both of whom are fully eligible for full bonuses. The two men not only reached the acme in the art of poetry, but also in their life journey. One of them is 74 years old and the other is only two years younger. Therefore, the college thinks it is unnecessary to spend time arguing about the value between them, because their strength can be equal. Although the college only awards them half of the one-year prize, if someone thinks that the material value of this prize will reduce the honor of the two poets, then the college hopes to publicly explain this special situation and announce that either of the two winners has the right to monopolize this prize.
The college awarded one of the awards to the poet Frederick Mistal. Inspired by his new poems, this respectable old man is still younger than most poets of our time. One of his major poems, Song of Rhone, was published in 1897. Not long ago (1May 3, 9941Sunday), when the Provence poets celebrated the 50th anniversary of the establishment of the Provence Poets Association, Mistal recited a lyric poem, which was as charming and energetic as his previous works.