Are you ready for the intermediate accounting title exam in 218? Sincerely organize the "Key Points of Economic Law for Intermediate Accountant Examination in 218: Concept and Classification of Securities". As long as you work hard, there will always be fruitful results! Candidates are welcome to study.

218 Intermediate Accountant Examination "Economic Law" Highlights: the concept and classification of securities

1. The concept of securities

Securities are written documents made for the purpose of proving or setting rights. Securities can be divided into broad sense and narrow sense. Securities in a broad sense are written documents that prove that the holder enjoys certain economic rights and interests, including capital security (such as stocks, bonds, securities derivatives, etc.), currency securities (such as bills of exchange, promissory notes, checks, etc.) and commodity securities (such as bills of lading, waybills, warehouse receipts, etc.). Securities in a narrow sense only refer to capital security, which is also the securities to be introduced in the Securities Law and this section.

2. Classification of securities

According to different standards, securities can be divided into different types. At present, the securities issued and circulated in China's securities market mainly include the following categories:

(1) stocks. A stock is a certificate issued by a joint stock limited company to prove the shares held by shareholders. There are RMB ordinary shares (A shares) and domestic listed foreign shares (B shares) circulating in China's securities market. In addition, companies registered in China can also issue overseas listed foreign shares, including H shares (listed in Hong Kong), N shares (listed in new york) and S shares (listed in Singapore).

(2) bonds. Bonds are valuable securities issued by the government, financial institutions, companies and enterprises in accordance with legal procedures and agreed to repay the principal and interest within a certain period of time. Bond is a kind of creditor's rights certificate, and it is a kind of valuable securities that repay the principal and interest at maturity. It has the characteristics of low risk and strong liquidity. Bonds can be divided into enterprises, corporate bonds (including convertible corporate bonds), financial bonds and government bonds according to different issuers.

(3) Share of securities investment funds. The share of securities investment funds is the right certificate for fund investors to hold fund units.

(4) warrants. Warrant is the right certificate given by a joint stock limited company to the holder to buy a certain number of ordinary shares at a certain price indefinitely or within a certain limit. Warrant is a long-term option for the holder to subscribe for the company's shares. It is not a certificate of rights in itself, and its holder does not have the qualification of shareholders. The income of warrant mainly comes from the income transferred according to law.

(5) futures. Futures is a trading method that spans time. By signing a standardized contract, the buyer and the seller agree to deliver a specified amount of spot at a specified time, price and other trading conditions. Futures can be divided into commodity futures and financial futures according to the types of spot subject matter.