Winston Churchill, the British Prime Minister during the Second World War, was an outstanding speaker and was listed as one of the top 1 famous speakers in the world. However, when Churchill made a speech in parliament for the first time, he had a big somersault-when he was halfway through, he suddenly forgot the following, and he couldn't remember it. He was flushed and had to interrupt his speech and return to his seat awkwardly. However, he was not discouraged, devoted himself to the study of speech skills and often exercised his oral expression skills. Everything comes to him who waits, Churchill finally became a famous speaker and outstanding politician in the 2th century.

Lincoln, the 16th president of the United States, is a world-famous great speaker. His success lies in his hard practice of speech eloquence since his youth, and he has seen and listened more. When he was young, he worked as a farmer, a lumberjack, a shop assistant, a postman, a land surveyor and so on. In order to become a lawyer, he often walks 3 miles to a court to listen to lawyers' arguments and see how they argue and gesture. While listening to those politicians and speakers' impassioned speeches, he imitated them. He listened to the preaching of evangelists who traveled everywhere, waving their arms and shaking their voices in the sky. When he came back, he followed their example and practiced his speech repeatedly in the Woods and cornfields. The success of the speech made Lincoln finally become an eloquent lawyer and finally stepped into politics.

"Everything comes to him who waits". The laurel of success will always belong to those who persevere, and the laurel of success will never fall from the sky and be "given" to those lazy people who enjoy their success and wait for them.

no pains, no gains. The flower of success needs hard sweat to water it. From ancient times to the present, for thousands of years, behind every successful person has experienced many vicissitudes. However, they face difficulties and persevere. Strive for the ideal and achieve outstanding success.

Wang Xizhi, a great calligrapher in Jin Dynasty, loved calligraphy since he was a child. At the age of seven, he studied calligraphy with Mrs. Wei, a calligrapher at that time, and studied hard every day. When there is no ink or brush, he writes on his clothes by hand, sometimes on the sand with branches, and sometimes in the moonlight at night. According to legend, he practiced calligraphy by the Lanting pool in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, and the water in the pool was stained black by washing pens and inkstones. After twenty years of hard work, he finally became a world-famous calligrapher, and his works have been passed down through the ages.

The lotus flowers painted by Huang Yongyu, a famous modern painter, are highly praised. But who knows how many sketches of lotus flowers he has painted? Even Huang Yongyu himself can't count them. Once, he asked his son to count how many sketches he had drawn. My son came in bundles, each bundle of 1 pieces, with a total of more than 8 bundles. After more than 2 years of hard sketching, Huang Yongyu repeatedly studied the skills of drawing lotus flowers.

He absorbed the strengths of various schools and blended them into one. Later, the lotus flowers he painted were unique in charm.

Einstein said: success = hard work+correct method+less empty talk. As long as you pay, you will get something. Hard work pays off. Let's make unremitting efforts for success and create tomorrow's glory.

in September 1878, Edison decided to attack the fortress of electric lighting. He read a lot of books about electric lighting, determined to make cheap, durable, safe and convenient electric lights.

he started the experiment with a incandescent lamp. Put a small piece of heat-resistant things in a glass bubble, and when the current burns it to a white-hot level, it will glow from heat. He first thought of charcoal, so he put a small piece of charcoal wire into a glass bubble, which broke as soon as it was electrified.

"What is the reason?" Edison picked up the carbon filament broken into two pieces and looked at the glass bubble again. It took a long time before he suddenly remembered, "Oh, maybe because there is air in it, and the oxygen in the air helps the carbon filament burn, which makes it break immediately!" So he used his own hand-made air extractor to pump the air out of the glass bubble as much as possible. As soon as it was electrified, it did not go out immediately. But eight minutes later, the light went out.

But in any case, Edison finally found that the vacuum state is very important for incandescent lamps, and the key is carbon filament, which is the crux of the problem.

so what kind of heat-resistant material should I choose?

Edison thought about it. Platinum has the highest melting point and strong heat resistance. So, Edison and his assistants tried platinum several times, but this kind of platinum with higher melting point prolonged the light-emitting time of the electric lamp a lot, but it was still not ideal to automatically turn off and then emit light from time to time.

Edison was not discouraged and went on with his experiment. He has tried various rare metals such as barium, titanium and indium, and the results are not very satisfactory.

after a while, Edison made a summary of the previous experimental work and wrote down all kinds of heat-resistant materials he could think of, totaling 16 kinds.

Next, he and his assistants began to test these 16 kinds of heat-resistant materials in different categories. They can try them, and platinum is the most suitable one. Due to the improved air extraction method, the vacuum degree in the glass bulb is higher, and the life of the lamp has been extended to 2 hours. But this kind of lamp made of platinum is too expensive. Who wants to spend so much money to buy an electric lamp that can only last for two hours?

The experimental work fell into a trough, and Edison was very distressed. In a cold winter, Edison sat by the fire and looked at the blazing charcoal fire. He couldn't help saying to himself, "Charcoal ..."

The charcoal bar made of charcoal has been tried. What should I do? Edison felt hot and dry all over, so he pulled off the scarf around his neck. Seeing this scarf made of cotton yarn, Edison suddenly had an idea in his mind:

Yes! The fiber of cotton yarn is better than that of wood. Can you use this material?

He tore a cotton yarn from his scarf and baked it on the fire for a long time. The cotton yarn turned into burnt charcoal. He carefully put this carbon wire into the glass bubble, and the effect was really good after a test.

Edison was very happy, and then he made many carbon filaments made of cotton yarn, and made many experiments in succession. The life of the light bulb was suddenly extended by 13 hours, and then reached 45 hours.

as soon as the news spread, it caused a sensation in the whole world. The stock price of gas in London, England plummeted, and the gas industry was in chaos. People have a hunch that lighting gas lamps will soon become history, and the future will be the era of electro-optics.

Everyone congratulated Edison, but Edison didn't look happy at all. He shook his head and said, "No, we have to find other materials!" "

"Why, it's still on for 45 hours?" The assistant asked in surprise. "no! I hope it will light up for 1 hours, preferably 16 hours! " Edison replied.

as we all know, it's good to shine for more than 1 hours, but what materials are suitable?

Edison knew what he was doing. According to the nature of cotton yarn, he decided to look for new materials from plant fiber.

So, the marathon experiment began again. Edison experimented with all kinds of plant materials as long as he could find them, even horse manes, human hair and beards were used as filament tests. Finally, Edison chose bamboo as a plant. Before the experiment, he took out a piece of bamboo and looked at it with a microscope. He jumped with joy. So, put the carbonized bamboo filament into a glass bulb, and after electrifying, this kind of bamboo filament bulb was continuously lit for 12 hours!

Edison finally breathed a sigh of relief, and his assistants congratulated him, but he said seriously, "There are many bamboos all over the world, and their structures are different. We should carefully select them!"

The assistants were deeply moved by Edison's scientific attitude of striving for perfection, and they volunteered to visit various places. After comparison, a kind of bamboo produced in Japan is the most suitable, so it is imported from Japan in large quantities. At the same time, Edison opened a power plant and set up wires. Before long, the American people used this cheap and durable bamboo light bulb.

the bamboo filament lamp has been used for many years. It was not until 196 that Edison switched to tungsten wire, which improved the quality of light bulbs and has been used until today.

When people turn on the electric light, they often think of this great inventor, who brought endless light to the darkness. In 1979, the United States spent millions of dollars to hold a year-long commemorative event to commemorate the centenary of Edison's invention of electric light.

2. Coincidentally. More than 6 years ago, a biologist named Michelson discovered that there was an earthworm on the east coast of the United States and the west coast of Europe at the same latitude, but there was no earthworm on the west coast of the United States. Why is this? This question attracted the attention of Wei Gena, a German geologist who was studying the origin of continents and coasts at that time. Wei Gena thinks that the tiny earthworm, with limited activity, can't cross the Atlantic Ocean. Its distribution just shows that the European continent and the American continent are connected by native mining, and then split into two continents. He took the geographical distribution of earthworms as one of the examples and wrote it into his famous book The Origin of the Mainland and the Ocean.

Once, Newton went to the countryside to play, and then rested under an apple tree. Suddenly, an apple fell from the tree. He felt very strange, why did the apple fall from the top instead of from the bottom up? He returned home to study with this question, and as a result, new related questions kept coming up, so he kept studying. Later, he found that the earth was attractive and could attract objects. Then, Newton's Physical Gravitation appeared.