What if the compensation level is low?
According to the Seismic Parameter Zoning Map of China officially implemented on June 1 this year, all Chinese mainland areas are located in areas with seismic intensity above 6 degrees; 58% of the country's land area is located in the high earthquake intensity area with a magnitude of more than 7, including 45% county-level cities, 62% prefecture-level cities, 70% large and medium-sized cities with a population of over one million and 25 provincial capital cities.
However, the development of "earthquake insurance" in China is lagging behind, which is not suitable for the national conditions of frequent earthquakes.
Zou, Deputy Secretary-General of China Disaster Prevention Association, said of the Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan in 2008: "This is the most disastrous earthquake since the founding of New China, with great economic losses, difficult disaster relief and rare history. Among the direct economic losses of 852.309 billion yuan, the amount of insurance claims is 65.438+06.956 billion yuan, accounting for only 0.2%, which is too low! "
The data shows that the global average insurance claims in the past 20 years accounted for more than 30% of the total economic losses of natural disasters. From 20 12 to 10, the insurance compensation in the Sandy catastrophe in the United States reached more than 50% of the total economic losses. The level of insurance development in Asia is relatively low, but overall, the proportion of insurance claims in natural disasters has reached about 13%. Japan's "3. 1 1" earthquake insurance claims account for 16.7% of economic losses. In China, it is a long way to go to play the role of insurance in risk compensation and management of natural disasters, especially major disasters.
The operation is risky, who will bear it?
In recent years, relevant departments have been paying attention to earthquake insurance and promoting the development of catastrophe insurance. Shenzhen, Ningbo, Yunnan, Sichuan and other places have successively launched catastrophe insurance pilots in light of local conditions. Among them, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province has carried out pilot projects of policy-based earthquake insurance for rural houses, and Mianyang, Leshan, Yibin and Ganzi cities of Sichuan Province have carried out pilot projects of earthquake insurance for residential houses. Yunnan earthquake insurance has paid 35.538 million yuan since it was insured in August, 2065438+2005, which has played a good role as a risk buffer and social stabilizer and accumulated rich experience for the construction of catastrophe insurance system in China.
On May 12 this year, the China Insurance Regulatory Commission and the Ministry of Finance jointly issued the "Implementation Plan for Establishing Earthquake Catastrophe Insurance System for Urban and Rural Residents", which marked a key step in the construction of catastrophe insurance system in China.
Liu Feng, director of the Property Insurance Supervision Department of the China Insurance Regulatory Commission, said that regarding the earthquake risk, the plan initially combined the differences between urban and rural housing, with the basic insurance coverage of rural housing being 20,000 yuan and urban housing being 50,000 yuan. On this basis, commercial insurance can be supplemented, and the initial insurance amount does not exceed 6,543,800 yuan, and the insurance rate reflects the difference in building structure. "According to the earthquake standard issued by the State Seismological Bureau, the disaster caused by the earthquake of 1 to 2 will not be compensated, and the loss of level 3 will be determined by 50%, and the loss of level 4 and above will be determined by 100% of the insured amount."
Liu Feng said that in terms of the operation mode of earthquake catastrophe, the plan adheres to the principle of risk bearing and grading bearing. "The whole top-level design has five risk diversification mechanisms: policyholders, insurance companies, reinsurance companies, special reserves and financial support." He explained that for insurance companies, catastrophe insurance is a public product, which needs the financial and tax support of the government to guide the integration of resources of various departments.
In order to integrate the industry's underwriting capacity, in April 20 15, 45 property insurance companies formed "China Earthquake Catastrophe Insurance for Urban and Rural Residents". He Chen, general manager of PICC Property Insurance Department in China, said that in July this year, the "first earthquake insurance policy" underwritten by PICC in China will be listed. "According to the risk data provided by the Seismological Bureau, we will set prices in one province and one province, and there are also rate differences in different regions of the same province. According to preliminary calculations, if the coverage rate can reach 3%, there will be a premium scale of 654.38+0.7 billion yuan, and the risk protection will reach 450 billion yuan. "
Sun Fuliang, director of the Earthquake Prevention Department of the Seismological Bureau of China, believes that due to the low frequency of major earthquakes, the public is not willing to take out commercial insurance, and it is difficult for insurance companies to obtain certain protection and bear the liability for compensation alone. Policies such as insurance funds, tax reduction and exemption, and financial subsidies need to be refined and upgraded.