(1) Choose a fund company: hand over the hard-earned money to the fund company for investment and financial management. Of course, you should first carefully choose a trustworthy fund company. Whether the management of fund management companies is standardized or not, and how the management level is, is directly related to whether the assets entrusted by fund holders can maintain and increase their value. Therefore, choosing the right fund management company is the first problem that investors should consider when investing in funds. Which of the 67 fund companies established in China is the most trustworthy?

"First of all, standardized management and operation are the basic elements that fund management companies must have and the basic guarantee for the safety of fund assets. To judge whether the management operation of fund management companies is standardized, we can refer to the following factors: First, whether the governance structure of fund management companies is standardized and reasonable, including the degree of decentralization of equity structure, the establishment and status of independent directors, etc. Second, whether the fund management company's management, operation and related information disclosure of its funds are comprehensive, accurate and timely. Third, whether there are obvious violations of laws and regulations in fund management companies.

Secondly, the operating performance of fund management companies over the years is an important reference factor for investors. The management level of fund management companies can be reflected by the net growth of their funds and dividends over the years. As each fund is established at a different time, its cumulative net value growth will inevitably be different, and investors can use the net value growth of funds in a specific period as a basis for judgment.

Thirdly, the market image of fund management companies and the quality and level of service to investors are also factors that investors refer to when choosing fund management companies. We should also take into account related expenses, the convenience of purchase and redemption, the service quality of fund management companies and many other factors.

You can also examine fund management companies from the following aspects.

1. The strength and importance of company shareholders is an important foundation for the sustainable development of fund companies. Shareholders with deep capital background and strong strength can give fund companies a better platform for operation and development.

2. Excellent and stable investment research team is the guarantee for fund companies to obtain good investment performance. See if the product line of the fund company is rich; See if the investment research team has experienced the complete test of bear bull market.

3. Pay attention to the sustainability of fund performance. We should not only look at the short-term performance of a product of a company, but also comprehensively examine the performance of other funds managed by the company. The outstanding performance of the fund does not prove the strength of the company, but the company with excellent overall performance of its funds is more trustworthy.

However, after all, what we bought was the fund, not the reputation of the fund company. We choose companies to make the funds we buy profitable, which is more than buying funds from other companies. So choosing a fund company is actually choosing a fund with excellent performance. Therefore, the same is true for choosing fund companies.

It is not appropriate to overemphasize, spend too much energy and hesitate back and forth.

According to the opinions of most citizens, the fund companies that are currently optimistic are Huaxia, Yifangda, Jiashi, Bosera, Yin Hua, South China and Cathay Pacific. However, we should also dynamically observe fund companies. It can't be said that a company that manages large assets is better than a gold company that was established late. For example, Huashangjin Company was established in 2005- 12-20, and the assets under management were not large, but in 20 10, its "Huashangshengshi Growth" fund won the first place among all funds. Baoying Fund Company was established on 200 1-05- 18, and the overall performance of 20 10 was poor.

(2) Select fund products

Ren Tong, fund industry researcher of United Securities Research Institute, chief fund analyst and fund expert of fund trading network, said, "Although history will not be simply repeated, although past performance may not necessarily reflect the future, historical performance will always be the starting point for us to identify funds. Just like the repeatedly criticized test scores, although unreasonable, they are still one of the main criteria for distinguishing. The past performance of the fund is the report card of the fund. Start from here to judge the investment value of the fund.

Fund performance can be divided into absolute performance and relative performance. The so-called absolute performance is to see whether the fund has brought investors a return greater than zero, that is, whether the fund has earned real money for investors. The so-called relative performance refers to whether the fund's income exceeds a certain standard. The standard of comparison can be the performance of the basic market, or all comparable funds of the same type, which can be measured by absolute performance or relative performance. These two methods are suitable for different types of investors. If we divide all investors into five types: conservative, defensive, steady, growth and active, then conservative and defensive investments.

Investors will be very concerned about whether fund investment can bring them positive returns, because negative returns are unbearable. Because the latter three types of investors occupy a major position in China, the relative performance can be used as the main basis for fund evaluation.

Looking at the performance of the fund, most experts and citizens think that it should mainly look at its long-term performance. For example, two years, three years, five years and since its establishment. This view has been questioned and opposed by other investors. Because the performance of the fund is constantly changing, "past performance does not represent the future." Some funds ranked in the top 10 in one year are often at the bottom of all funds in the second year. In recent years, such things have happened again and again. Mr. Wang, a citizen, said that you can first select the top 50 funds in March from all funds, then delete the funds beyond 50 in this half year, then delete the funds beyond 50 in this year 1 year and three years in turn, and finally consider buying the rest. He thinks this is a more reliable choice in actual combat.

Before choosing a fund, you should know your risk tolerance and choose a matching fund. The financial planner said that each investor's financial strength, investment period, risk tolerance and expectation of investment income are different, and determining the appropriate fund type is the first step in choosing a fund. Investors who want to get high returns can consider investing in high-risk stock funds and hybrid funds for a long time, and of course they are also facing higher risks; For investors with short-term low-risk preference, it is recommended to consider monetary and bond funds. Generally speaking, high-risk investment has high return potential. However, if you are sensitive to short-term market fluctuations, you can consider investing in some funds with lower risks and relatively stable prices. If your investment orientation is more enterprising, you don't mind the short-term fluctuations of the market and want to earn higher returns, then some funds with higher risks may meet your needs. If you don't have any risk tolerance, you can only buy money funds and a small number of bond funds.

The choice of fund products should be combined with macroeconomic and stock market conditions. The macro-economic growth prospects are improving for a long time. At the same time, under the background of low inflation, the stock market valuation has a solid foundation. At present, partial stock funds should be a better choice for fund investors.

"Who will manage the fund? The fund manager holds the investment power of the fund, and decides what to buy and sell and when to buy and sell, which directly affects the performance of the fund. As a wise investor, you should know who the fund manager is and how long he has been in office before buying a fund. There are three ways to manage funds. The first is a single manager, that is, the investment decision of the fund is decided by the fund manager alone. The second type is management team, that is, two or more investment managers make the same decision. The third type is multiple managers, and each manager is responsible for managing a part of the fund assets.

In addition to "who is the fund manager", it is equally important to know how long the fund manager has been managing the fund. If investors face a fund with outstanding past performance, they need to confirm whether the fund manager who created the fund's past performance is still there before deciding to buy. If you can't choose between two equally excellent funds, you might as well choose the one whose fund manager has been in office for a long time.

In order to choose a good fund, of course, we must first understand the fund, and reading the fund prospectus is the best way. However, the prospectus is long and time-consuming and laborious to read. In this regard, Wang Qunhang, a senior analyst of Galaxy Securities and a famous fund expert, told us: "To understand a fund, it depends on its tricks.

Prospectus, ""You buy a fund, you want to know about a product, what do you do? You see, the prospectus is its legal document, not its original. Look at other things, especially I have read many research reports, which contain some subjective elements, or he is interested in this product, or

His understanding of the market is biased. At this time, its report may mislead investors. Therefore, I suggest that you must read the original text. The original text is not a gobbledygook, and it is not that difficult. I think you should be able to understand it unless there are some examples of its stock selection and mathematical model, which you can ignore. But it is more a description of ideas and methods. You can have a good look at this piece. "

In order to spread risks, we must make reasonable combination and allocation in fund selection, and strive to "minimize risks and maximize returns". The article "Five Steps to Realize Fund Asset Allocation" published by Wenzhou Business Daily on 201-07-05 is worthy of reference:

"Production allocation is an investment concept, an investment skill and an investment art ... Generally speaking, the brief investment method of asset allocation is that investors first decide their financial management goals, investment return rate and risk attributes. Then at different time points or time periods, the assets will be invested in three categories of financial assets in proportion: currency, stocks and bonds. In practice, money funds, stock funds and bond funds are generally used to replace the above three financial assets, so as to achieve the target rate of return on investment, reduce investment risks and maintain appropriate liquidity. This can be achieved through the following five steps:

Step 1: Confirm the financial objectives.

Step 2: Determine the allocation ratio of major assets. Adjust asset allocation according to its own characteristics, financial situation and income expectation, and according to the changes of the above factors. Considering the following five factors comprehensively, different asset allocation ratios are formed. If you are older, you may wish to invest more in fixed-income products with lower risks. If the assets are large in scale and the income expectation is good, more active investment can be made. such as

If the investment period is long, you may wish to make more equity investment; If you are short, you need to invest steadily. Risk tolerance. Simply put, it is how much risk you can bear. Many people don't know their risk tolerance. In addition to scientific test questionnaires, there is a simple method for reference: if it is difficult to sleep at night after making investment decisions, it is beyond their risk tolerance. Everyone's risk tolerance and risk preference are different and will change with time. If the macro-economy and the securities market improve, we can make more positive investments appropriately; On the contrary, it needs stable investment.

Step 3: Apply appropriate investment methods according to financial management objectives. Fixed proportion investment method: regularly review and adjust the allocation ratio of large-scale assets to maintain the original allocation ratio of large-scale assets. Fixed investment method: investing a fixed amount in a fixed period of time, aiming at reducing the overall investment cost and obtaining a steady return in the long run, which is suitable for accumulating pension or education funds. Pyramid investment method: an investment method of gradually opening positions. The higher the price, the smaller the investment amount, aiming at controlling investment risks and avoiding high investment. Law of core satellite investment: the proportion of investment in the core part is significant, and stability is the first; The proportion of satellite investment is small, and flexibility comes first.

Step 4: Choose a wealth management product. There are three main points: terminology matching; Complementary styles; Different types of financial products have different choices.

Step 5: Review and adjust the plan regularly. Is there any obvious change in the market environment? Is the investment income in line with expectations? Are there any new changes in the original investment products? Are there any new substitute products worth choosing? Has the financial goal changed? These all need regular inspection and dynamic adjustment. "

Caijing.com's article "Paying attention to asset allocation and diversifying fund investment risks" is of great guiding significance to investors' international operation:

"If you choose a bond fund or money fund with lower risk, the income is relatively low; If you choose equity funds with relatively high returns, you may face losses when the stock market is in a downturn. In view of this kind of investment problem, E Fund recently launched an investor education activity of "reaffirming asset allocation and diversifying investment risks" throughout the country, emphasizing the matching of risks and returns, and diversifying investment risks through reasonable asset allocation to obtain more stable returns. The so-called "asset allocation" refers to the process of how to choose the category of assets and determine their proportion in a portfolio. Usually, the pursuit of high returns means taking high risks. Therefore, when choosing a fund, investors need to start from the relationship between risk and return, comprehensively measure their own risk-return needs and the risk-return characteristics of different fund products, and choose the corresponding asset allocation scheme. E Fund recommends investors to use two common asset allocation methods: one is "life cycle allocation method". The life cycle is divided according to the age of investors. The logic is: the older the investor is, the shorter the investment period is, the less he should take risks. In order to pursue stable allocation, the proportion of risky assets will tend to decline; On the contrary, you can be more aggressive and allocate riskier assets. The second is the "core and satellite configuration method". According to their own investment goals, investors look for investment tools that may help them achieve their goals and give them a high allocation ratio, which is the "core asset"; After determining the core assets, from the perspective of "complementarity" or "enhancement" of investment varieties, the "satellite assets" are allocated in a relatively low proportion to form a portfolio. E Fund reminds investors that both "life cycle allocation method" and "core and satellite allocation method" reveal the same truth, that is, investment funds must have the concepts of "whole" and "primary and secondary", and asset allocation is a plan, not just buying a bunch. Only by planning and allocating assets can we diversify investment risks and get a return on investment. "

How to deal with the poor performance fund? Ethan, an analyst with National Securities Fund, said, "Fund companies regard long-term holding as the core content of investor education, trying to reduce the frequency of investors' turnover, but long-term investment is by no means equal to simple holding. Fund products holding such stocks may be dragged down, and investors can consider redeeming them and wait until the adjustment is over before buying quality funds. "

New funds are frequent. Can I buy new funds that have just been issued?

1. The new fund will be closed for about three months after its establishment, during which it cannot be purchased and redeemed. In the case of a rising stock market, there can be no gains.

In the process of stock market rising, the unit net value of the old fund will rise faster than that of the new fund.

2. The new fund has no past performance to examine, and it is hard to say how it will perform in the future. A fund industry insider reminded that it is very dangerous for investors to pursue new funds with infinite longing or ignorance. Funds are not a tool for getting rich. It is unwise to enter the market impulsively without knowing anything about the market and ignore the hidden loss risk behind it.

Should I buy a new fund? How to make a choice? May wish to consider from the following aspects.

1) Does the fund manager have long-term experience in securities investment or fund management?

2) What are the performances of other funds under the fund company?

3) Whether the investment philosophy of the fund manager is consistent with the investment portfolio.

4) Does the fund company pay attention to the interests of investors?

How many funds should I buy? It is difficult to combine configurations if you buy less, and it is not convenient to manage if you buy more. Generally speaking, 5-6 is better. For example, there are 3-4 stocks and mixed, 1 bonds and currencies.