First of all, we should find out the objective reasons why children form careless habits, because habits are caused by the environment. To change habits, it is natural to start with changing the environment. For example, are parents careful? Is the family environment orderly? Are there any rules? Are there any requirements? Is it doting? Is it connivance?
As far as I know, children's carelessness is mostly caused by improper parenting methods, mainly: excessive concern, arranged substitution, no rules, lack of requirements, indulgence, and some neglect the same thing when they are young until they have a headache and habits have formed.
It is necessary to set rules for children and set rules for their carelessness. For example, if a child is careless in doing his homework, it is necessary to make a rule: check every time he finishes his homework and supervise its implementation. If children don't pack their things, there is a rule at home: wherever they take them, they must put them. Adults set an example and strictly ask their children not to let go once.
Don't talk nonsense to children, but it can affect them. Children's literature, for example, has many good works aimed at carelessness, which are both interesting and instructive, and make children understand carelessness in laughter and feel disgusted with it.
In order to make children feel uncomfortable about carelessness, we can use the "behavior consequence punishment method" to let him taste the bitter fruit of his carelessness. For example, if you forget something at school, you will never make it up for him and let him suffer. After discussing this matter with him, you will blame him for his carelessness and let him come to the conclusion that it can't be like this in the future.
Remind the child, but not irritating, but remind the child to think about the consequences of behavior, remind him to predict the child's behavior in time, and may make careless mistakes. Remind him in advance
Let children realize their progress, with the help of adults, give positive feedback on their little progress, let children see the benefits of not being careless, thus generating subjective initiative to overcome carelessness and fundamentally solving problems.
Carelessness is not a child's problem. Most children have it, which is the active nature of children.
However, when it comes to study and exams, our parents are often very anxious. On the one hand, it is caused by China's education system (judging children's quality and further education by scores), on the other hand, parents only pay attention to their children's exam scores. After the test results come down, the first feeling parents see is that many children will, as long as they are careful, they will be right. Some parents may scare their children or even punish them once. Once, twice and three times, few children can get serious. Most children are still the same. Parents are also puzzled and at a loss.
My opinion is, first, don't physically punish children, you can't ignore them. Establish a friendly relationship with children in daily communication. Parents should set an example and ask their children to do it themselves. Parents should sum up themselves and avoid repeating past problems with their children. What kind of method to use, parents to ponder. Parents' experience is much stronger than children's, but it is generally unsuccessful to educate children with their parents' arrogance. It is difficult for parents to manage their children with simple educational methods nowadays. You should not only be responsible for the child's physical growth, but also make great efforts to figure out the child's psychology and keep his psychological changes in your hands. Don't be afraid to waste energy and time. Only by mastering his psychology can we find the right way to educate our children.
When a child does something wrong, parents want him to treat the causes of the mistake separately. But it must be to let children realize their mistakes. This is a repetitive mistake, so we should take a tougher approach to control it. Parents should also help their children and give them ways and time to correct their mistakes.
Parents should keep pace with their children, and the ways and methods of children's education are different at every age. All parents should also make continuous progress. Husband and wife should cooperate well and don't teach their children at the same time. One teaches and the other makes sense. That is, people often say that it is necessary to have the effect of red face and white face.
If parents can do this, it will be easy to solve their children's carelessness! ! !
I hope you can succeed!
The best way is to form the habit of looking back.
Every time I finish one thing, I look back to see if there is anything wrong, find out and correct it in time, and stick to it to get rid of carelessness.
Generally speaking, there are two reasons for children's carelessness: 1, poor visual memory and recognition ability. 2. There is no sense of responsibility in doing things.
In view of this phenomenon, I often use the following methods to train children's attention: 1, and often tell him the benefits of being careful and let him experience it himself. For example, in class, they are often asked to observe pictures, and sometimes they are deliberately asked to compare two confusing pictures or things to find out subtle differences or quickly find out some hidden contents in the pictures. 2. Ask students to check carefully when doing the questions. Often after students finish their homework, I won't let them correct it immediately, but give them some time to check with their fingers and then correct it. Some students are careless when correcting. I don't mean their mistakes, but let them carefully observe whether there is carelessness. Often, students will automatically find out their own typos or the reasons for doing wrong questions, and then let them correct them again to make them aware of the dangers of carelessness. When the test is completely correct, I often praise it in time. Let him decide how to punish him if he is careless. After discussion, everyone agreed that if you are always careless, you should help the whole class sort out the waste paper that everyone throws all day (there is a waste paper recycling box in the class, so everyone can sort out the waste paper one by one and accumulate it and go to the waste department as a love fund).
Because many families are "four-two-one" type, children's living ability is poor and their sense of responsibility is not strong, which leads to their carelessness. In view of this, I adopt two ways: 1 to cultivate their orderly life. Many students don't tidy up their homework, so I often ask them to learn to live in an orderly way and do more things that they can. For this class, a notebook is specially set up to record parents' monthly comments on their ability to stand on their own feet at home, and competitions are often held once a month to see who arranges things fastest and who doesn't forget things. 2. Train them to do more meticulous work and cultivate their patience and sense of responsibility: In class, students are often trained to write similar words to see who can write correctly, such as "day", "month", "class", "has" and "has". And guide children to pay attention to the difference between strokes, points and strokes. Write a number contest, and see who wrote it correctly and quickly from 1 and didn't alter it; In class hygiene, let each student be assigned to a fixed area of responsibility, and who can keep clean every day; Parents are encouraged to let their students do more delicate work at home, such as washing dishes and tidying up closets. The so-called carelessness, psychologically speaking, refers to what you understand and can do, as well as mistakes caused by carelessness. What teachers, parents and friends should pay attention to is that if carelessness becomes a habit and a character defect, it will have a great influence on a person. For example, in large-scale exams such as entering a higher school and graduation, if you fail because of carelessness, you will eventually lose the opportunity to enter a higher school, and your family's efforts for many years will be in vain; Or a serious accident caused by carelessness at work, which brought certain losses to the state and the collective, he was also punished. This is what no one wants to see.
At present, carelessness among primary and secondary school students is very common. Although teachers and parents have repeatedly asked children to be careful, children will still make mistakes they should not make. Then, what should teachers and parents do if children are careless in their studies?
First of all, we should cultivate children's interest in learning and enhance their sense of responsibility in learning. As the saying goes, interest is the best teacher. As long as a person is interested in something, he will devote great enthusiasm to it, and at the same time, he will actively pay attention to it and take it seriously. Therefore, cultivating children's interest in learning is an important prerequisite to overcome carelessness. Enhance children's sense of responsibility for learning, that is, let children know how to do everything around them carefully and correctly, cultivate good study and living habits, and arrange their study time and progress reasonably, so as to better motivate themselves to make continuous progress.
Secondly, children are required to pay attention to the study of basic concepts of basic knowledge. We all know the truth: if you study well, you may not do well in the exam, but if you study badly, you may not do well in the exam. Some children make mistakes in their studies, not necessarily because of their carelessness. In fact, he didn't really master some basic knowledge or lacked the corresponding basic knowledge training. Therefore, teachers and parents should urge their children to listen carefully to every lesson, ask the teacher if they don't understand, and don't leave a tail; Homework should be completed in time, accurately, quickly and accurately; If you make a mistake, you should correct it immediately. Persistence will surely lead to good results.
Third, we should teach our children some necessary exam-taking skills and let them learn to adjust their emotions. During the exam, many children are very nervous. Even if they study well at ordinary times, they will fail in the exam, which is mainly related to their poor emotional adjustment ability. Generally speaking, students are not good at adjusting their nervousness in two ways: first, they relax their vigilance on easier questions, and often do it in a hurry without seeing the requirements of the questions clearly, resulting in wrong answers; One is to see the so-called "difficult" questions that I have never seen before, and my heart suddenly becomes particularly nervous, and even my brain appears blank. This is also a sign that students are not confident in themselves. The correct way to take the exam should be: walk into the examination room confidently, scan it as a whole after handing it out, do the simple questions that have been mastered in the review first, and leave the questions that will not be done for the time being for later. Wait until you get all the scores you are absolutely sure of, and then calmly deal with those "difficult" questions. Don't worry if you really can't do it. You should think like this: I can't do it, maybe others can't, so you continue to think calmly, maybe you can do it again.
Fourth, parents and teachers can often give their children some psychological training to cultivate their serious and careful habits. For example, the training of identifying the wrong figure can help children find the wrong figure among many similar figures according to the given correct figure, which is helpful for mathematics and physics students who want to use it as a figure. You can also conduct online training for word proofreading, which is very helpful for children to learn Chinese, foreign languages and other liberal arts subjects.
Fifth, parents and teachers can ask their children to prepare an error correction book and keep it with them at all times, so that children can pay attention to collecting some wrong sentences, sentences that are not worthy of the name, wrong words and wrong questions in their usual study, and carry out error correction training for the key points of mistakes, so that through repeated comparison and identification, remedial measures can help children avoid repeating mistakes in error-prone places.
Teachers and parents may wish to try these methods to help children overcome carelessness. We are convinced that as long as our education and guidance are proper, as long as children are determined to get rid of this problem, carelessness will leave us one day.
Carelessness is a common phenomenon, not only in children, but also in many adults. Generally speaking, carelessness is particularly obvious in children. There are four main reasons for children's carelessness:
First, children's visual memory and recognition ability are weak;
Second, parents did not correct their children's carelessness in time, and formed habits over time;
Third, children lack a sense of responsibility and are absent-minded in everything they do;
Fourth, children have too much homework and often lose things and make mistakes in their busy work.
Parents of careless children should avoid turning on the TV too loud when their children are studying, and don't play mahjong or cards, because their children's attention is easily disturbed, and your actions can only make them unable to concentrate on their studies. After a long time, children will develop this bad habit of multitasking.
Careless children don't pay attention to their homework and don't check it after finishing it, because they are used to the help of their parents. Parents should let their children check and correct their mistakes to help them overcome carelessness and develop good nursing habits. If the child's homework or exam is not ideal because of carelessness, then you can punish him appropriately.
Children's carelessness was not developed in a day. That's because children have lived in a disorderly family since childhood, and have no certain schedule and good living habits. Therefore, parents should improve the family environment and cultivate their children's good and regular living habits. Pay attention to cultivating children's sense of responsibility, because with a sense of responsibility, he can naturally take everything seriously and avoid carelessness. Parents can let their children do what they can (sweep the floor, wash dishes, clean up toys, etc.). ). Parents should praise and encourage those who have done well; If he doesn't do well, he should be criticized and made to do it again. Parents should let their children face up to the disadvantages of carelessness, let them experience the benefits of carefulness in life, and let them bear the consequences of carelessness when necessary.
Parents can also let their children do more "fine work", such as writing brush characters and sewing buttons, which can exercise their carefulness.
Children are too nervous and stressed. She is demanding enough of herself, so parents and teachers should stop putting pressure on her.
Observe the child carefully to see if she is careless in doing the problems at ordinary times. If so, it means that she is not careless, but the basic knowledge is not solid enough. Because you think, will she not write her name wrong under any circumstances? That means she knows her very well, and what she doesn't know will go wrong. If she only made mistakes in the exam and seldom made careless mistakes, it means that she is really nervous.
Please stop putting pressure on children from now on. But to encourage her and tell her to relax. She is excellent. She can do her best. Usually, we should blame her less for her carelessness in the exam. She is really not careless, but stressed. You should pay less attention to her every exam, be plain, give her a reasonable grade, and don't blame her. She has high expectations of herself and attaches great importance to the evaluation of her parents and teachers. Please don't do it again. You should relax first, so that the child can relax. She won't give up her efforts, she will study easily, and she will only be better than now.
As far as I know, many parents don't know about scientific parenting. Do you know that children have a key called "sensory system"? Children often skip lines, jump words, read wrong questions and count down. If so, parents always subjectively and intuitively think that everything is careless, but they don't know that this is a problem of the balanced development of the child's sensory system, which is caused by the poor development of the vestibule balance of the brain. This problem needs psychotherapy, and there are scientific methods for psychological training of sensory system. I don't know if there is such a training base for children there. I know there are many cities, such as Guangzhou.
Students' Careless Psychology and Countermeasures
After years of mathematics teaching in lower grades, it is found that students are particularly careless. Take my class as an example, the scores lost due to carelessness in homework and exams account for 70%-80% of the total lost points, which seriously affects the correct rate of homework and exam results. After careful observation and research, I found that students' carelessness has a great relationship with their psychological quality, so I did psychological training for students' carelessness according to psychological methods and prescribed the right medicine. Two years later, I made some achievements. Here are some specific practices:
First, record the wrong question, the reason
There are several kinds of careless mistakes made by students in doing the questions: 1, copying the wrong questions. Write 28 as 82; Write 9 as 6; Write 4 digits into 3 digits; Write the operator wrong. 2. Calculation error. Unskilled operation, 8+6 is calculated as 15. The operator made a mistake. Think of multiplication as addition, for example: 2× 4=6, 2+4=8, etc. 3. The answer to the vertical position is wrong in the horizontal position.
After recording the wrong questions, I asked the reason carefully. Some students said they were too anxious to see the questions clearly, some said they didn't check them carefully, and some said they were too careless. Students' understanding of right and wrong is limited to this. However, there are many articles that feel careless, so I made some specific questions about carelessness according to children's psychology.
First of all, students' carelessness is related to paying attention to quality. The quality of attention includes the directionality, concentration, migration, selectivity, breadth and distribution ability of attention. Because primary school students are in the stage of growth and development, they are developing from unintentional attention to intentional attention, and the quality of attention is far from perfect. Writing 28 as 82 shows that the directivity and concentration of attention need to be developed, writing 9 as 6 shows that the selectivity of attention is poor, and writing 4 digits as 3 digits shows that the breadth and distribution ability of attention are insufficient, which is the most common phenomenon in grades one and two.
Secondly, carelessness is related to students' memory. Children's memory includes memorization, storage and retrieval, which are interrelated and mutually restricted. What a person remembers and how he remembers it determines what he stores in his memory, how he stores it and what he can reproduce. Memory can be divided into unconscious memory and conscious memory from the attitude of memory. The younger the child, the greater the component of unconscious memory. When school-age children have clear tasks in learning, conscious memory begins to dominate. After the junior students finish their homework, their attention to the topic belongs to conscious memory. The effect of conscious recording is limited by learning motivation and the nature of the task. Generally speaking, the correct rate of students completing their homework in class is higher, but it is worse after class. The role of going home is obviously different according to parents' attitude towards their children, and the efficiency on Sunday is worse than usual. It can be seen that the reasons for students' carelessness are also related to learning motivation and willpower.
Second, according to the cause, carry out appropriate training.
(1) Learning purposeful education. Because students' carelessness is related to their learning motivation, we should first make students clear their learning goals. I ask students to make a daily, weekly and monthly study plan, write it on the title page of the book, and check whether it is done every day. Before going to school every day, ask the students to answer the following questions: "Did you desert in class today? Did you finish your homework on time today? Have you checked it carefully? How many mistakes are there? What is the improvement method? " In order to urge students to study hard.
(2) Cultivate students' attention quality.
1. Cultivate students' attention quality by circle number method. The so-called lap number training is to circle or draw a specified number from a group of numbers, and improve the quality of attention through repeated practice from shallow to deep. The specific method is as follows: Show a random number table (the number and arrangement order of numbers in the table can be determined according to the actual situation of students).
5 4 3 7 9 1 2 5 7 6 5 0 8 1 3 4
7 6 4 5 1 2 6 8 3 4 0 8 7 3 5 2
0 9 4 7 8 2 4 0 8 7 3 6 3 5 2 9
1 6 5 3 4 9 2 2 1 5 4 8 1 6 4 7
1 6 5 3 4 9 2 2 1 5 4 8 1 6 4 7
……
There are four kinds of training. (1), train the ability of "3" (or any other designated number) in order to exercise the directionality and concentration of attention. (2) The number "3" in front of the training circle is a kind of training of attention transfer. (3) Training the first "7" (or other designated numbers) of "3" in the circle is helpful to develop the selectivity of attention. (4) The even number (or odd number) between "3" and "7" in the training circle aims to expand the breadth and distribution ability of attention. Each kind of training should be completed within 3 minutes, and the continuous practice time should be controlled within 20 minutes. Practice 1~2 times a day, with 30~60 times as a cycle. After the training, I asked the students how they felt when they did the problem. They all think that they must concentrate on the numbers before they can circle them. This method is very effective in cultivating students' attention. After half a month, the situation of students copying wrong questions has improved. After that, I will add some training figures every half month, or train with 26 English letters, so the difficulty of training will gradually increase. Sometimes, if I don't do a good job in one aspect, I will ask students to train in this aspect repeatedly to enhance the pertinence of the training.
2. Cultivate students' anti-interference ability. Students are naturally curious, and the slightest sign of trouble will divert their attention. In order to make students concentrate on their homework, I trained in anti-interference with music. When students do their homework, I start to play music to make students concentrate on their homework. Music is first used in a more soothing way, such as: moonlight on the spring river, three folds of sunshine and so on. Then slowly change to a more exciting melody and then change to a song. Changing music every time is the most important moment of anti-jamming training. At this time, students must use willpower to control their attention. Only when you are indifferent in the transition stage can you enter another stage of training. Otherwise, the previous stage of training is still carried out. Each training session is usually 5 minutes. After a period of training, a questionnaire test can be conducted to check the progress of students' attention. There is a 1 question. How many questions did you get right? 2. What music did you hear? 3. Is there a sentence in the song? This question is to test whether the students are lying. ) 4. What were you thinking when you did the problem? Wait for more than ten questions. Conduct conversion training according to the students' answers.
(3) Strategies for teaching students to remember. The quality of students' memory strategies is also the main cause of carelessness, so students should be taught correct and effective memory methods. The general students' memory strategies are (1) and visual retelling strategies, that is, they selectively focus on what they want to remember and constantly strengthen their memory by goals. This is a common method used by young children and junior students. The higher the enthusiasm of students, the better the efficiency of memory. Therefore, I pay more attention to arouse students' enthusiasm in the process of learning, and often put the learning content into game activities and practical applications. For example, when teaching centimeters, decimeters, meters and kilometers, I ask students to help them remember by measuring desks, blackboards, pulling with wires, running around the playground and other practical methods. (2) Feature location strategy, that is, "labeling the target with a certain feature", is easy to remember. Children over 5 years old began to use this method. For example, freshmen remember the numbers 1~9 and regard them as sticks, ducks, flags, whistles, etc. According to the characteristics of students' memory, we should make full use of visual means in teaching, such as projection, courseware, objects and models to help students remember. When I teach the knowledge of cuboids, cubes and cylinders, I use courseware to demonstrate, observe objects, touch models and models to help students remember. (3) Retelling strategy. In the process of memory, children keep repeating what they need to remember, so that they can remember the information accurately and firmly. This is a common and effective memory strategy and a necessary means to transform short-term memory into long-term memory. Therefore, we should pay attention to cultivating students' retelling memory strategies in teaching. For example, multi-level exercises are designed in the teaching of mathematics, so that students can practice the memory content repeatedly and strengthen their memory. When I was teaching Roundness, I designed a series of exercises, such as 4□69≈, 53≈, 7≈, 7≈, etc., so that all kinds of students can train and memorize Roundness. (4) organizational strategy. In the process of memory, materials are organized into various categories according to different meanings, and the contents are reorganized to facilitate memory. This is the best way to remember, but it takes a long time of training and learning to form. I consciously teach students this memory method in the teaching process. Facing the important content of each class, I ask students to observe and compare, find out the rules, and build a group and hierarchical memory. For example, when students memorize the addition and subtraction tables within 10, let them fully discover the rules and memorize them with the same answer, the same first number and the same second number. When teaching the common quantitative relations of application problems, I rearranged the teaching materials and combined the quantitative relations of multiplication application problems with division application problems, teaching unit price × quantity = total price ÷ unit price = total quantity ÷.
Of course, the factors that affect children's memory are students' cognitive development level, original knowledge base, material structure, review and application. Therefore, when teaching knowledge, teachers should let students remember it on the basis of full understanding, and review and apply it in time to encourage and guide students to apply what they have learned to real life. At the same time, teachers should avoid arranging mechanical repetitive exercises, because such exercises will only cause students' boredom, which is not conducive to the development of students' attention and memory.
In addition to the above methods, we should also pay attention to cultivating students' psychological qualities such as willpower and frustration tolerance, and gradually help students overcome their carelessness.