Assets = capital+other accumulation+liabilities
Capital of commercial banks = assets and liabilities = owners' equity
(That is, the owner's equity after deducting liabilities from assets in the consolidated balance sheet of financial institutions, including paid-in capital or common shares and preferred shares, etc. )
China's commercial banks are financial enterprises that mainly handle deposits and loans, transfer and settlement, and take profit as the main business goal, and operate money.
(A) the functions of commercial banks
1. acts as a credit intermediary.
Banks mobilize and concentrate all idle monetary capital in society by absorbing deposits, and then lend these monetary capital to enterprises that need funds through lending.
2. Act as a payment intermediary
On the basis of handling debt business, commercial banks play the role of payment intermediary by handling currency settlement, currency receipt and payment, currency exchange and deposit transfer for customers.
3. Credit creation function
Commercial banks absorb demand deposits and issue loans. On the basis of cheque circulation and transfer settlement, loans are converted into deposits, which increases the source of funds for commercial banks. Finally, derivative deposits that are several times the original deposits are formed in the whole banking system, giving play to the function of credit creation and expanding the social money supply.
4. Financial services
Financial service means that commercial banks provide customers with various financial services such as information consultation, financing agency, trust leasing, collection and payment on behalf of customers by taking advantage of their special position and advantages in the national economy and using advanced means and tools such as computers.
(2) Commercial banking institutions
(1) Large commercial banks include: Industrial and Commercial Bank, Agricultural Bank, China Bank, China Construction Bank and Bank of Communications.
(2) National joint-stock commercial banks include China Merchants Bank, China CITIC Bank, China Everbright Bank, Huaxia Bank, Shanghai Pudong Development Bank, Minsheng Bank, China Guangfa Bank, Industrial Bank, Ping An Bank, Zheshang Bank, Bohai Bank, hengfeng bank, etc. 12.
(3) City commercial banks.
(4) Small and medium-sized financial institutions in rural areas mainly include rural credit cooperatives, rural commercial banks, rural cooperative banks and rural banks.
(5) China Postal Savings Bank.
(6) Foreign banks.