Chinese mainland's social security system

Framework: 1. Development course and characteristics of Chinese mainland's social security system 2. Chinese mainland's social security model 3. Existing problems and countermeasures of Chinese mainland's social security system 4. Views and inspirations of group members

1. Development course and characteristics of Chinese mainland's social security system

Stage I: establishment and adjustment stage II: stagnation stage III: recovery and development stage. From the early days of the founding of New China to 1966, there are two subjects, Three supplements

Two subjects:

1. Labor insurance for enterprise employees 2. Social security for state organs and institutions

Three supplements:

1. Collective security for rural social teams 2. Social relief 3. Preferential treatment and pensions for revolutionary soldiers

Stagnation stage:

Time: 1966-1978 <

Start to restore the state-unit security system (referring to the social security system of "low wages and high welfare" based on the "unit system" in the planned economy era. As employees, all the expenses of birth, illness, death and illness are borne by finance and enterprises, and individuals basically do not have to pay any fees. )

officially entered the transition period from the state-unit security system to the state-social security system (the current social security system), and completed the historical mission of the reform and service of state-owned enterprises.

as the main pillar of market economy, the state-unit security system and the state-social security system coexist

Second, Chinese mainland's social security model

-China is a society with a dual economic structure at present, which shows the opposition between urban and rural areas, and the opposition between traditional agricultural production methods and modern industrial production methods. The premise of implementing this established goal is the perfection and perfection of the social security legal system. The integration of urban and rural social security is the development direction of China's social security legal system.

Social security model in China cities and towns

Social security in cities and towns has gradually formed a diversified subject of behavior, with individuals as the foundation, units responsible for payment, society responsible for supplementary and service guarantee, and the government standardizing and organizing social security. Through the establishment of multi-channel fund-raising methods, a multi-level social security system consisting of statutory basic insurance, supplementary insurance for enterprises, mutual insurance and personal savings insurance is formed. On this basis, it will gradually develop in the direction of socialization and integration of social security.

social security model in rural areas

China government has implemented two social security measures in rural areas, namely, cooperative medical care and social endowment insurance. The rural cooperative medical system has gradually developed with the rise of the agricultural mutual aid and cooperation movement, and the social endowment insurance has gradually received the attention of the relevant government departments. At present, there are three forms of old-age care in rural areas of China, namely family care, community care and social care. It can be seen that most of the rural social security models are supported by the state and enterprises, and the basic living standards of rural villagers are guaranteed as much as possible.

Problems existing in China's current social security system

1. The system is not unified (according to the spirit of the Constitution and the principle of social security, all members of society have the right to social security, but the current social security system has great differences in institutional arrangements among different members of society. Some members of society enjoy higher social security, while others can only enjoy lower social security levels or their security benefits. This difference is mainly manifested between urban and rural areas, between institutions and enterprises and other workers. Between urban and rural areas, according to the current social security system, urban workers generally enjoy relatively complete socialized risk protection services provided by the government, while rural areas do not have so much protection. They lack socialized maternity protection, employment protection, occupational injury protection and housing protection. The cooperative medical system implemented in recent years has a low level of security, and the actual coverage and security benefits of social endowment insurance are also very low. The treatment of social security varies greatly among state organs, institutions, enterprises and other workers. In terms of old-age security, the pensions of retirees in state organs and institutions are generally more than twice that of retired employees in enterprises, and in the vast rural areas, the gap between the level of security and support is even greater. )

a little simplification will be good!

2. The coverage is small (social insurance right is the basic rights and interests of workers in modern society). A sound social security system should cover all citizens, that is to say, the social security system is not exclusive. Although the coverage of the five insurances is basically comprehensive, it can be said that "all insurance should be guaranteed", but there are still a large number of workers whose social insurance rights and interests have not yet been realized. From a national perspective, China's current social security funds are mainly collected by state-owned, urban collective enterprises and their employees. However, there are still some people whose participation rate is very low. They are employees of private enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households, as well as individual workers, flexible employees and migrant workers from other places. The main reasons are that the system design is unreasonable, and the current social security system is mainly adapted to state-owned enterprises. Second, the government does not know enough and the social insurance law enforcement is not enough. )

3. There are hidden dangers in fund management (In recent years, with the continuous strengthening of fund management, administrative risks have been reduced, but there are still some problems in social insurance funds, such as unclear management subject, single investment channel and low efficiency. On the premise of inflation, there is the possibility of depreciation, and in the long run, the value-added ability and payment ability of the fund are also worrying. China's social security fund lacks a clear investment, operation and management subject. At the present stage in China, the social security funds of most provinces and cities are managed at the county level as a whole, and the fund balance is basically in the bank. China's social security fund is safe under the premise of single investment and operation channels, but it is difficult to avoid the risk of inflation under market economy conditions, and there is the possibility of depreciation. Most provinces and cities in China use mixed management mode for pension insurance pooling accounts and personal accounts, and personal accounts are largely compensated for the shortcomings of pooling accounts when issuing pensions, and are deposited in banks together with pooling accounts, which does not play its due fund role. This model will inevitably affect the investment and operation efficiency of pension insurance, and it will also lead to the difficulty in improving the top level of pension insurance. )

4. The legality of social security is not strong (the social security legislation is not perfect; The legislative level of social security laws and regulations is low; Weak legal supervision of social security)

5. Slow development of socialized social security services

Countermeasures

1. Expanding the coverage of social insurance (one of the signs of a sound social insurance system). Is to see whether it will cover all the insurance objects that should be covered. From the goal of industrialization, urbanization and building a well-off society in an all-round way, the expansion of social insurance should be divided into three steps: the first step is to include people who have achieved industrialization and urbanization, that is, urban workers in the current system; The second step is to include people who are in the process of industrialization and urbanization, including migrant workers who are employed in cities, residents who are about to turn from agriculture to Africa in urban-rural fringe, township enterprises and employees of various small and medium-sized enterprises with relatively stable incomes; The third step is to include farmers engaged in planting. And it should be easy first, then difficult, and gradually advance. At the same time, farmers should be brought into the social security system as soon as possible. )

2. Further promote system integration (China's current social medical security system is composed of employee medical insurance, city bureau medical insurance, new rural cooperative medical system and medical assistance, that is, "three insurances and one assistance". The nature of new rural cooperative medical system and urban medical insurance system is completely different, so we should actively promote the integration of the two systems according to the development trend of urbanization and social medical security system and the principles of fairness, sustainability and optimal resource allocation of social security system, and gradually realize the unity of social security system. )

3. Strengthening the financing mechanism of social insurance funds (Establishing a reliable and stable financing mechanism is the key to improving the social security system. On the one hand, we should continue to expand the coverage of social security fund collection and improve the fund collection rate, on the other hand, we should adjust the balance of fiscal expenditure and strive to increase the proportion of social security expenditure. At the same time, effective measures should be taken to supplement the social security fund, including issuing long-term social security bonds and realizing some state-owned assets. )

4. Strengthen the legal system construction of social security (we should strengthen the legal system construction of social security in China as soon as possible, standardize and manage social security work according to law, and improve the basic supervision and management mechanism of social security. The collection of social security fund is a work with strong policy. In order to ensure the collection of social security funds in time and in full, there must be a set of strict and standardized collection management system and strong measures for protection. At present, the phenomenon of negotiating payment, delaying payment and refusing to pay social security fees often appears in the collection of social security fees because the social security laws are not sound enough. The fundamental measure to solve these problems is to implement tax and fee reform and improve the legal system construction of social insurance as soon as possible. At the same time, actively use electronic technology to establish a unified national social security technical support system and realize modern management. )

group views and enlightenment

1. Give full play to the functions of "shock absorption" and "stability" of "social security system"

2. Pay attention to vulnerable groups and poor people

3. Social security system should also implement fairness and justice

4. Establish a linkage mechanism between "social security" and "commercial insurance"

. The social security system plays an important role in modern society. The reform will improve the current social security management system, speed up the construction of various social insurance systems, improve the overall level of social insurance, and develop community-based social security services. It can give full play to the role of social security as a "stabilizer" in social life, a "shock absorber" in economic operation and a "regulator" in realizing social equity.

2. Pay attention to vulnerable groups and poor people

Focus on vulnerable groups, promote the construction of rural social security system with the concept of fairness, and advocate that the relief system for poor people in urban and rural areas should be unified at least.

3. The "social security system" should also implement fairness and justice.

To ensure fairness and justice, a decisive factor is to properly handle the relations and contradictions in the distribution field.

we should gradually establish a social security system covering urban and rural residents that integrates social insurance, social assistance, social welfare and charity. It is necessary to improve the basic old-age insurance system for enterprise employees, speed up the reform of the old-age insurance system for government agencies and institutions, speed up the establishment of a social security system that adapts to the characteristics of migrant workers, and gradually establish a rural minimum living security system and an old-age insurance system. Improve the basic medical insurance for urban workers and accelerate the new rural cooperative medical care. Strengthen assistance to people in need and develop social welfare focusing on helping the elderly, the disabled, the orphans and the needy. Pay attention to the important role of commercial insurance in improving the social security system and actively develop charity. Ensure that all members of society can share the fruits of reform and development.

4. Establishing a linkage mechanism between "social security" and "commercial insurance"

Commercial insurance has the functions of economic compensation, financial intermediation and social management, which is the basic means of risk management under the market economy and an important part of the social security system. With the deepening and advancement of reform, the pattern of social interests is constantly adjusted, and the traditional social management model needs to be transformed urgently. It is necessary for the government to introduce commercial insurance mechanism to participate in social management and improve the construction and innovation of social security mechanism.

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