Hawking
[ Edit this paragraph] Hawking's life
He was born in Oxford, England on January 8, 1942.
In 195, my family moved to St. Albans
In 1959, I entered Oxford University in England
In 1962, I completed my degree course in physics at Oxford University and moved to Cambridge University for postgraduate study.
In 1963, Hawking was diagnosed with motor neuron disease.
In 1965, he entered gonville and Caius College of Cambridge University as a researcher and was awarded a doctorate. His research shows that the mathematical equations used to explain the collapse of black holes can also explain the universe expanding from a point. /Married to Jane Wilde (Jane Wilde)
Robert, the eldest son, was born in 1967
Since 1969, he has been a researcher of outstanding scientific achievements at gonville and Caius College
In 197, Hawking studied the characteristics of black holes. He predicted that the radiation from black holes (now called Hawking radiation) and the surface area of black holes would never decrease. /Daughter Lucy was born/started to use wheelchairs
In 1973, her first book, Large Structure in Space-time, was published
In 1974, she was elected as a member of the Royal Society. He went on to prove that black holes have temperature, black holes emit thermal radiation, and gasification leads to mass loss.
During 1975-1976, he was awarded the Eddington Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in London, the 11th Medal of the Vatican Pope Science Society, the Hopkins Award, and the Danny O 'Heinemann Award of the United States. Maxwell Prize and Hughes Medal of the Royal Society
In 1977, he was appointed Professor of Gravitational Physics at Cambridge University
In 1978, he won the Einstein Prize, the highest prize in theoretical physics research in the world
In 1979, his second son Timothy was born/A Review of General Relativity: Commemorating Einstein's Centennial Birthday was published
In 198, he was appointed as Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University (isaac newton once held this position).
In 1981, he participated in the Vatican Cosmological Congress and announced the idea of borderless/The publication of Hyperspace and Hypergravity/He was awarded a senior knight of the British Empire
In 1985, he fell ill in Switzerland/underwent tracheostomy, thus losing his language ability and using a computer with a voice generator.
In 1988, A Brief History of Time was published, which won the Wolf Foundation Award and became the best-selling book on quantum physics and relativity.
He was awarded the honorary knighthood of the British Empire in 1989
In 199, he divorced his wife jane wilde, who had been married for 25 years.
A Brief History of Time was released in 1991.
Black Hole and baby universes and other papers were published in 1993.
On September 16th, 1995, he married his nurse Elaine Mei Sen.
Since 1996, he has been working in Cambridge University.
In October 21, another masterpiece, The Universe in the Shell, was published.
In July 24, Hawking corrected his original "black hole paradox" view that information should be conserved. On July 21st, at the 17th International Congress on General Relativity and Gravitation held in Dublin, Ireland.
In 26, Hawking came to China for the third time. He still brought his latest research on cosmology and gave a speech entitled "The Origin of the Universe" at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Gymnasium. Tell the public about the Origin of the Universe in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing.
In 27, the children's science fiction novel George's Secret Key to the Universe, co-authored by Hawking and Lucy Gigovold, was first published in France on September 6th. This book is the first children's book written by Hawking, in which Hawking explained his theory about time and universe to children.
Won the Medal of Freedom on August 12th, 29
[ Edit this paragraph] Relationship with his wife
In 199, Hawking divorced his ex-wife Jane, and in 1995 he married Elaine, a private nurse. At the beginning of 24, some British media reported that Hawking was abused by his second wife, and the news caused a sensation all over the world. In January 24, Hawking issued two statements through Cambridge University, accusing the relevant news of being inaccurate, and said, "I wholeheartedly and resolutely refute the statement that I was abused. The media reports are purely fictitious, and I am disappointed that some people spread such false news. " Jane wrote Hawking: Memoirs of His Ex-wife (I) and (II).
However, there were many mysterious scars on Hawking's body. wrist fracture had deep cuts on his face and lips. In March of the same year, the British police formally asked Hawking about the situation and asked some of Hawking's former nurses for information. However, due to Hawking's lack of cooperation, the British police finally failed to prosecute anyone.
As early as 2, the police were suspicious of Hawking's accidental injury, but Hawking refused to cooperate at that time and the investigation was terminated. Hawking's daughter, Lucy Hawking, said in an interview that her father had been found with scars around 2, but her father said that he accidentally hurt himself and she didn't care.
On October 19th, 26, 64-year-old Stephen Hawking was divorcing his second wife Elaine, who had lived together for 11 years.
On April 6th, 29, Hawking canceled his overseas visit due to illness, and was sent to hospital for treatment due to illness on the 2th of the same month. The situation was not good.
[ Edit this paragraph] won the award
1, won the honorary title of British Jazz in 1989
2, was a student of the Royal Society of Britain and a foreign academician of the American Academy of Sciences
3, was awarded the Eddington Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society of London
4, was awarded the 11th Medal of the Vatican Papal Science Society
5, was awarded the Hopkins Prize
6, and was awarded the Danny O 'Heineman Prize of the United States < Maxwell Prize
8, Hughes Medal of the Royal Society
9, Albert Einstein Prize
1, the most prestigious prize in physics in 1978, and Wolff Prize in Physics
11 in 1988 with roger penrose. Hawking's book A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to the Black Hole won the Wolf Foundation Award in 1988. Obama personally wore the Presidential Medal of Freedom for Hawking. On August 12, 29, he won the Medal of Freedom. [Edit this paragraph] Hawking's famous saying
1. When you are faced with the possibility of dying, you will realize that life is precious and you have a lot of things to do.
2. Which came first, the chicken or the egg?
3. Does the universe have a beginning? If so, what happened before that?
4. Where did the universe come from and where is it going?
5. There is hope if you live.
6. Is there an end to time?
7. I have noticed that even those who claim that "everything is predestined and we can't change it" will look left and right before crossing the road.
8. Both scientists and prostitutes make money by doing what they like.
9. If a person is physically disabled, he must not be mentally disabled.
1. Life is unfair. No matter what your situation is, you can only go all out.
11. even if I am locked in a shell, I still think I am the king of infinite space.
12. My fingers can still move and my brain can still think; I have the ideal of lifelong pursuit, and I have relatives and friends who love and love me; By the way, I still have a grateful heart ... (This sentence was put forward by a female reporter at a press conference, but Hawking replied with a quiet smile) Hawking not only conquered the scientific community with his achievements, but also conquered the world with his tenacious fighting spirit.
[ Edit this paragraph] Public Speech
After the publication of A Brief History of Time, Hawking has made many public speeches to the general public in Britain, the United States, Japan, Hong Kong and other places for many years, describing the origin of time, the end of the universe and time travel, and his popularity was like a "rock star". Part of the speech catalogue: Hawking's Lecture Notes-Black Hole, baby universes and Others
The origin of the universe (Chinese)
The beginning of the universe (English)
The beginning of time (English)
Space and time distortion (English)
Does God roll dice? (English)
Life in the Universe (English)
[ Edit this paragraph] Afterthoughts
Hawking is one of the great men with international reputation in this century. He is now 68 years old and was born on the anniversary of Galileo's death. He is a professor in the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Cambridge University and the most important general relativity and cosmologist in contemporary times. In the 197s, he and Penrose proved the famous singularity theorem, for which they won the Wolff Prize for Physics in 1988. He is therefore known as the most famous scientific thinker and the most outstanding theoretical physicist in the world after Einstein. He also proved the area theorem of black holes. The Nature of Time and Space
Hawking's life is very legendary, and he is one of the most outstanding scientists in history in terms of scientific achievements. His position is the most lofty professorship in the history of Cambridge University, and that is the Lucason professor of mathematics who Newton and Dirac held. He holds several honorary degrees and is a member of the Royal Society. Liu Duo, a contemporary scholar, once commented on Hawking: "Gold is gold! Yao Yao's flying rainbow of science has increased its color! "
Professor Hawking is a modern popular science novelist. His masterpiece is A Brief History of Time written in 1988, which is an excellent astronomical popular science novel. The author's imagination is rich, his ideas are wonderful, his language is beautiful, and his words are meticulous, which makes people even more surprised. Outside the world, the changes in the future are so magical and wonderful. This book has a cumulative circulation of 25 million copies and has been translated into nearly 4 languages. In 1992, a film of the same name cost 3.5 million pounds. Hawking firmly believes that the basic ideas about the origin of the universe and life can be expressed without mathematics, and the world should be able to understand his abstruse theory through movies, an audio-visual medium. This book is a popular reading about exploring the essence of time and the forefront of the universe. It is the most important classic work about the scientific thought of the universe in contemporary times, and it has changed the concept of the universe. As soon as this book was published, it caused great repercussions all over the world. A Brief History of Time is a landmark book for readers who prefer words to equations. She is good at being a contributor to human thought, which is a book of infinite pursuit of knowledge and unremitting exploration of the mystery of the nature of time and space.
As the undisputed authority of cosmology, A Brief History of Time has always attracted a large number of readers. The sequel to A Brief History of Time is compiled for readers who want to know more about Professor Hawking's life and his theory. In the form of frank and sincere personal interviews, the book describes Professor Hawking's life course and research work, and shows the real "people" behind the huge theoretical framework. This book is not an ordinary oral history, but an extremely touching and charming portrait and description of one of the greatest minds of mankind in the twentieth century. For non-professional readers, this book is undoubtedly an opportunity for them to enjoy the fruits of human civilization and a source of valuable inspiration.
Hawking's Lectures-Black Hole, baby universes and Others is a collection of 13 articles and speeches written by Hawking from 1976 to 1992. This paper discusses the birth of baby universes caused by virtual time and black hole, and the efforts of scientists to seek a completely unified theory, and makes original views on free will, life value and death.
The Nature of Time and Space 8 years ago, the general theory of relativity was expressed in a complete mathematical form, and the basic principles of quantum theory appeared 7 years ago. However, can these two most accurate and successful theories in the whole physics be unified in a single quantum gravity? Two of the most famous physicists in the world started a debate on this issue. This book is based on six speeches and final debates given by Hawking and Penrose at Cambridge University.
The Charm of the Future begins with Hawking's prediction of the future of the universe in one billion years, and ends with Don Kubit's understanding of the final trial. It introduces the development of prediction and the methods we use to predict the future today. The text of the book is easy to understand, and the author explains his own views and answers some interesting questions at the same time, which makes it interesting to read.
[ Edit this paragraph] List of works
Popular science works
1988: A brief history of time
1993: Black holes and baby universes and other essays.
25: A Brief History of Time
21: The Universe in a Nutshell.
22: on the shoulders of giants. the great works of physics and astronomy
paper
[ edit this paragraph] Hawking's three academic bets
Hawking likes to watch striptease performances (it is said that it is for research), and he also likes to gamble with other scholars on some scientific topics for a while.
does a black hole exist?
Hawking, who spent his whole life studying black holes, once worried that black holes might be just a theoretical concept, but they didn't exist in reality. In 1975, he made a bet with another physicist, Kip Thorne, to avoid losing everything: whether a black hole existed.
In order to hedge, Hawking bet that black holes don't exist. If he "unfortunately" wins, Hawking's life-long efforts will be destroyed, but Thorne will give him a four-year subscription to Private Eye magazine, which specializes in the scandal of the British royal family. If Hawking "fortunately" loses, he will give Thorne a one-year subscription to the pornographic magazine Penthouse.
Hawking once said in A Brief History of Time (1988): "When we made a bet in 1975, we were 8% sure that Cygnus X-1 was a black hole. Now I would say that it is 95% sure, but the bet has not yet come to a conclusion."
does naked singularity exist?
In 1991, Hawking asked for gambling again. This time Thorne was on the same side with him, and the gambler was physicist John Preskill. At that time, the proposition was whether there were naked singularities whose singularity should be surrounded by black holes, but not surrounded by black holes.
Hawking and Thorne bet that naked singularity didn't exist, and then they made a bet with Peishiji that whoever lost would send it to each other.