The "London Smog Incident" occurred in December 1952.

From December 5th to December 9th, thick smog containing a variety of toxic gases and solid particles enveloped London for five days, causing up to 12,000 people to die due to air pollution. This is known in history as the 1952 London Smog Incident.

This became the beginning of the British's large-scale environmental protection and air purification.

The measures taken in London's smog control process include the following: First, the government adopts legislative means to restrict the behavior of industries and residents.

The London smog incident caused the British to reflect on the bitter consequences of air pollution and led to the introduction of the Clean Air Act, the world's first air pollution prevention and control bill.

The law stipulates that all power plants in London must be closed and can only be rebuilt in Greater London.

At the same time, traditional stoves for urban residents are being renovated on a large scale to reduce coal consumption and gradually realize the natural gas-based life of residents; in winter, central heating is adopted to systematically reduce the total amount of fuel used for heating.

In 1968, the last Clean Air Act expired and a new Clean Air Act was introduced. The new act required industrial companies to build tall chimneys to strengthen the evacuation of atmospheric pollutants.

In 1974, the British government promulgated and implemented the Public Nuisance Control Act.

This law comprehensively and systematically stipulates the protection of air, land, rivers, lakes, oceans, etc., as well as the control of noise.

The laws promulgated by the government on controlling air pollution include the Public Health Law, the Radioactive Substances Law, the Automobile Use Regulations, and the Energy Law.

The promulgation of the above-mentioned various laws and notices has played an important role in controlling air pollution in London and protecting the urban environment.

Controlling pollution in accordance with the law has become the foundation for the British government to achieve long-term peace and stability. The various corresponding laws and notices issued by the government have laid the foundation for successfully controlling air pollution.

These bills impose strict restrictions on various exhaust emissions and formulate clear penalties, effectively reducing smoke and particulate matter.

By 1975, the number of foggy days in London had been reduced from dozens to 15 days per year, and in 1980 it further dropped to 5 days.

Secondly: The government vigorously develops public transportation facilities and imposes high-pressure control on private cars to reduce the number of private cars.

Since the 1980s, traffic pollution has replaced industrial pollution as the primary threat to London's air quality.

The ever-increasing number of cars has replaced burning coal as the main source of atmospheric pollution in the UK.

These substances undergo complex photochemical reactions under the action of ultraviolet rays in sunlight, producing a variety of secondary pollutants mainly ozone, which is the so-called "photochemical smog".

In response to this trend, the UK has required all new cars sold in 1993 to be equipped with catalytic converters to reduce nitrogen oxide pollution.

In 1995, the United Kingdom passed the Environment Act, which required the development of a national strategy to control pollution.

According to the standards of the United Kingdom, the European Union and the World Health Organization, quantitative pollution control targets that must be achieved by 2005 are set, requiring the industrial sector, traffic management departments and local governments to work together to reduce carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur dioxide.

emissions of various common pollutants.

At the same time, developing public transportation and reducing the number of private cars are also supporting means.

London has a strong public transportation system.

The subway, which has a history of more than 140 years, is the first choice for most Londoners to travel. The dense spider web of lines covers the entire London.

In addition to the subway, there are city trains, port light rail and hundreds of bus lines to divert crowds on the road.

Well-developed public transportation and the government's high-pressure measures against non-bus system vehicles make the public more willing to choose the subway or bus system for travel.

The UK has been committed to controlling the number of cars in urban areas. In 2003, it even used traffic congestion charges to restrict private cars from entering urban areas.

By February 2008, the entry fee for large-displacement cars in London had risen to 25 pounds per day, equivalent to RMB 350 per day.

This large amount of income is spent on public transportation.

Although there are many complaints about the congestion charging system, the fact is that traffic congestion in charging areas has been reduced by 30%.

London is planning to reduce private car traffic in London by 9% over the next 20 years.

Secondly: Establish environmental sanitation standards and impose heavy penalties on groups or individuals who fall below the standards.

With the European Community Environmental Action Plan Act 1973, the European Community Commission established a procedure requiring member states to agree on levels of pollutant concentrations in ambient air that cannot be exceeded by a set deadline.

The first guidance on air quality in the UK was produced in 1980 and at that time only covered soot and sulfur dioxide.

In 1995, the "Environmental Law" required the government to formulate a national air quality strategy for the first time, stipulating that each city must conduct an air quality evaluation and review. For areas that do not meet the standards, the government must designate air quality management areas and enforce them within a specified period.

Meet the standard within.

The new standards at this time already cover a variety of common pollutants such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur dioxide.

The EU requires its member states to have no more than 35 days of substandard air quality in 2012, otherwise they will face a huge fine of US$450 million.

The current British air quality standards and targets are taken from the EU's "Air Quality Framework Guidelines" and its sub-guidelines, which specify the limit values ??or target values ??of 12 pollutants.

Including sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter, lead, etc.

Thirdly, insist on long-term supervision and testing of PM10 and PM2.5 indicators.