The "chessboard" layout of the capital is a crisscross street grid. When we wander among them, there is a trance in the ancient capital written by Yasunari Kawabata in minutes. At the next intersection, maybe you will pass baryon ~
Kyoto, with a thousand years of history and cultural accumulation, is the spiritual hometown of writers such as Haruki Murakami, Yasunari Kawabata, Natsume Soseki and Yukio Mishima. It is also the source and symbolic place of Japanese culture, and it is naturally a must-see place for people who like Japanese traditional culture. Even if we can't come for a while, it won't prevent us from wandering in the vast literature of Kyoto.
If you want some light prose, you can read Taiwan Province writer Lin's essay "One Year in Kyoto" or Taipei legend Shu Guozhi's most capricious and carefree note about Kyoto "Kyoto for the layman". If you want to know more about the secret history of Kyoto, take a look at this book "The Mystery of Kyoto: Historical Changes and Mysteries of a Millennium Imperial Capital".
Nara Chen Ben, one of the authors of this book, is also a famous Japanese historian, focusing on the study of modern history. In the preface of this book, he bluntly said that he had lived in Kyoto for more than 50 years and began to compile the history of Kyoto after graduating from university, which made him fully realize the good and bad of Kyoto.
Now, as a person who tells the story of Kyoto to the outside world, he has enough confidence to objectively unveil the mystery of Kyoto according to historical facts, through some legends and folk stories handed down to this day, supplemented by this ingenious way of solving puzzles, and let us feel the charm of the ancient capital of the Millennium.
In chronological order, this book contains 65,438+08 mysteries, from the time when Emperor Kanmu moved its capital to Pingjing-for the sake of peace, to the dispute between the Bushi family and Genji family in Muromachi period, to the entry of Toyotomi Hideyoshi into Kyoto in Warring States period, and then to the transformation of modern Kyoto into an industrialized city, whether it is the architecture represented by shrines and temples, the courtyard style that embodies the harmonious coexistence between man and nature, or a manifestation of Kyoto people.
Kyoto, as the capital of Japanese history, moved its capital from Emperor Kanmu to Pinganjing (the old name of Kyoto) in 794, and went to? 1868 After the Meiji Restoration, Emperor Meiji moved to Tokyo, about 1200.
Although the capital was moved from time to time for political reasons in history, it is strange that Kyoto, which was selected by Emperor Kanmu at that time, was only a depression called Shanhouguo, with only a few villages; This and the then capital Nara (Pingchengjing) can be said to be "a sky, an underground" scene.
So, what made Emperor Kanmu have to move its capital from Nara (Pingchengjing)?
Here, I have to mention the two major factions of the Japanese emperor-Tianwu Department and Tianzhi Department, as well as the inheritance system of the ancient Japanese throne, father and son inheritance, brothers and sisters inheritance, and even husband and wife inheritance ... It is conceivable that the battle for the status of the Japanese emperor is so complicated and tragic.
Therefore, after Emperor Kanmu, the Ministry of Heaven, ascended the throne, faced with the intertwined forces of the Ministry of Heaven and Armed Forces in Nara, the capital at that time, and the infiltration of Buddhism into the imperial court at that time, it was imperative to know that it was necessary to move the capital.
However, Emperor Kanmu did not directly choose Kyoto (Ping An Jing) at first, but moved its capital from Nara (Chen Pingjing) to Nagaoka Jing. Later, because of the "No.1 Ghost" Prince Zao Liang, he finally moved the capital to northern Shaanxi and changed his name to Ping 'an Beijing. It was not until around 12 century that Kyoto gradually became the fixed name of Ping An Jing.
It can be seen that the little-known mountain country depression at that time was finally selected by Emperor Kanmu as the new capital-Ping An Jing, not only because of political and religious factors, but also because of the bereavement of King Zao Liang. The mystery of hatred will be introduced in detail below ~
Looking further, why was Kyoto, the capital with a thousand years' history, mercilessly abandoned by Meiji Emperor in the Meiji era?
You know, with the fall of the Tokugawa shogunate, the supreme power returned to the hands of Emperor Meiji. But the emperor held the imperial power and moved the capital to Tokyo. This, what the hell is going on?
It turned out that Kubo Junyi, one of the three outstanding figures in the Meiji Restoration, was the first person to suggest moving the capital. Because people in Kyoto have long been accustomed to worshipping the emperor as a god in the clouds, it has led to such a state of isolation. If you want to get rid of bad habits, only by letting the court leave Kyoto can you really regain real power, and it is the best policy for the emperor to join the people.
However, Kubo Junichi suggested moving the capital to Osaka at that time, and finally decided to move the capital to Edo out of the determination to suppress the shogunate and the desire to win the hearts and minds of Edo. After moving the capital to Edo, it was renamed Tokyo.
Interestingly, Kyoto people have always opposed the emperor's move to Tokyo. Although they have never been regarded as the same thing by the emperor, and they know that they can't keep the emperor in the end, and they have been exempted from land tax and industrial funds for a certain period of time, they still have some ideas in their hearts, so that when His Majesty comes to Kyoto for good luck, there will still be many Kyoto people chanting "Welcome home" in their hearts.
As mentioned earlier, Emperor Kanmu originally planned to build the new capital in Nagaoka, but due to the ghost incident of Prince Zaoliang, it finally decided to move the capital to Beijing Ping 'an. So, what is the hatred of Prince Zao Liang?
It turns out that Prince Zao Liang is Emperor Kanmu's younger brother. He was deposed as the Crown Prince because he was suspected of being involved in the plot to assassinate Emperor Fujiwara's cronies. On the way to exile in Awaji Island, he starved to death to prove his innocence.
Later, Emperor Kanmu's wife Fujiwara, biological mother Takano Mariko, and Empress Fujiwara passed away one after another, and the Ise Shrine suffered a fire, and the newly established Crown Prince was seriously ill. ...
The emperor summoned a divination teacher of Yin and Yang, and learned that it was the "spirit of resentment" of Prince Zaoliang, so he sent people to worship the tomb of Prince Zaoliang, and made him an emperor to worship Taoism and build shrines to worship Taoism, but it seemed to have no effect. Finally, I simply gave up Nagaoka Jing and moved the capital to the back of the mountain at that time, and named it Ping An Jing, which means "the capital of peace and stability".
Because of this incident, it is generally believed that the book "Ping An Jing" is related to ghosts, although most of those "ghosts" are people who failed in the political struggle of the imperial court, such as Sugawara no michizane, one of the "three Japanese GREAT GHOST".
Sugawara no michizane was born in an intellectual family, and made great academic achievements. He was once entrusted with a heavy responsibility by Emperor Yudo to contain the power of Fujiwara family. Unfortunately, when Emperor Yudo gave way to Emperor Wei Xiao, and Emperor Wei Xiao relied heavily on Fujiwara's family in order to consolidate his political power, Sugawara no michizane could only become a gorgeous victim of this political power struggle-he died of grief during exile.
According to legend, after the death of Daozhen, the "resentful spirits" launched a series of gruesome revenge actions, specifically "making trouble" for Fujiwara clan and people related to Diji. First, the emperor's grandson died of illness one after another, and then there was a lightning strike in the pavilion of the palace, which caused many court executives to get electrocuted on the spot, and even the emperor died three months after this incident.
In order to quell the "resentful spirit" of Taoism, Fujiwara people also spared no effort to offer various sacrifices, and even converted the legendary Kitano Shrine, which accepted the "resentful spirit" of Taoism, into the Kitano Tianman Palace. But in any case, every summer when the sky thunders, people in Kyoto always say that all thunder is really "ghosts" cursing Fujiwara's relatives.
This makes the Fujiwara family very headache.
In order not to let people continue to associate Daozhen's "resentful spirit" with the lightning curse, Fujiwara tried his best to make use of Daozhen's knowledge before his death and simply transformed his image of "resentful spirit" into a learning god who blessed ordinary people to acquire knowledge and education.
From then on, Tao Zhen opened the second life of the deceased.
Then, in Japan, students from all over the world come to Shinto shrine to pray to be the first in the entrance examination. I just don't know, do they know Sugawara no michizane's past life, the god of learning?
But as long as it can appease the dead, who will take it seriously? Perhaps this is the "spiritual belief" of Kyoto people.
Frankly speaking, The Mystery of Kyoto is a bit difficult to read, especially for readers who know nothing about Japanese history. But it is precisely because of this that the experience of reading these 18 puzzles is like presetting 18 puzzles in our brains, which may even be connected into a line one day, arousing all our curiosity and wanting to fully understand the past lives of Kyoto ~
And if you are a reader who has a certain understanding of Japanese history, read the book "The Mystery of Kyoto" again, and you will be like a duck to water. You might as well try.
"Part of the map comes from the network, and it is invaded and deleted"
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I'm Chu Xi, thank you for reading, welcome to pay attention ~