The main mangrove species in this area is Kandelia candel. From a global perspective, the pure forest of this species grows best only in Jiulong River estuary in Fujian (that is, within the scope of this nature reserve) and Gongdanshui estuary in Taiwan Province Province (Zhu Wei area), which can be called the most complete sister forest of Kandelia candel in the world. There are several large-area pure forests as high as 6 ~ 7m in this area, and the highest record of Kandelia candel in this area is over 10m, which is the highest world record of this species and also the gene bank of Kandelia candel. The lowest forest in the world is also the most intact mangrove forest.
The geographical coordinates of the center of the nature reserve are199 34' north latitude and110 45' east longitude, which are located along the coast of Qinglan Port in Wenchang City. The protected area is 2,948 hectares and the forest area is 2,732 hectares. The jurisdiction includes Fengjia Port and Puqian Port. The nature reserve was approved in 198 1 year. Originally a county-level nature reserve, it was upgraded to a provincial nature reserve. There is a management station in the reserve, which is located in Touwan Village. There are 325 species of birds recorded in Mai Po, among which there are about 90 species of kingfishers. People like several kinds of fish lang of Kingfisher family best. Most of them feed on fish. Kokookaburra in Australia preys on insects and small animals, while red jadeite in Southeast Asia breaks snails on stones to eat their meat.
The four kinds of fish lang living in Mai Po are all experts in fishing. The biggest spotted fish lang is black and white with black spots on it. The grouper lang is regarded as a symbol of the Mai Po project of the World Wildlife Fund. White-breasted fish lang is widely active in shrimp ponds, swamps and coastal areas, and its emerald blue back and snow-white chest are eye-catching. Blackhead jadeite is distinguished by its blackhead, green back, white neck and light orange belly. A kingfisher called "Yulang" by local people has a sky-blue back and an orange belly. In Mai Po, the number of "fishing lang" is the largest, which can be seen all year round, and several couples breed in Mai Po. In winter, the number of kingfishers in Mai Po Nature Reserve is the largest. Kingfishers live in caves, which are 0.75 ~ 1.5m long and have an oval nest at the end, where females lay eggs. 3 ~ 4 pieces per nest.
The water surface of the shrimp pond in Mai Po swamp and the trees on the exposed platform of the pond are simply the world of herons. Great egrets, little egrets, pond herons, herons and night herons all live here. There are 5 species of egrets in Hong Kong and 3 species in Mai Po. Large egrets and small egrets have the largest number. In summer, they leave Mai Po and breed on tall broad-leaved trees in other parts of Hong Kong. Cattle egrets like dry environment and come to Mai Po to breed in summer and put on beautiful feathers. Pool heron, green heron and night heron are smaller.
There are 6 species of spoonbills in the world, and 2 species in Mai Po, namely white spoonbill and black-faced spoonbill. The shape of spoonbill is similar to that of heron. Therefore, it is classified as spoonbills subfamily. Among the six species of spoonbills, the most beautiful is the American rose-red spoonbill, and the rarest is the black-faced spoonbill. There are 300 ~ 350 black-faced spoonbills in the world. There are 100 wintering in Mai Po. The mangrove forest in Zhu Wei is the largest pure forest of Chinese brush in Taiwan Province Province. In addition to Chinese brush, there are four kinds of plant communities: bitter forest disk type, reed type, imperata type and salt rat tail chestnut. In fact, in mangrove ecology, many creatures are mostly the same. For example, fiddler crabs and mudskippers are common in every mangrove ecosystem. Other birds or plants, etc. Because of the different environments such as topography and climate, the common species are different.