Why is intestinal cancer so terrible? Not only refers to the terrible intestinal cancer, all cancers are terrible, and many cancers are more terrible than intestinal cancer. What is terrible is its high incidence rate and the trend of rejuvenation. In fact, as long as it can be found early and treated correctly, the five-year survival rate of colorectal cancer is above 80%. At this point, it seems that intestinal cancer is not so terrible, and it is difficult to find it early.
How can we find intestinal cancer early? 1. Digital rectal examination: A doctor can preliminarily judge whether there is rectal cancer by palpating the rectum with his fingers. More than half of patients with colorectal cancer in China are rectal cancer, and most of them can be found by rectal digital examination.
2. fecal occult blood test: tumor invading intestinal mucosa and submucosal blood vessels will lead to a small amount of bleeding, which is difficult to see with naked eyes, but fecal occult blood test can find these small amounts of bleeding very sensitively. The fecal occult blood test is very helpful for the early detection of intestinal cancer.
3. colonoscopy: colonoscopy directly observes intestinal lesions. If abnormality is found, a small amount of tissue can be taken for pathological examination. Colonoscopy is the best method to diagnose intestinal cancer at present.
How to prevent intestinal cancer? 1. Diet prevention: High dietary fiber can reduce the risk of intestinal cancer. It is suggested to increase the intake of fruits, vegetables and raw materials and avoid too much or too much meat.
2. Control alcohol and quit smoking: Studies show that long-term smoking and long-term heavy drinking are high-risk factors for intestinal cancer.
3. Exercise to lose weight: According to China's Opinions on Prevention of Colorectal Cancer (20 16, Shanghai), obesity is a potential high-risk factor for colorectal cancer, and reasonable exercise can reduce the risk of colorectal cancer.
4. Intestinal polyps with cancer risk should be treated in time.
In fact, if early detection and early treatment can be achieved, it will not be so terrible. Colorectal cancer screening is an effective method for early detection of intestinal cancer. The American Cancer Society advises people at average risk to have a colonoscopy every ten years from the age of 50. For young people, if they have a family history of intestinal cancer, familial adenomatous polyp or abnormal symptoms (bloody stool, increased stool frequency, mucus stool and abdominal pain, etc.). ), they should go to the hospital in time and have a colonoscopy if necessary.
I am a general practitioner, and it is not easy to code words. Your praise, comments and concern are my greatest affirmation. If you find it useful, you can also forward it to your friends around you. Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in China, with nearly 200,000 deaths each year, accounting for about half of the new cases. Some patients with intestinal cancer were cured by surgery, adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy, or their survival time was prolonged, mainly in patients with early onset. Some patients with low histological grade and poor genotyping often metastasize quickly. Half of the patients with colorectal cancer may eventually have liver metastasis, and about 1/3 patients have lung metastasis.
For advanced colorectal cancer, although anti-angiogenic drugs can be used, the effect is not ideal and it is not a first-line treatment. There are clinical studies on immunotherapy, and the effect is good, but the adaptive population is limited, ranging from10% to15%, including those who can't afford it. Clinical data show that the 5-year survival rate of stage ⅳ colorectal cancer is only about 13%. Therefore, the front of intestinal cancer must move forward. It is best not to develop cancer, at least in the early stage, and it is too difficult to fight it in the later stage.
Cancer is caused by changes in its own cells, and prevention is not as easy as dealing with microorganisms, such as vaccination without antibiotics. Therefore, the prevention of intestinal cancer can not be absolutely avoided, but it can reduce the incidence. In addition to objective factors such as age and heredity, we can only start with subjective factors such as eating habits and lifestyle.
At present, everyone's understanding of intestinal cancer caused by animal diet with high protein, high fat and low cellulose is relatively consistent! Why? Intake of these foods with high nutrition and high energy will inevitably lead to an increase in bile acid secretion, and its metabolite is methyl cholanthrene, which is a kind of carcinogen, that is, it is recognized that it has a clear correlation with cancer. Low-fiber diet mainly buffers harmful substances in the intestine, and intestinal peristalsis and fecal transport are also slow. Some studies are related to probiotics, and the conclusions are not clear.
In addition to dietary factors, some lifestyles also affect the occurrence of intestinal cancer, pointing out that sedentary is the most common, and the reason may be the deterioration of intestinal peristalsis. Obesity is an endocrine factor, which has a lot to do with diet and exercise. Some people say that eating too much sugar is not good. The biggest reason is that eating too much sugar can easily lead to obesity, so it seems that we should eat less sweets.
Some studies on vitamins and minerals to reduce the incidence of intestinal cancer have not obtained high evidence. Aspirin is the most commonly used drug to interfere with the occurrence of intestinal cancer, but it is also controversial. There are also side effects such as gastrointestinal irritation and bleeding, and it is not recommended for routine prevention of intestinal cancer.
The incidence of intestinal cancer in China is soaring at the rate of 3.7% per year, while the incidence of intestinal cancer in the United States is declining at the rate of 3% per year. The diet in America is high in calories and nutrition. Red meat and processed meat are not theirs. Why? Screening! Early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment are the second line of defense to prevent cancer, which is very effective for intestinal cancer!
85% of patients with intestinal cancer are through adenoma. Polypadenoma (neoplasia) infiltrates carcinoma in situ. How long does it take from adenoma to carcinoma in situ? 10- 15! If colonoscopy can be done to kill adenoma during this period, where does the cancer come from? Screening is very important, colonoscopy is the gold standard! I'm Dr. @ Liu Yongyi, thank you for reading!
The incidence of colorectal cancer ranks third among all tumors, second only to lung cancer and gastric cancer. Every year, more than 300,000 people are diagnosed with colorectal cancer, and more than 200,000 patients die of colorectal cancer.
In fact, colorectal cancer is not as terrible as everyone thinks. Colorectal cancer is a kind of cancer that can be prevented and found early. Because more than 80% of colorectal cancer is caused by malignant transformation of intestinal polyps. It takes at least 10 years from the occurrence of intestinal polyps to colorectal cancer. If polyps can be found and removed within this 10 year, colorectal cancer can be prevented, so colorectal cancer can be prevented.
The occurrence of colorectal cancer has a very important relationship with bad living and eating habits. To prevent colorectal cancer, we need to start from the following aspects:
(1) Eat more fruits and vegetables.
Eating more fruits and vegetables, rich in dietary fiber, can promote intestinal peristalsis and defecation, which is good for the intestine. Studies have shown that a high fiber diet can reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer.
(2) Eat less red meat and processed meat.
Meat can provide abundant protein, which is what we need. However, you can't eat too much of anything, especially processed meat such as cured meat, bacon and ham, and red meat such as pork, beef and mutton. The intake of these meats should be moderate, and it is more appropriate to eat them twice a week.
(3) Exercise properly and control your weight
Sedentary, inactivity, obesity and diabetes may all increase the incidence of colorectal cancer. In order to prevent colorectal cancer, everyone should exercise more, control their weight, keep their weight within the normal range, and avoid obesity and emaciation.
(4) Regular physical examination
For us ordinary people, if there are no uncomfortable symptoms, we should start to receive colonoscopy from the age of 45 to 50. If there is nothing wrong with colonoscopy, we can take care of it for about ten years, and then we can check it again after ten years.
In short, colorectal cancer can be prevented. Maintaining good living and eating habits and regular physical examination can prevent the occurrence of colorectal cancer.
Colon cancer and rectal cancer are the most common cancers, that is, colorectal cancer, which has become the third largest cancer, and small bowel cancer is rare. The average age of onset of colorectal cancer in China is 48.3 years old, while the average age of onset in the United States is 69.8 years old, 20 years ahead of schedule. Moreover, there are more and more patients under the age of 40 in China, and most of them are in the late stage.
High risk factors for colorectal cancer include the following:
hereditary factor
About 65,438+00% colorectal cancer has obvious familial genetic tendency, which is usually difficult to correct. However, we should pay more attention to the prevention of colorectal cancer and make regular examinations. Even if colorectal cancer occurs, we can achieve good results as long as it is found and treated early. As the saying goes, "30 years earlier, 3 months later". The five-year survival rate of patients with early detection of colorectal cancer can reach 90%.
intestinal polyp
Although benign intestinal polyps will not grow indefinitely, they may become cancerous after 10- 15 years. Data show that 80% of colorectal cancer evolved from intestinal polyps, and the canceration rate of familial polyposis is as high as 100%. Intestinal polyps should be removed in time and colonoscopy should be done regularly.
Chronic colitis
For example, ulcerative colitis, there will be wounds after ulcer erosion, and the wounds will be repaired. If there is a problem in the repair process, it will become cancerous.
The early symptoms of colorectal cancer are not specific, such as abdominal pain, increased defecation, constipation, loose stool, increased fart and hematochezia, which are easily confused with gastrointestinal diseases, especially hematochezia. Therefore, colonoscopy is the best choice for colorectal cancer screening.
In addition to a good lifestyle (applicable to any disease), the most important thing to prevent colorectal cancer is to be able to eat, not to eat blindly. Don't always want to satisfy your mouth, eat whatever you want, don't eat anything if you don't want to, and consider the feeling of your stomach. After all, what smells good is mouth enjoyment, but what smells bad is gastrointestinal treatment. In the end, we will bear the consequences ourselves.
Hello, I'm glad to answer your question. Colorectal cancer is one of the common malignant tumors in clinic, and its incidence rate is increasing year by year. According to the statistics of national tumor cases up to 20 15, the mortality rate is about the fifth among all tumors. The so-called intestinal cancer refers to a malignant tumor originating from colorectal epithelial mucosa. Terrible is that it is hidden, it is difficult to be found in the early stage, and the affected population is younger. This reminds me of a young male patient admitted some time ago. He is almost 40 years old. When I collected the medical history, I found that I had discomfort such as loose stool and abdominal distension in the past year. Because I was busy with work and socializing, I mistakenly thought it was enteritis, so I used some antibiotics myself. Symptoms range from mild to severe, and then the condition gradually worsens. There is blood in the stool in the past three months, and the blood is mixed with the stool. Because he had hemorrhoids before, he thought it was a hemorrhoid attack. In the past month, he developed severe abdominal distension, anemia and emaciation. After going to the hospital for examination, it was diagnosed as adenocarcinoma of ascending colon by endoscopic and histological examination. What is even more frightening is that there are space-occupying lesions of different sizes in the liver. Yes Colon cancer with important organ metastasis means poor staging, limited treatment and poor prognosis. The patient's friend is very young, which makes me remember it vividly. It's really terrible to calm down and think about it. Why is colorectal cancer so difficult to find?
I think there are three problems. First of all, most malignant tumors are difficult to be found in the early stage, and most of them have no obvious symptoms and signs, and colorectal cancer is no exception, lacking early typical symptoms. With the popularization of physical examination, individual patients can be found during physical examination; Secondly, because many patients have symptoms of abnormal stool or bloody stool, they are often mistaken for hemorrhoids, which delays the illness and makes it more concealed; Finally, a large number of patients are afraid of colonoscopy and are lucky. They usually have symptoms, but they will be delayed until they develop into advanced intestinal cancer.
Next, let's talk about the common causes of colorectal cancer, understand the causes and take effective preventive measures.
1. Common causes of colorectal cancer
At present, the known reasons are:
① Familial polyposis of colorectal cancer, that is, intestinal polyps develop from malignant to colorectal cancer. The disease has obvious family clustering characteristics, that is, there are intestinal polyps or intestinal malignant tumors in immediate family members (parents, brothers and uncles), and the probability of their children suffering from intestinal malignant tumors is extremely high. They met their father who had colon cancer. Three of the four daughters have high-risk intestinal polyps, and high-risk polyps are prone to villous polyps.
② Nitrite food stimulates intestinal mucosa and induces cancer. At present, nitrite has been included in the list of carcinogens, and its carcinogenicity is clear. For example, excessive intake of foods with high nitrite content such as bacon, salted fish, processed meat products and sauerkraut can directly lead to malignant tumors in the digestive tract. For example, coastal areas like to eat salted fish (dried fish), and the incidence of cancer is higher than other areas; People who like to eat processed foods such as sausages and sauerkraut have a higher incidence of tumors than others.
In addition, long-term consumption of barbecue and fried food, carcinogen benzopyrene content is too high, will also induce intestinal cancer.
The above situation belongs to high-risk groups and needs active monitoring and prevention.
Scholars believe that smoking and drinking, water pollution, ulcerative colitis and other factors may also be the inducement of intestinal malignant tumors.
Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of colorectal cancer
? Clinical manifestations can be asymptomatic in the early stage. With the development of the disease, according to the location and progress of the tumor, it can be summarized as follows.
① The change of stool regularity is mainly distinguished from the frequency, regularity and shape of stool.
For example, once the stool was once or twice a day, it had a shape, but now it is gradually increased to three or four times, accompanied by diarrhea or gradually developed into difficulty in defecation and constipation. I used to defecate regularly every morning, but now I gradually lose my regularity and the defecation time is not fixed. In patients with rectal cancer, tumor occupying affects intestinal peristalsis and stool passage, and often the stool shape changes gradually, the stool becomes thinner and the stool volume decreases.
② Blood in the stool or blood in the stool. Patients with colorectal cancer often mistake hematochezia for hemorrhoids, and it is more common to delay their illness. Hematocrit in the stool of intestinal malignant tumor is mainly mixed blood in the early stage. In severe cases, tumor tissue invades blood vessels, and bloody stool may appear, and the color of blood is dark red.
③ Abdominal mass, left colon cancer mostly touches the hard mass of left abdomen or left navel; The right colon cancer can touch the hard mass in the right abdomen.
④ Abdominal pain and bloating. Patients with colon cancer often have abdominal pain and abdominal distension, which are gradually aggravated, mostly caused by tumor infiltration and infiltration into intestinal mucosa. After intestinal obstruction, the function is affected, and patients may have abdominal distension, anorexia and indigestion.
⑤ With the aggravation of the disease, the patient loses weight, and metastasis may occur in the later stage, such as liver, bone, lung and other organs. At the same time, cachexia such as anemia, emaciation, ascites and fever may occur. At this time, the prognosis is poor and the survival rate is low.
? Diagnosis of colorectal cancer
① Colonoscopy and histopathological examination are the gold standard.
Colonoscopy can find intestinal polyps that are easy to become malignant early and treat them in time. There is no impact on health at this time. Polyp develops into malignant tumor, whether it is mass type, infiltration type or ulcer type, colonoscopy can be observed. Pathological biopsy is used to identify cytological types and establish stages, such as adenocarcinoma, mucinous adenocarcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma. The higher the degree of differentiation, the smaller the degree of malignancy.
② Digital rectal examination can detect rectal cancer early. Digital rectal examination is a common diagnostic method in anorectal department, which is simple and practical, and has diagnostic value. However, most people have psychological fear of this diagnostic method, so they miss the best treatment opportunity.
③ Other diagnoses, such as persistent positive fecal occult blood and abnormal increase of tumor markers (such as carcinoembryonic antigen CEA and carbohydrate antigen 199), are all related to tumors, which should be paid enough attention to.
Three. How to prevent colorectal cancer
① Regular review of colonoscopy.
Regular colonoscopy review is mainly aimed at high-risk groups of colorectal cancer, such as familial adenomatous polyps and people with intestinal malignant tumors in their immediate family members. It is suggested that colonoscopy should be reviewed regularly for effective monitoring over 40 years old. Long-term drinking and frequent consumption of salted fish, processed meat products, leftovers, barbecue and fried foods are also high-risk groups, and colonoscopy can be done regularly to prevent intestinal tumors; Patients with ulcerative colitis also need regular colonoscopy monitoring, active treatment, control the progress of the disease and prevent malignant transformation.
② The influence of eating habits.
In order to avoid the occurrence of intestinal tumors, we can reduce the intake of food containing nitrite and benzopyrene, such as barbecue, fried and pickled food.
Can increase the intake of crude fiber food, as well as fresh fruits, vegetables, fungi and so on.
③ Develop good living habits.
Develop the habit of regular defecation, rest on time, exercise properly, avoid negative emotions such as staying up late, nervousness and anxiety, quit smoking and limit alcohol, exercise properly, do aerobic exercise such as walking, jogging and dancing, increase physical fitness and improve your immune defense ability.
Summary:
Early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment are the magic weapons to inhibit all tumors, and colorectal cancer is no exception. Although the disease is younger, and the incidence and mortality are higher, regular review of colonoscopy in high-risk groups can effectively prevent and block the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer. Healthy people can have routine physical examination, early detection and early treatment, and can achieve the goal of long-term survival without excessive tension and anxiety.
Good regular living habits, positive and optimistic attitude and healthy and reasonable diet structure can give full play to their own immune ability and prevent the occurrence of tumors. With the progress of medicine, I believe that it is not a dream to beat cancer in the future!
Finally, I hope my answer is helpful to you!
Intestinal cancer is a kind of digestive tract tumor, which generally refers to colorectal cancer, including colon cancer and rectal cancer. Rectal cancer is common in China, and the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer ranks fifth among all malignant tumors.
Intestinal cancer mostly occurs in middle-aged and elderly people over 40 years old, and rectal cancer is more common in men. Why are there young people now?
The etiology of colorectal cancer is still unclear, and it is generally believed to be related to many factors such as environment, eating habits and heredity. The occurrence of colorectal cancer is closely related to eating habits. It is generally believed that low fiber, high fat, high protein, lack of trace elements and vitamins are important factors in the occurrence of colorectal cancer.
Nowadays, many young people are particularly keen on fried, grilled, pickled, smoked and other foods, but they don't know that these foods (especially those produced irregularly) contain a lot of nitrite and nitrosamine, which are carcinogens and can lead to tumors. And I like staying up late for a long time, which leads to endocrine disorders and low immunity, leaving an opportunity for tumors.
In addition, genetic factors can not be ignored. Most of these patients are young and usually have a family history. The canceration rate of familial adenomatous polyposis is higher than that of healthy people. Smoking, obesity and mental stress are also risk factors for colorectal cancer, so it is not unreasonable for everyone to lose weight properly.
Nowadays, gastrointestinal endoscopy is advocated, so which groups should pay more attention to routine gastrointestinal endoscopy?
How to prevent it? Is to pay attention to maintain a high-fiber and low-fat diet, eat more fruits and vegetables, keep the stool unobstructed, and be happy.
Although the incidence of intestinal cancer is high, it can be reduced through effective prevention. As far as cancer prevention is concerned, prevention means include primary prevention, secondary prevention and tertiary prevention.
Primary prevention is to prevent cancer by eliminating the cause or avoiding contact with carcinogens, that is, to prevent from the cause. Intestinal cancer is closely related to environmental factors and lifestyle. The main risk factors of intestinal cancer are high fat, high protein and low cellulose diet.
Due to the development of economy and the improvement of people's living standards, the quality of fat and protein ingested from diet has increased rapidly, which has become the main reason for the rising incidence of colorectal cancer. Secondly, precancerous lesions of intestinal cancer and bad living habits are also common causes.
From the known factors related to the incidence of colon cancer, the prevention of colon cancer should pay attention to the following aspects:
In general, colon cancer is rare among minors, and the incidence rate of patients under 20 years old is only 0.2%. Even so, it can't be said that it is not serious. The Journal of the American College of Surgeons published a study that colon cancer in children and adolescents may be more deadly than that in adults.
The main reasons are: first, the symptoms of clinical staging appear late and the early diagnosis rate is low; Second, the pathological type is malignant and easy to transfer; Third, like adults, the radical cure rate is low; Fourth, there is a lack of postoperative adjuvant therapy.
For intestinal cancer, prevention is the best way. First of all, good eating habits, weight control and exercise can reduce your cancer risk by more than 40%. This sentence is not what I said, but a summary made by the American Health Foundation.
Forty years ago, bowel cancer was almost unheard of by ordinary people, but it has become the fifth leading cause of cancer death in China after lung cancer, stomach cancer, esophageal cancer and liver cancer. I think, needless to say, we can also think that with the increase of economic income, people are used to giving priority to meat, but they have long been dismissive of the past "rough tea and light rice"
What factors will increase the risk of intestinal cancer?
1. Processed meat and red meat:
Processed meat: such as sausage, ham, bacon, hot dog, etc. , is a carcinogen recognized by the world.
Red meat (such as cattle, sheep and pork), when consumed more than 500 grams per week, will also increase the risk of intestinal cancer.
2. Drinking: Studies have shown that alcohol intake will increase the risk of more than a dozen cancers, including what we are talking about here.
3. Eating too little vegetables and fruits: As we all know, these foods are rich in dietary fiber, which can resist oxidation and block carcinogens (mainly ammonium nitrite).
4. Overweight and obesity: Obesity may lead to 13 different types of cancer, including intestinal cancer, breast cancer, uterine cancer and renal cancer. Therefore, it is reported that 1/20 cancer can be prevented if a healthy weight can be maintained.
By doing so, the incidence of intestinal cancer will be at least halved.
1. Eat more coarse grains and return to a green diet: In many cases, there is nothing wrong with returning to the basics, because these grains, fruits and vegetables can promote intestinal movement and are also "food" for intestinal probiotics. Compared with the two, the whole grain dietary fiber has a stronger role in preventing intestinal cancer than plant fiber.
Among vegetables and fruits, citrus, strawberry, cruciferous vegetables (such as broccoli, cauliflower, Chinese cabbage, rape, kale, mustard, watercress, arugula, etc. ) and spinach and other green leafy vegetables rich in folic acid and chlorophyll. In addition, scientists at Hanlin University in South Korea found that carrots, celery, olive oil, green peppers, chamomile tea and mint have inhibitory effects on cancer cells.
2. Exercise: Exercise can not only reduce the risk of obesity, but also reduce constipation caused by low intestinal peristalsis, which is good for preventing intestinal cancer.
3. Reduce the intake of the above risk factors: don't eat white rice and flour, try to eat less processed meat products, red meat should not exceed 75 grams per day, and limit alcohol intake. Of course, although there is little correlation between colorectal cancer and smoking, smoking is an important factor leading to many other cancers.
I hope my answer is helpful to you. Please pay attention. Want to continuously update related medical issues.
In recent years, the incidence of intestinal cancer in China has increased significantly, and it is often heard that people are diagnosed with intestinal cancer at a young age. The early symptoms of intestinal cancer are hidden. How to prevent it?
Watching the news, another young man died of intestinal cancer. Why is intestinal cancer so terrible? Can it be prevented? Generally speaking, patients with early intestinal cancer will not have obvious symptoms, but with the aggravation of the disease, patients will have some typical manifestations, such as defecation habits, changes in stool shape, increased defecation times or constipation, bloody stool with pus and so on. Persistent abdominal pain; Nodular mass appeared in abdomen; Patients may also have symptoms such as fatigue, anemia, low fever and edema. The occurrence of intestinal cancer is closely related to patients' eating habits. Long-term diet is too greasy, dietary fiber intake is insufficient, and bad habits such as smoking and drinking all the year round are easy to lead to intestinal cancer. In addition, intestinal cancer also has a certain genetic susceptibility.
Therefore, to prevent intestinal cancer, we need to actively correct bad living habits, eat reasonably and be vegetarian reasonably. If a relative at home has intestinal cancer, he should go to the hospital for examination and exclusion, and have regular examination every year.
Recently, I heard such news one after another in the hospital, and I always heard such content in my ear.
Three days ago, a very famous professor of our orthopedics passed away. Just left a few days ago.
I heard a famous professor that day, and he also had a problem, that is, rectal cancer.
Why is this?
Hearing this, I really broke out in a cold sweat. Because I know how to prevent this thing, it all came too suddenly.
Is there any good way to prevent it?
Let's talk about two aspects.
1 The patient underwent colonoscopy. I think it is ok for people over 45 to do it once every three years. Many things are beyond our imagination, and the sooner the better.
Second, the most important reason is that people eat too much meat and have little activity. One of the best things about high fiber is sweet potato. Eating more will definitely do you good.
Of course, you should know that these are also closely related to genes, but knowing the above two points can save many people.