China believes that the reform of the United Nations should follow the following principles:

The reform should be conducive to promoting multilateralism, enhancing the authority and efficiency of the United Nations and its ability to cope with new threats and challenges.

Reform should uphold the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, especially sovereign equality, non-interference in internal affairs, peaceful settlement of disputes and strengthening international cooperation.

The reform is all-round and multi-faceted, and it should make achievements in both security and development, especially to reverse the trend of "emphasizing security over development" in the work of the United Nations, increase investment in development, and promote the implementation of the Millennium Development Goals.

The reform should meet the demands and concerns of all Member States, especially the developing countries. Democracy should be promoted, full consultation should be held, and the broadest consensus should be sought.

The reform should be easy before difficult and step by step, which is conducive to maintaining and enhancing the unity of United Nations Member States. To reach an agreement on the proposal, you can make a decision as soon as possible and put it into practice; We should be cautious about major issues where differences still exist, continue consultations, strive for broad agreement, and do not artificially set a time limit or force decisions.

the role of the United nations in international affairs is indispensable. As the most universal, representative and authoritative intergovernmental international organization, the United Nations is the best place to practice multilateralism and an effective platform to collectively deal with various threats and challenges. It should continue to be the messenger of maintaining peace and the pioneer of promoting development. Strengthening the role of the United Nations through reform is in the common interest of all mankind.

China welcomes the report of the High-level Panel of Eminent Persons on Threats, Challenges and Change, the report of the United Nations Millennium Development Project and the comprehensive report of the Secretary-General. These reports put forward many useful and feasible ideas and suggestions on revitalizing and reforming the United Nations. China is willing to work with all parties to achieve positive results in the reform of the United Nations and the success of the summit to be held in September this year.

I. Development

Development is the common aspiration of people of all countries and the foundation of collective security mechanism and human civilization and progress. Poverty, disease and environmental degradation also pose serious challenges to the international community. We should attach importance to the needs of developing countries and achieve global coordinated, balanced and universal development.

(1) Poverty

- The urgent task to solve the poverty problem is to promote the implementation of the UN Millennium Development Goals. This should be the focus of the United Nations reform and the September summit.

- We should guide the balanced development of globalization and strengthen the equal participation and decision-making power of developing countries in international economic affairs.

- China supports developing countries to formulate and start comprehensive national strategies to achieve the Millennium Development Goals as soon as possible according to their national conditions. The international community should provide necessary assistance to this end.

- international development assistance should fully consider the national conditions of developing countries and increase the autonomy and participation rights of recipient countries in order to improve the aid effect.

- China supports the Secretary-General's proposal on the timetable for official development assistance to reach .7% of GNP, and believes that specific implementation plans should be formulated and corresponding monitoring and evaluation mechanisms should be established.

- While giving full play to the leading role of official development assistance, support the international community to explore innovative financing methods as a useful supplement to official development assistance.

- promote the reform and improvement of the international financial system, make it follow the principle of equality and mutual benefit, monitor and guide the rational flow of international capital, and prevent financial crisis.

- An open and fair multilateral trading system should be established and improved, the interests of developing members and new members should be fully considered, subsidies for agricultural products should be eliminated as soon as possible, and tariff and non-tariff trade barriers should be substantially reduced as authorized by the Doha Declaration.

- China supports pushing the Sixth Hong Kong Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organization to reach an agreement on the negotiation mode in accordance with the July 24 framework agreement and the Doha Ministerial Declaration, so as to complete the Doha Round of the World Trade Organization negotiations as soon as possible and make it truly a "development round".

- Developed countries should effectively reduce the debts of developing countries so that more funds can be used for development.

- The public-private partnership should be encouraged to mobilize various resources to promote economic growth and eradicate poverty.

- China supports strengthening South-South cooperation, sharing experiences, expanding cooperation, mutual benefit and mutual assistance, and enhancing the internal capacity for development.

(II) Diseases

- All countries should continue to implement the UN General Assembly resolutions 58/3 and 59/27 on "strengthening global public health capacity building", incorporate the development of public health into their respective development plans and activities, establish a scientific and standardized public health system, and improve the monitoring, prevention, control, treatment and information notification of infectious diseases. Developed countries should provide assistance to developing countries.

- Relevant agencies of the United Nations system should consider incorporating public health into their activities, programmes and planning, further support countries in strengthening public health capacity building and promote international cooperation.

- The guidance and coordination role of the World Health Organization and other relevant international organizations in disease prevention and control should be strengthened. China supports the provision of more resources to the WHO Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network.

- China supports reaching an agreement on amending the International Health Regulations as soon as possible.

- AIDS prevention and control should be further strengthened. The urgent task is to accelerate the implementation of the relevant commitments in the Declaration of the Special Session of the General Assembly on AIDS within the existing cooperation framework. Developed countries should fulfill their commitments and provide more financial and technical support for AIDS prevention and treatment in developing countries.

- There is no accepted standard on how to define whether infectious diseases pose a threat to international peace and security. As a body mainly dealing with issues that pose a major threat to international peace and security, the Security Council should not duplicate the work of other bodies.

(3) Environment

- China advocates establishing Scientific Outlook on Development, integrating sustainable development and environmental protection into the national development strategy, and coordinating the relationship among economic, social development and environmental protection.

- countries should carry out international cooperation on sustainable development in accordance with the principle of "* * * common but differentiated responsibilities", with the focus on helping developing countries effectively cope with environmental challenges, especially helping them solve urgent problems such as water shortage, urban air pollution, ecological deterioration and desertification. Developed countries should fulfill their commitments and provide relevant technology transfer and financial support to developing countries to help them build their capacity.

- sustainable development is the most effective way to deal with global climate change. When formulating energy policies, climate change policies and other related policies, the international community should take into account the actual needs and challenges of various countries.

- The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change provides an effective framework for international cooperation in tackling climate change. The obligations stipulated by the Kyoto Protocol for the countries concerned in 28-212, including reducing greenhouse gases and providing assistance to developing countries in technology transfer, financial support and capacity building, should be effectively fulfilled.

- After 212, developed countries should continue to take the lead in adopting emission reduction measures in accordance with the principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities" in the Convention. At the same time, the international community can explore more pragmatic and flexible international mechanisms, promote international technical cooperation, promote the application of advanced energy technologies in developing countries, promote sustainable development, and improve the international community's ability to cope with climate change.

- China supports strengthening coordination and cooperation among existing environmental agencies, integrating resources, improving efficiency and promoting policy coordination. China is willing to study relevant proposals aimed at achieving the above objectives.

(4) Natural disasters

- China supports the establishment of a global early warning system for all natural disasters as soon as possible, and strengthens coordination and cooperation at the national, regional and international levels in emergency humanitarian assistance and disaster risk reduction.

II. Security Issues

We agree with the Secretary-General's proposal to take collective action to deal with various security threats and challenges, which is consistent with the goal of establishing a new security concept of "mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and cooperation" advocated by China. The key to establishing an effective, efficient and fair collective security mechanism is to adhere to multilateralism, promote the democratization and rule of law in international relations, adhere to the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, strengthen the authority and capacity of the United Nations, and safeguard the position of the Security Council as the core of the collective security system.

(1) War and conflict

- Conflicts between countries should be resolved through equal consultation and peaceful negotiation in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations and international law.

- The complexity of internal conflicts, whether it endangers international peace and security, should be analyzed on a case by case basis. Resolving internal conflicts should mainly rely on the efforts of the people concerned. External support should be based on the Charter of the United Nations, take international law as the criterion, adopt a cautious and responsible attitude, and comprehensively apply political and diplomatic means to encourage and help conflict parties to solve problems through consultation and negotiation.

(II) Counter-terrorism

- China advocates and supports the fight against all forms of terrorism. International counter-terrorism efforts should give full play to the leading and coordinating role of the United Nations, address both the symptoms and root causes, avoid politicization and avoid double standards.

- China supports the formulation of a comprehensive global counter-terrorism strategy as soon as possible and agrees to develop it on the basis of the five pillars proposed by the Secretary-General.

- China supports the further improvement of the existing anti-terrorism treaty system and legal framework. Countries should consider signing and ratifying the existing international anti-terrorism conventions as soon as possible, and reach an agreement on the draft comprehensive convention on international terrorism as soon as possible in a cooperative and constructive manner.

- China hopes to form a * * understanding on the definition of terrorism. Relevant definitions can refer to the relevant provisions of existing international conventions and Security Council resolutions.

- Member States and non-governmental organizations must abide by the Charter of the United Nations and relevant norms of international law when participating in anti-terrorism cooperation.

- The human rights violations in the process of counter-terrorism should be solved by making full use of the existing mechanisms of the Commission on Human Rights, treaty bodies and international humanitarian law monitoring mechanisms, and there is no need to set up new mechanisms at present.

- China supports strengthening the functions of the Security Council's Counter-Terrorism Committee, expanding the authority of the Executive Board, especially helping developing countries to strengthen their counter-terrorism capacity-building, and establishing a capacity-building trust fund for this purpose.

- China believes that it is necessary to appoint a United Nations counter-terrorism coordinator.

(3) Disarmament and non-proliferation

- China has always advocated the complete prohibition and thorough destruction of weapons of mass destruction and opposed any form of proliferation of such weapons and their means of delivery. China has been actively promoting the international nuclear disarmament process.

- Nuclear-weapon States should conclude a treaty of no first use of nuclear weapons against each other. Nuclear-weapon States should also unconditionally undertake not to use or threaten to use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear-weapon States or nuclear-weapon-free zones, and reach a binding international legal instrument in this regard.

- The international community should take practical and effective steps to safeguard and strengthen the universality and authority of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. States parties to the Treaty should adopt a constructive attitude and treat the three objectives of the Treaty in a balanced manner.

- China supports the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty and hopes that it will enter into force as soon as possible. China will continue its moratorium on nuclear weapons testing and strive for early ratification of the Treaty.

- China supports the early commencement of negotiations on a treaty banning the production of fissile material for nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices on the basis of a balanced work plan reached by the Geneva Conference on Disarmament.

- China supports the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to play an important role in preventing the proliferation of nuclear weapons and promoting the peaceful use of nuclear energy by all countries in accordance with the purpose of the Statute. Under the current situation, it is necessary to explore how to further strengthen the nuclear non-proliferation mechanism through international cooperation and consultation, including taking appropriate measures to further strengthen the effectiveness of IAEA safeguards and other important issues. Emphasize the importance of the IAEA Additional Protocol and hope that its universality will be strengthened.

- China supports and actively participates in multilateral efforts aimed at strengthening the effectiveness of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention, and has a positive attitude towards the immediate resumption of negotiations on the verification protocol of the Convention. China supports the States parties to the Convention to negotiate a new biosafety protocol, classify hazardous biological agents and establish binding international standards for the export of such agents.

- China supports strengthening the universality of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention and the Chemical Weapons Convention.

- The consultation, cooperation and investigation mechanism of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention is the main means to deal with the alleged use of biological weapons, and States parties should abide by it. The Secretary-General's mechanism has its specific historical background and scope of application. If most countries agree, it can be fully reconsidered through multilateral negotiations.

- All States parties are encouraged to submit relevant information on confidence-building measures in accordance with the requirements of the relevant review conferences of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention.

- countries with chemical weapons should speed up the destruction of all existing chemical weapons stockpiles, aged weapons and chemical weapons abandoned in other countries' territories. The verification mechanism of the OPCW is generally operating normally, and States parties can also deal with and solve the concerns of breach of contract through mechanisms such as clarification, consultation and cooperation. In case of serious breach of contract, the Assembly of States Parties or the Council may bring the matter to the attention of the United Nations General Assembly and the Security Council.

- China opposes the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery, supports strengthening the existing international non-proliferation mechanism, and advocates solving the proliferation problem through political and diplomatic means within the framework of international law. Any non-proliferation measures should help to enhance international and regional peace, security and stability. Like many countries, we disapprove of the interception measures taken by the Proliferation Security Initiative outside the scope of international law.

- Preventing the weaponization of and an arms race in outer space is conducive to maintaining global strategic stability and promoting the process of arms control and disarmament. The international community should attach great importance to it and take active and effective measures to prevent problems before they happen. The Conference on Disarmament in Geneva should set up an ad hoc committee as soon as possible to negotiate and conclude relevant international legal instruments, or work with this as the goal, so as to fill the loopholes in the existing legal mechanism for outer space and effectively prevent the weaponization of and an arms race in outer space.

- The Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons has played an important role in solving the humanitarian concerns caused by war. China has been actively participating in various work related to the Convention. China hopes that the Protocol on Explosive Remnants of War will enter into force as soon as possible and be effectively implemented. China will continue to support and participate in the work of the Group of Governmental Experts of the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons, and hopes that relevant work will make progress.

- China supports the efforts of the international community to combat the illicit trade in small arms and the negotiation of an international instrument on "identifying and tracing illegal small arms". The illicit trade in small arms involves many factors such as disarmament, security, development and humanitarianism, and a comprehensive and proper solution should be sought. All countries should bear the primary responsibility, strengthen mutual coordination and cooperation, and the United Nations should continue to play a leading role.

(IV) Organized Crime

- China supports strengthening international and regional cooperation to combat transnational organized crime. Developed countries should assume more obligations in providing resources.

- China hopes that international conventions against transnational organized crime and corruption can be effectively implemented.

- The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime should make efforts to assist countries in implementing the Convention.

- On the premise of ensuring the effective implementation of the existing international conventions of the United Nations, China has no objection to negotiating and formulating new and necessary international conventions within the framework of the United Nations. China is open to the negotiation of a comprehensive international convention on money laundering.

(5) Prevention and mediation

- China supports the United Nations to establish a "culture of prevention", increase investment in conflict prevention and mediation, and especially improve mechanisms and measures such as early warning and field investigation.

- Member States should not only give full play to the leading role of the Security Council in this regard, but also support it.