At present, the proportion of social insurance payment in China is on the high side, but the pressure of social security fund income and expenditure is increasing and the financial subsidy is increasing. According to the budget report, the financial subsidy to the national social security fund in 20 13 was 7371500,000 yuan, which increased to 844.635 billion yuan in 20 14, while the budget for 20 15 was 9741750,000 yuan, of which
How to alleviate the pressure of income and expenditure of endowment insurance fund? One way is to allocate state-owned capital. However, the allocation of state-owned capital alone may not completely solve the problem, and it is unfair to state-owned capital. There are many reasons for the great pressure on the income and expenditure of the endowment insurance fund. Only by comprehensively reforming various problems can we really solve this problem. Aging is one of the reasons. This will be the main problem in the future, but it has little impact on the current income and expenditure, and the current dependency ratio is not high. The solution to the problem of aging is to delay the retirement age, but what needs to be solved now is other problems.
The second reason is that the state-owned enterprises paid less endowment insurance premiums during the reform of the endowment insurance system. The current social endowment insurance system is a combination of social pooling and individual accounts. State-owned enterprises have not paid personal account insurance premiums for employees before, which is one of the reasons why most personal accounts are empty, and the operation of personal accounts is part of the reason why pension funds are under great pressure in revenue and expenditure. To this end, the solution is to allocate state-owned capital. However, what state-owned enterprises need to do is to repay historical debts, not to make up for the pension fund gap that may occur in the future. The amount of state-owned capital to supplement the social security fund should be limited. If the allocated state-owned capital exceeds the historical debt, reducing the pension insurance rate on this basis will become a subsidy for other enterprises by state-owned enterprises; Moreover, it will lead to the impairment of state-owned capital and weaken the position and role of public ownership economy.
The third reason is that the proportion of employees participating in endowment insurance is not high enough. In 20 13, the number of employees who participated in the basic old-age insurance for urban employees was 242 million, while the number of urban employees in that year was 382 million. Obviously, a considerable number of employees did not participate in the basic old-age insurance for employees. The low level of overall planning of endowment insurance is an important reason for this situation.
The fourth reason is the imbalance of income and expenditure of pension funds in different regions. The contribution level of endowment insurance fund in areas with large inflow population is low, and areas with large outflow population rely on financial subsidies. To solve this problem, we must also rely on the national overall planning of endowment insurance.
Another reason is that the high inflation rate in recent years has led to a substantial increase in pension standards every year, so the expenditure growth is faster than the income growth.
In short, the old-age insurance system needs comprehensive reform, and all departments should bear corresponding responsibilities.