1 | How much can I pay less for individual pension
?
According to the announcement issued by the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation, different tax benefits are arranged for individual pension investment in the payment link, investment link and collection link. In the payment link, it is deducted before tax according to the limit of 12, yuan/year; In the investment link, investment income will not be taxed temporarily; In the collection process, the payment and income are not incorporated into the comprehensive income, and the tax is calculated separately at the rate of 3%.
For example, the taxable income of Xiao Li's comprehensive income this year is 31, yuan. According to the 7-level excess progressive tax rate of 3%~45%, the highest tax rate he needs to pay is 25%, and the individual tax he needs to pay is 45,58 yuan. If Xiao Li bought a personal pension of 12, yuan this year, his taxable income will be reduced to 298, yuan, the highest tax rate to be paid will be 2%, and the tax to be paid will be 42,68 yuan, which is 2,9 yuan less than the original one.
The personal pension fund account needs to be closed, during which savings deposits, wealth management products, commercial pension insurance and Public Offering of Fund can be purchased. If there is income, according to the current policy, personal income tax will not be levied temporarily.
when receiving personal pension, personal pension is not incorporated into comprehensive income, and only personal income tax is calculated and paid at the rate of 3%. This is a more favorable policy for people with higher income and higher tax rate than 3% when paying individual taxes.
Shi Zhengwen, director of the Finance and Tax Research Center of China University of Political Science and Law, said that in addition to the preferential tax rate, Xiao Li enjoys tax exemption at this stage because of the "EET" mode of deferred tax payment, and only pays tax when he receives it. The tax temporarily exempted during this period is actually equivalent to an interest-free loan to Xiao Li.
note: in the "EET" mode, "e" stands for exemption, and "t" stands for taxation, that is, exemption in the payment link and investment link, and taxation in the collection link. 2 | Can people who don't pay taxes enjoy preferential policies?
However, for those who don't have to pay individual taxes, after purchasing individual pensions, not only can they not enjoy individual tax concessions, but they will even pay more taxes.
"For the group that doesn't have to pay a tax, if the money that didn't have to pay a tax is used to invest in personal pension, the tax burden will be increased out of thin air in the withdrawal process." Dong Dengxin, a professor at Wuhan University of Science and Technology and a core member of the 5-member Forum on China's Pension Finance, said that at present, personal income tax is not levied on the income of personal investment, wealth management and funds in China. If you invest in personal pension, you should pay 3% tax on the payment and income when you receive it, which is not cost-effective for low-and middle-income groups.
In China, low-and middle-income groups are still the majority, and a large part of them don't have to pay taxes. In 219, China promoted individual tax reform, and adopted tax reduction measures such as raising the threshold, increasing special additional deductions, and lowering the tax rate of low-and middle-income people to effectively reduce the tax burden of low-and middle-income groups. In that year, 115 million people did not have to pay individual taxes.
the data shows that at present, only about 7 million people in China pay personal income tax, while there are about 7 million people in urban and rural areas, that is to say, about 9% of the labor force do not have to pay individual taxes and cannot enjoy the preferential tax policies for personal pensions.
"Judging from the current preferential tax policies, there is still room for further optimization and improvement of the individual pension system." Dong Dengxin said. Experts suggest that
tax incentives should pay more attention to fairness, especially for low-and middle-income groups
At present, most people are still on the sidelines. How to break the hesitation?
two experts gave suggestions for further optimization and improvement of the policy.
Dong Dengxin:
In some countries, there are two tax benefits for individual pensions: "EET" and "TEE". The "EET" model is the method adopted this time, which is tax-free in the two links of payment and investment, and tax-free in the collection link. The "TEE" model, on the other hand, is taxed in the payment link, that is, personal income needs to be paid a tax normally, and then the after-tax salary is used to pay for the personal pension account, but no tax is paid in the investment and collection link.
It seems that it is only the difference between paying taxes later and paying taxes first, but for those whose income does not reach the tax threshold, choosing the "TEE" mode means that their tax amount is zero when they pay taxes normally, and they will no longer pay taxes in the investment and collection stages.
in this way, these people can be exempted from tax in the three links of payment, investment and collection. Providing two tax benefit models of personal pension for different income groups to choose from, this system design will be more attractive, especially for the low-and middle-income groups that the personal pension system mainly faces, which will have a good positive effect.
Shi Zhengwen:
According to the current policy, if the high-income earners who apply the first-class tax rate of 45% spend 12, yuan on personal pension every year, the tax rate equivalent to 12, yuan will be directly reduced from 45% to 3%, and the preferential rate will reach 42 percentage points. For the low-and middle-income people who originally applied the 3% tax rate, their tax burden was flat and did not reflect the preferential treatment.
from the point of view of financial affordability and sustainability, we can set up a graded tax rate for different income groups in the collection process, which reflects fairness in the preferential range.
In addition, at present, the upper limit of payment of 12, yuan per year is too small. With the improvement of living consumption level, when an individual retires, the strength of receiving personal pension may be limited to improve the living standard in his later years. With the implementation of the system, we can consider increasing the payment amount according to the situation.
Jia Jiang, deputy director of the Pension Insurance Department of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, also talked about this issue at the 222 Beijing Summit of the 5-person Forum on China's Pension Finance held recently. He said, "The preferential tax policy is 12, yuan, which is appropriate at present, which not only improves the income of the elderly, but also avoids the excessive gap in the level of pension benefits. With the improvement of social level and the improvement of the multi-level and multi-pillar system, we will adjust the payment ceiling in due course."