Country name: The Kingdom of Sweden

Independence Day: June 6th (June 6th, 189, Sweden adopted the first modern constitution. In 1983, Parliament officially declared June 6th as Sweden's National Day. )

national flag: blue, yellow cross slightly to the left. The colors of blue and yellow come from the colors of the Swedish imperial emblem.

national emblem: the national emblem is cloak-shaped, and the blue shield decorated with crowns is divided into four parts by the yellow cross: three crowns are painted on the upper left and lower right; The upper right and lower left are painted with golden lions wearing crowns. There is a small shield in the big shield, and the left side is composed of blue, silvery white and red twill and a golden bottle; There is a castle-like bell tower and a golden eagle painted on the right. The blue shield is flanked by golden lions, with medals at the bottom. The small national emblem is a blue shield with a crown. The three gold crowns on the shield are symbols of the Kingdom of Sweden and Denmark, Sweden and Norway, which formed the Kalmar Union.

National anthem: "Your Ancient and Glorious Northland"

National bird: blackbird (with a hundred tongues)

National stone: small crystal

National politician: King Carl XVI Gustaf, who succeeded to the throne in September 1973; Goran Persson, Prime Minister, became Prime Minister in March 1996 and was re-elected in October 22.

physical geography: located in the eastern part of Scandinavia, northern Europe. It borders Finland in the northeast, Norway in the west and northwest, the Baltic Sea in the east and the North Sea in the southwest, with a territory area of 449,9 square kilometers (excluding the territorial sea area). The coastline is about 2181 kilometers long. The terrain slopes from northwest to southeast. The northern part is the nordland Plateau, and the highest peak in China, Kebunekesai, is 2123 meters above sea level. The southern part and coastal areas are mostly plains or hills. The main rivers are Jota River, Dahl River and Onelman River. There are many lakes, about 92,. Lake Wiener, the largest lake, covers an area of 5,585 square kilometers, ranking third in Europe. About 15% of the land is in the Arctic Circle, but it is not too cold in winter due to the Atlantic warm current. Most areas have temperate coniferous forest climate, and the southernmost part has temperate broad-leaved forest climate.

population: 8.99 million (end of 21). 9% are Swedes (descendants of Germanic people), and there are more than 1 million foreign immigrants and their descendants (52.6% of them are foreign nationals). The Sami people in the north are the only minority, with about 1, people. The official language is Swedish. 9% of the people believe in Christian lutheranism.

capital: Stockholm, with an urban population of 75, (early 2).

administrative divisions: the whole country is divided into five provinces and one autonomous region: South Finland, East Finland, West Finland, Oulu, Labi and Oran Island.

A brief history of a bronze sculpture entitled "No Violence" on Seger Street in the center of Stockholm

: the country began to form around 11 AD. It annexed Finland in 1157. In 1397, it formed the Kalmar Alliance with Denmark and Norway, and was ruled by Denmark. In 1523, he left the Union and became independent. In the same year, Gustav Vasa was elected king. From 1654 to 1719, Sweden was in its heyday, and its territory included Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, as well as the Baltic coastal areas of Russia, Poland and Germany. After losing the war against Russia, Denmark and Poland in 1718, it gradually declined. He took part in the Napoleonic Wars in 185, was forced to cede Finland after being defeated by Russia in 189, acquired Norway from Denmark in 1814, and formed an alliance with Norway. In 195, Norway became independent from the Union. Sweden remained neutral in both world wars.

politics: the current constitution consists of three basic laws: the government code (enacted in 189 and revised in 1974), the law of succession to the throne (enacted in 181 and revised in 1979) and the freedom of the press law (enacted in 1949), in addition to the parliamentary organization law (enacted in 1866 and revised in 1974). The Constitution stipulates that Sweden has a constitutional monarchy. The king is the head of state and commander-in-chief of the armed forces. As a national symbol, he only performs representative or ceremonial duties and cannot interfere in the work of parliament and government. Parliament is the only legislative body in the country and is elected by universal suffrage. The government is the highest administrative organ of the country and is responsible to the parliament. The oldest child of the king is the legal heir to the throne. Parliament is unicameral.

Economy: Sweden implements a "mixed economy" which combines developed private industry and commerce with relatively perfect state-owned public service departments, and is famous for its high wages, high taxes and high welfare. Forest, iron ore and water power are three natural resources in Sweden. On this basis, four traditional industrial systems, namely mining metallurgy, forestry papermaking, electric power and machinery manufacturing, have been developed and formed. As a country with abundant timber, iron ore and water resources, Sweden focuses on developing an export-oriented industrialized economy. Industry occupies a very important position in the national economy, and 82% of industrial products are exported abroad. After the mid-197s, the industrial structure of Sweden has changed significantly. Sweden has increased its efforts and investment in scientific research and development, and high-tech industries have developed rapidly. The fields of transportation, communication, medicine and health care, information and environmental protection have strong competitiveness in the world. Steel and wood processing, once Sweden's main export sector, have gradually been replaced by industrial sectors such as machinery manufacturing, electronic precision instruments and automobiles. Shipbuilding, textile and other industries are declining, and the government has provided a lot of funds for subsidies, restructuring or nationalization. Metal processing and machine building are the most important industrial sectors in Sweden. Swedish mechanical products are characterized by precision, durability and high technology

People shop in a Christmas market in Stockholm. This Christmas market has a history of hundreds of years and still maintains a medieval style. Before Christmas comes every year, not only local residents come to shop in an endless stream, but also many tourists come here to appreciate the elegance of this ancient market.

。 Traditional products such as ball bearings and refrigeration equipment enjoy a high reputation in the international market. Iron and steel industry is one of the industrial sectors with a long history. Chemical industry is one of the main industrial sectors in Sweden. Within the chemical industry, especially petrochemistry, petroleum refining is the most prominent, and plastics, chemical fibers, medicines and fertilizers have also developed greatly. The automobile industry developed rapidly after the war, producing all kinds of trucks besides cars. One third of the car production is sold to the United States. The energy industry plays a very important role in the Swedish economy. Sweden is a country with developed industries and many energy-intensive enterprises. In addition, it has a long winter and long transportation lines. It is a country with high energy consumption, with an average annual electricity consumption of about 13, kWh per person. Sweden's agriculture and service industries are also relatively developed. The Swedish economy mainly relies on foreign trade and advocates open market and free trade. Sweden's main export products are: automobiles and transportation equipment, machinery and instruments, electronic products, wood pulp and paper, pharmaceuticals and chemicals, steel and metal products. More than 6% of Sweden's imported goods are parts and raw materials for manufacturing, mainly including electronic products, machinery and instruments, automobiles and transportation equipment, food, textiles and footwear.

culture: 9-year compulsory free education. Famous universities include Stockholm University, Uppsala University, Lund University, Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm Business School. Swedes have high cultural quality, warm hospitality, simplicity and honesty, civilized speech, good manners and punctuality. Swedes attach great importance to environmental protection, love flowers, birds and other wildlife, and love nature. Employees enjoy five weeks' statutory paid holidays every year, work five days a week, and work a total of 15, hours throughout the year. People like to use their leisure time to go outdoors, go hiking in forests and fields, pick wild fruits and mushrooms, and go swimming, boating and fishing in sea lakes. In summer, when the days are long and the nights are short, people travel at home and abroad. Sweden has become one of the countries with the largest number of outbound tourists in the world. Sports activities are Swedish hobbies. According to a survey published by the University of Gothenburg in Sweden on June 24th, 22, the Internet has surpassed the traditional newspapers and become a more popular media in Sweden. According to a sample survey, the average Swede spends 23 minutes surfing the Internet every day and night, while the Swedes spend 21 minutes reading the daily newspaper, only 8 minutes reading the evening paper, and 2 hours listening to the radio and 45 minutes watching TV respectively. The survey shows that women prefer listening to radio and reading; Men are more inclined to watch TV news, watch videos and read evening papers. People with higher education are more willing to surf the internet, read books and read professional magazines; People with lower education are willing to watch TV, listen to the radio and read the evening paper. Feel the social harmony in Sweden

Military: Sweden has a total force of about 65, and a civilian staff of about 2,, and can mobilize 85, people in wartime. In September 24, Swedish Defense Minister Biorklund issued a statement saying that Sweden used to take the prevention of invasion from the former Soviet bloc as the focus of national defense, but this threat no longer exists. The focus now is to deal with the international crisis and defend the territorial integrity of the country.

Attractions: Nobel's House is located in Baihua Villa in Karskuga, central Sweden, more than 2 kilometers away from Stockholm. This is a milky two-story building. The green lawn in front of the building and the surrounding birch forest complement each other, and the environment is quiet. In 1894, Alfei Red Nobel ended his overseas wandering career and returned to his motherland to settle down, where he spent most of his last two years. Because his old residence, which was born in Stockholm in those days, has now stood tall buildings, Baihua Villa has become the only well-preserved Nobel's former residence today. Since the establishment of the memorial hall in 1975, it has become a tourist attraction and the center of Nobel academic activities. The Nobel Symposium is held here every year, and famous scientists from all over the world gather together to discuss new topics in the field of science and Nobel's academic thought of "benefiting mankind". The memorial hall retains photos of Nobel's activities before his death, various patent certificates for technological inventions, gold medals and wills. Nobel's bedroom furnishings are very simple, only a few pieces of the most necessary furniture, such as beds, tables and wardrobes, while all kinds of instruments and equipment in his laboratory are dazzling. Nobel was born on October 21st, 1833. He won the reputation of "king of explosives" because of his inventions of detonators, nitroglycerin solid explosives and colloidal explosives. He died on December 1, 1896. At the age of 63. According to his will, part of his legacy, equivalent to $9.2 million, is used as a fund to reward scientific workers who benefit mankind. With the interest of this fund, there are five kinds of prizes for physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature and peace, which are awarded once a year on the day of Nobel's death, called Nobel Prize.

The Swedish Palace is the place where the king works and holds celebrations, and it is the main tourist attraction in Stockholm. Located in the center of Stockholm. Built in the 17th century, it is the work of Trier, a famous Swedish builder. The main entrance is divided by two stone lions on both sides, and two guards wearing red tassels and medieval costumes stand with guns, which is very powerful and strict. There are many exquisite reliefs on the four walls of the palace, and there is a big yard in the middle. The palace church and state hall in the south half que and the banquet hall in the north half que have maintained their original furnishings and are open to the public. In the magnificent hall of the palace, large portraits of kings and queens of past dynasties are hung on the walls, and the dome is decorated with magnetic burial, sculpture and gorgeous paintings. It is said that most of them came from German artists in the 17th century. Some rooms are also furnished with ancient chariot weapons, jewelry, gold and silver utensils and solid models of medieval knights with spears and bronze helmets and armor. The palace guard holds a grand changing ceremony at noon every day according to the ancient tradition, attracting a large number of tourists.

historical celebrity: alfred bernhard nobel (1833.1.21-1896.12.1), a famous Swedish chemist and inventor of nitroglycerin explosive. Born in Stockholm, Sweden in 1833, he devoted his life to the study of explosives and made great achievements in the study of nitroglycerin. On December 1th, 1896, Nobel died in Italy. One year before his death, he proposed in his will that part of his legacy (US$ 9.2 million) should be used as a fund, and the interest should be divided into five kinds of prizes, namely physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature and peace, to be awarded to scholars from all over the world who have made great contributions to mankind in these fields. In June 19, the Swedish government approved the establishment of the Nobel Foundation and awarded the Nobel Prize for the first time on December 1th, 191, the fifth anniversary of Nobel's death the following year. In 1968, on the occasion of the 3th anniversary of China Construction Bank, the Central Bank of Sweden provided funds to add the Nobel Prize in Economics (the full name is "Nobel Prize in Economic Science in Memory of Alfred Bernd by the Central Bank of Sweden", also known as "Nobel Prize in Economics in Memory"), and it was awarded simultaneously with the other five prizes in 1969. Nobel Prize > > >

Olof Palme (January 3, 1927-February 28, 1986) was the late Prime Minister of Sweden. Born in Stockholm on January 3th, 1927. He studied in Gatina School near Stockholm in his early years and served in military service after graduation. After World War II, he entered Kenyon College, Ohio, USA, and obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1948. After returning to China, he entered Stockholm University and obtained a bachelor's degree in law in 1951. Joined the Social Democratic Party in 195. In 1953, he served as special adviser to the Swedish Prime Minister. Elected as a member of parliament in 1958. He has served in the government since 1963. In 1969, he served as chairman of the Social Democratic Party. In 1969 and 1982, he became Prime Minister twice. In November 1976, he was elected as the international vice chairman of the Socialist Party. In September 198, he initiated the establishment of the Independent Commission on Disarmament and Security (also known as the Palme Commission) as its chairman. In November 198, he served as the special envoy of the UN Secretary-General to mediate the Iran-Iraq war. He was assassinated in Stockholm on February 28th, 1986.

diplomacy: the foreign policy of "military non-alignment in peacetime, so as to maintain neutrality in the event of war in neighboring areas" is pursued. Actively participate in international cooperation in neighboring regions, Europe and world affairs. It holds that cooperation is security, and neighboring regions are its own security foundation. The EU plays an increasingly important role in OSCE affairs, recognizes NATO's leading position in OSCE affairs, and regards participation in UN affairs as one of the diplomatic cornerstones. In June 1994, he joined the NATO Partnership for Peace. On January 1, 1995, it became a full member of the European Union. Sweden also advocates playing the role of the United Nations and actively promoting relaxation and disarmament. Sweden is a member of Council of Europe, Nordic Council and European Free Trade Association.