Incorporate green economy into the overall layout of ecological civilization construction

First, the connotation and significance of urban green resources

Urban green resources include mountains, water bodies, forests, grasslands, animals, etc., which live and multiply in the above system, and can be seen in urban administrative divisions and surrounding areas. From the connotation point of view, the mountain is a natural resource endowment with soil layer, rock layer and water conservation as the basic components. Its stability is strong, but the incremental supply is difficult, so we should focus on protective construction. Water is a natural or artificial resource (including domestic and production water) with surface rivers, lakes, streams and canals as its basic components, and has strong fluidity. Incremental water supply depends on water saving and comprehensive utilization of water resources. Forest is a general term for conifers, broad-leaved trees, woody shrubs and lianas, while grass is a general term for herbs and woody plants. Forest and grass have strong portability and universal value, and are the main force of incremental supply of urban green resources. Animals are all kinds of animals that live and multiply in the landscape forest and grass system. They are highly mobile and sensitive to changes in environmental quality. Their incremental supply depends not only on the overall quantity and quality of landscape forest and grass, but also on people's civilization and environmental protection legal level.

The stock and increment of green resources have multiple values and significance for the sustainable development of urban ecological environment. First, the supply of history and culture. Many mountains and rivers bear the historical evolution and context of a city's development, and its humanistic buildings and historical sites contain multiple values such as politics, economy and culture. Some even become geographical indications. Natural resource endowment is transformed into natural and cultural resource endowment, and green resources are added. The second is the supply of biodiversity. Mountain water bodies and related forests and grasses contain many kinds of wild animals, which provide space for their reproduction and create a unique urban ecosystem. Some large parks, lakes, woodlands and wetlands in the city have become paradise for birds (including migratory birds), fish, insects and amphibians, attracting photographers and science lovers. The third is the supply of tourism. Some natural and cultural landscapes formed by the development and incremental optimization of urban greening resources have become scenic spots that highlight the regional and cultural characteristics of a city, and many of them have developed into tourist attractions. Fourth, quality environmental supply. Mountains and rivers, trees, lawns, flower beds, lakes and waterside wetlands built by mountains. Reasonable layout in cities can purify land, water and air to a certain extent, improve the humidity and temperature of regional microenvironment, improve air quality and environmental comfort, provide residents with "natural oxygen bar" and become an ideal place for people to relax, exercise and keep fit.

The second is the problems existing in the construction and supply of urban greening resources.

Due to the differences in resource endowment, geographical environment and management level, there are some outstanding problems in the construction of urban green space resources in northern China, especially the problem of stock allocation and incremental optimization, which should be paid attention to.

First, the overall planning of landscape construction is not enough, and the incremental supply is facing difficulties. In the past period of time, due to the lack of understanding of the importance of resources and environment, some areas have carried out large-scale mountain resources development and even real estate development, cutting mountains and roads, clearing existing vegetation, and spending a lot of money on afforestation. The original natural system of the mountain was destroyed, and geological disasters became hidden dangers. Some areas ignore the characteristics of mountains and the attributes of water bodies, blindly divert water to the mountains, leaving "main canals" and building artificial lakes in isolation, becoming "stagnant water". In other areas, mountain construction and water construction lack coordination and co-ordination, restrict each other, lose sight of one thing, waste or destroy the stock of greening resources, and restrict the incremental supply.

Second, the scientific layout of forest and grass construction is insufficient, and the potential for incremental supply is limited. Due to the imperfect overall planning and layout, there are still deviations in the practice of forest and grass construction.

Fourth, the supply management of green resources construction lags behind, and the incremental supply lacks legal protection. At present, some urban resources management laws and regulations still lack the principles and rigid requirements of green resources construction. At the same time, the construction and management of urban greening resources are scattered, and mountains, water, forests and grasses belong to different management departments, which is prone to "blank areas" and difficult to guarantee supply. The management mode is extensive and backward, and it is difficult to adapt to the new challenges brought by rapid urban development and environmental changes to the construction of green resources.

Three. Thoughts and suggestions on optimizing the construction and supply of urban green resources

Attention should be paid to the optimal combination of water, forest and grass in the construction and supply of mountainous areas. Mountain construction should give full play to the functions of forest and grass in water conservation and soil protection, and promote the formation of increment. Afforestation and grass planting by mountains should adhere to innovation and development, and rationally distribute conifers, broad-leaved trees, woody shrubs, vines and native grass. And create a suitable environment for the incremental supply of living things, especially animals. Water should be diverted up the mountain in the form of "pools" and "springs", so that the water supply can form a cascade gap like a mountain stream, and the excess water can be collected for use in rainy days or snow angels. The treatment of urban construction waste (mainly soil, bricks and stones) can learn from the experience of Tianjin South Cuiping Park and build a garbage mountain park. Improve the image of a city full of reinforced concrete, develop and build greenhouses with small pools, grasslands, flower beds, vegetable gardens and scattered roofs, and optimize the increment of green resources.

Water conservation and comprehensive utilization should be paid attention to in water body construction and water supply. The construction and supply of water bodies are the same problems faced by northern cities. On the basis of scientific water saving and comprehensive utilization of water resources, the incremental supply of water bodies will be expanded. First of all, we should solve the problem of optimal allocation of stock resources. The development and construction of rivers, lakes and other water bodies should make full use of urban natural topography or artificial projects, take water saving as the basic principle, make existing resources alive and let more residents enjoy "green water". It is necessary to improve the incremental supply of water bodies with large areas, small areas, dynamic and static combination and reasonable layout, provide suitable survival and reproduction environment for aquatic animals and plants, promote the overall formation of biological chain and strengthen the ecological function of animals. It is necessary to rely on scientific and technological innovation to strengthen urban sewage treatment, realize recycling and optimize the incremental supply of urban water bodies.

The construction and supply of forest and grass should be adapted to local conditions and pay attention to ecological benefits. Decades of greening projects have made the stocks of forests and grasslands in many cities quite sufficient. While strengthening protection and management, efforts should be made to increase supply. According to the geographical characteristics of the city, develop and popularize green forest and grass varieties with cold tolerance, drought tolerance and salt tolerance. Newly developed areas and urban idle space should be fully covered with forests and grasslands to increase the incremental supply per unit area. Conditional cities can try out the green resources construction and supply mode combining trees with fruit trees, flowers and vegetables, enrich the forms of forest and grass construction, enhance the ecological and economic functions of forest and grass, and let residents enjoy colorful green resources.

The construction and supply of p> animal carcasses should be based on nesting and comprehensive management. The achievements of urban green resources construction with landscape, forest and grass as the main body not only increase the supply of green resources, but also provide more suitable living space for birds, fish, insects and small rodents, thus expanding the incremental supply of high quality. In order to ensure the stable reproduction of animals, it is necessary to strengthen comprehensive management, standardize the civilized behavior of people, and prevent arbitrary arrest or accidental injury or manslaughter. It is necessary to strengthen the innovation of urban ecological science research, boldly explore the construction and supply of green resources, and form a systematic theory to guide the scientific development of urban green resources construction and supply.

The construction and supply of green resources should strengthen regional governance and social sharing. The construction of urban green resources is not isolated, and it is often influenced by surrounding areas or even further areas. To strengthen the construction and supply of green resources, it is necessary to break the artificial "division" caused by different control systems between regions, between urban and rural areas and between units and communities, strengthen the construction of relevant systems and mechanisms, unify management norms, establish a coordination mechanism, and realize regional governance, risk sharing and resource sharing.

(Fund Project: This paper is the phased achievement of the key project "Evaluation and Policy Research on Rural Green Development" of Tianjin Academy of Social Sciences,No.: (2 1YZD- 10))