"The world is bustling, all for profit; Many people are familiar with the phrase "all things are for profit", which comes from the Biography of Huo Zhi in Historical Records, which is "the swan song of historians, leaving Sao without rhyme". This is a biographical account of outstanding people engaged in "Huo Zhi" (increasing wealth by doing business), and it is also an important chapter reflecting Sima Qian's economic thought and business wisdom living in 145 BC.

? Although there is an old saying that "a gentleman loves money and takes it wisely", a thousand-year history book full of benevolence, righteousness, courtesy and wisdom rarely talks about how to take money. Sima Qian is an alternative. "A man in cloth and clothes is not harmful to politics, so it is better for the people to take and rest their wealth from time to time, and the wise have a way to collect it."

? When giving lectures, Mr. nan huaijin told entrepreneurs that the first thing to read is Biography of Huo Zhi. In this story, every story tells you the truth of management, and the book also mentions a lot about how to get rich in business.

? Here we can't help but mention the Wealth of Nations written by Adam Smith, the father of western modern economics, who was born in 1723. Many viewpoints of their economic thoughts are similar or close, and even the same in some places. Two giants, two masterpieces, nearly two thousand years later, but coincidentally, both of them put forward a set of economic theories with liberalism as the soul, and put forward the rationality of people's pursuit of material interests, which is considered to be the internal driving force of social and economic development; They all advocate liberalism in macroeconomic policies and oppose excessive government intervention in the economy; Everyone thinks that the division of labor is natural, and the deepening and expansion of the division of labor is helpful to enhance social wealth; Recognizing the objective existence of the law of value; Recognize the role of capital accumulation in wealth growth, and think that thrift is of great significance to capital accumulation ...

? In the biographies of Huo Zhi, Sima Qian abandoned Lao Zi's idea of a small country with few people, which led to the discussion of human nature. All of them were "eyes and ears want to be extremely good, mouth wants to be poor and humble, and they are comfortable and happy, but their hearts boast of the glory of potential energy", "People are rich and benevolent" and "Cang Li knows etiquette, food and clothing know honor and disgrace". Maslow's demand theory was put forward by American psychologist Maslow in 1943. Sima Qian believes that it is in line with human nature: "Therefore, those who are good will do it, then benefit from it, then teach it, then tidy it, and the lowest will contend with it."

the pursuit of wealth is dictated by heaven. Then Huo Zhi put forward the trilogy of wealth: "Without wealth, there is little wits, so we can spare time", that is, at the beginning of wealth accumulation, we rely on our physical strength, then our mental strength, and when we are rich, we can strive for the current situation and seize the opportunity ... Sima Qian advocated that "wealth comes first, then wealth comes last, and rape wealth comes last"

? As a historian, Sima Qian expressed his views through the cases of historical figures. All walks of life provide people with opportunities to seek wealth, and people have a desire to seek wealth, so people should not find too many external objective excuses for their poverty and wealth. Smart people always look for opportunities to get rich, and stupid people can only tolerate poverty. Therefore, "The way to get rich and poor is to take it away from them, while the skillful ones have more than enough, and the humble ones are not enough." In the article, Sima Qian always mentioned 52 people, including two typical rich people: Fan Li (Tao Zhugong) and Bai Gui.

1. Bai Gui, the "ancestor of Shang Dynasty", was brave and benevolent, and Bai Gui was a famous businessman in Luoyang during the Warring States Period. He was known as the "ancestor of Shang Dynasty". Biography of Huo Zhi recorded that Bai Gui ... was able to eat lightly, endure cravings, save clothes, share joys and sorrows with his servants, and was eager for the times. Therefore, he said, "I am in charge of production, and I am still in the position of Yi Yin and Lu Shang, and Sun and Wu are fighting, and Shang Yang is doing the right thing. Therefore, his wisdom and contingency are insufficient, his courage is not enough to make a decision, his benevolence cannot take it, and his strength cannot keep it. Although he wants to learn my skills, he will not tell him. " Cover the world and rule the ancestors Bai Gui. Bai Gui has tried something, and he can try and be good at it, but it's only a matter of course.

Bai Gui doesn't pay much attention to eating and drinking, and he doesn't have any special hobbies. He doesn't have to wear famous brands, and he gets along well with everyone. Once he sees it on time, he can make a quick decision. Bai Gui's "doing business is as forethought as Yi Yin of Shang Dynasty and Jiang Taigong of Zhou Dynasty, as superb as Sun Wu and Wuqi fighting, and as strict as Shang Yang in implementing various norms. Therefore, if a person's wisdom can't be flexible according to the situation, his courage can't be shot at the right time; His love is not enough to judge when to pay and when to get. On the surface, he is very strong but can't make himself invincible. Although this kind of person wants to learn the way of business, his potential is not enough, and he can't learn. It is useless to tell him. " So everyone in the world thinks that Bai Gui is the real originator of business.

? This paper puts forward four qualities of a businessman: intelligence, courage, benevolence and strength, or more accurately, it is the standard of whether a businessman is qualified or not, because it is possible to further learn other business management techniques if the four qualities are possessed.

? Wisdom is to observe the market, and the power changes with time. To be flexible, we need to grasp the change and the constant. It can't be the same, but it can't be changed randomly. Just like the book of changes, it has three meanings: change, difficulty and simplicity. In fact, behind the change, there is something constant. For example, in enterprise management, the entrepreneur's foundation and the enterprise's foundation cannot be changed casually, but the management means and the way of doing things can be changed.

? Courage means making decisions and putting them into action. For businessmen, at the critical moment, there is often a big difference between them. I think the correct understanding of "think twice before you act" should be "think almost before you act". Confucius on earth: How about thinking twice before you act? Confucius said, "Again, it's ok!" It's no use thinking too much, it's better to put it into action. In the final analysis, the reason why we dare not act is because we attach too much importance to the success or failure of the outside world. If internal growth is regarded as the ultimate measure of success, no matter success or failure, it is a process of growth for enterprises and entrepreneurs.

benevolence means doing something and not doing something. Strong, that is, stick to it and hold the final bottom line. A company can't survive without money. If a family has no cultural and spiritual value, what's the point of living? No matter how volatile the current situation is, things will develop in a good direction only if we keep our purpose.

second, Tao Zhugong is rich-Fan Li

? In ancient times, there was a cloud shopping mall like a battlefield, and the operators in the shopping mall were like generals who commanded thousands of troops. Smart generals often seized favorable opportunities and occupied favorable terrain, and finally won the war.

Biography of Huo Zhi records:

? Fan Li, who had avenged himself, sighed with shame, saying, "Ji Ran's seven strategies are more satisfied with the use of its five. Now that it has been applied to the country, I want to use it. " He floated in the rivers and lakes in a flat boat, changed his name and surname, and was suitable for Qi Yi Zi Pi, and his pottery was Zhu Gong. Zhu Gong thought that in the world of pottery, the princes had four links and the goods were traded. It is the rule of production and accumulation, and it is not responsible for people. Therefore, if you are good at living, you can choose people and be appointed at the right time.

? Fan Li became the richest man in the world at that time. He bought low and sold high based on his judgment of the situation, instead of exploiting others to make a fortune. In 19 years, he earned millions of assets three times and helped the poor twice. His descendants continue to operate, and the family assets reach Wanjin < P >? There is a story that is particularly impressive. In Historical Records, The Family of Goujian, the King of Yue, it is said that Duke Zhu lived in Tao and had three sons. Zhu Gong's second son killed someone and was imprisoned in the State of Chu. Zhu Gong then installed a thousand gold coins and told his youngest son to go to the rescue. When the eldest son heard about it, he forced himself to go. Zhu Gong had to reassign his eldest son, and wrote a letter to the old good Zhuang Sheng.

? The boss took his father's personal letter and valuable gifts to the destination to find Johnson. Johnson said, leave this to me, and you should leave here quickly. Zhuangsheng went to court the next day and said to the monarch, I watched the celestial phenomena last night and found that it was very unfavorable to our country, so I must grant amnesty to the whole country. The monarch then started the procedure of amnesty.

? However, Fan Li's eldest son did not leave the country. After hearing the news of the amnesty, he thought, since it was an amnesty for the whole world, and it was not specially for my brother, the money was spent a little unjustly, so he went to Zhuang Sheng and took it away. Then Johnson quit: since you are so unkind to me, don't blame me for being unjust to you!

? The next day, when he went to court, Zhuang Sheng told the monarch that I passed the street last night and found many people talking about it. They all said that the Amnesty was not for the people, but for a second son of Tao Zhugong. The monarch was furious and asked what to do. Johnson said, it's easy, first cut Tao Zhugong's son, and then amnesty the world. So Fan Li's eldest son can only go home with his younger brother's body and 12 gold.

? Fan Li laughed like Zhuangzi when he saw his son's body. He said that when the couple gave birth to the boss, they were at the beginning of their careers. The eldest son saw that his parents had a hard time making money, so he took money very seriously. When I was in the third year of my retirement, my family had changed a lot. It didn't matter that my third child spent money like water all day. Therefore, sending the third son to give away the gift and explain the matter well may save the second son, but the boss can't let go of it when he sees that he has spent a lot of gold and silver, which makes the second son die even worse.

Based on Fan Li's legendary life experience, I'm afraid he can completely rescue the neutron, and he must have enough estimation of his eldest son's behavior attitude. Today, people can't guess the real reason behind his choice ... Perhaps Fan Li, who is well versed in Zhuang Zi's misfortune, used this bloody lesson to make his eldest son realize that he was diligent, modest and prudent, which made Tao Zhugong rich for three generations.

? Sima Qian believes that a businessman should have the qualities of "wisdom can be changed, courage can be determined, benevolence can take it, and strong defense", while the highest state of business success is "to use this to defend it, to use everything, to use literature to hold it, and to change it." Can be linked to today's "based on the industry, strive to be stronger, cultural management" enterprise development strategy, the important thing is "honesty."

There is a case:

In an industrial park in Kunyang Town, Pingyang County, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, there is only a small road, and two well-known enterprises are adjacent to each other. One is called Zhuang Ji Group and the other is called George White Clothing. Both enterprises started in the mid-199s, and both started in the clothing industry.

? Zhuang Ji is on the track of making quick money and big money, and running all the way has broken into one hot industry after another. Zhuang Ji once owned 18 subsidiaries. Now that Zhuang Ji is sadly dead, George White, which is adjacent to it, is thriving.

George took a completely different road from Zhuang Ji, and always stuck to the field of professional clothes, burying his head in deep ploughing and hoeing. Real estate fever, shipbuilding fever, financial investment fever ... Let him wind east, west, north and south, step by step, unswerving.

Zhuang Ji's downfall and George White's success are all vivid facts, which confirm the law that Sima Qian revealed more than 2, years ago-"being rich without business" is more important than "being honest".

Sima Qian said in Biography of Huo Zhi in Historical Records: "If you are rich and have no business, the goods will be impermanent, and the capable will converge and the unscrupulous will collapse." It means that there are not only one or two popular businesses that can make a fortune, 36 lines, and each line produces a rich man; Wealth has no permanent owner. The "capable person" who is good at management and can do things according to the law will gather wealth from all directions; Those who are not good at management and refuse to follow the rules may fall apart in an instant and return to zero overnight, even if they are sitting on a golden mountain.

What does "Chengyi" tell us?

firstly, there is no real "traditional industry" unless the product life cycle ends.

Some fields mentioned by Sima Qian more than 2, years ago are still flourishing, and famous enterprises are emerging in large numbers. Like Zhou Heiya ... Don't they just make very traditional duck necks? But the market value is 2 billion.

This shows that unless the product's life cycle ends, such as the once popular BP machine and film, these products will have no market no matter what they do because of upgrading. Otherwise, there is no real "traditional industry".

In recent years, the Internet of Things is booming, but it's just to show off the hoe, so it's not necessary to plow. The internet is just a tool, but many people take tools as their purpose.

second, the dialectics of old and new, how much, size and speed.

the meaning of "honesty" is not that a person only does one thing all his life, but that no matter what he does or doesn't do it, he will do his best, concentrate on improvement, practice makes perfect, be skillful and surprising, reach the extreme, and reach a height and level that ordinary people can't reach. In this way, no matter how insignificant a small business or a small business, you can achieve great things, make great articles and create great wealth.

thirdly, what "Chengyi" emphasizes most is not the thing itself, but the attitude of doing things.

people do things, and people are dominated by subjective motives. Therefore, whether things can be brought to the extreme depends on whether the people who do things have the enthusiasm, passion, perseverance and attitude of concentration, concentration, perseverance and continuous improvement.

what is continuous improvement? It is to strive for perfection, improve the quality and make continuous progress. It is what "University" said, "If you are new, you will be new, and you will be new." A lot of work does not need to be developed by leaps and bounds. Even if it is only a little bit of progress every day, it will accumulate thousands of miles, and small streams will become rivers and seas. Over time, there will be great achievements. The 365th power of 1.1 is equal to 37.8, and the 365th power of .99 is equal to .3. If you do a little more every day, after one year, many a mickle makes a mickle, you will make a leap, but if you do a little less every day, you will fall to the bottom after one year.

in my opinion, Seiichi is also ingenious. In the past 16 years, I have been used to having my hair cut by a stylist. I was deeply moved once to watch him slowly wipe the scissors with a paper towel, because the scissors were oiled on holidays. A barber values scissors so much, not to mention his works. The craftsman's ingenuity is such a sincere attitude ... The craftsman tells others through his works: what he thinks in his heart, what he sees in the world, what he cares about and what he cherishes. Therefore, the work is itself.

Although the world is changing at an accelerating rate, "Honesty", a basic law that has truly stood the test of time, has not lost the light of truth with the passage of time, nor is it worthless because of the passage of time.

I am grateful to Mr. Li Xiao, a lecture room, for preaching and teaching.