Fund type:
1. According to whether the fund units can be increased or redeemed, investment funds can be divided into open-end funds and closed-end funds.
2. According to different organizational forms, investment funds can be divided into corporate investment funds and contractual investment funds.
3. According to different investment risks and returns, investment funds can be divided into growth investment funds, income investment funds and balanced investment funds.
4. According to different investors, investment funds can be divided into stock funds, bond funds, money market funds, futures funds, option funds, index funds and warrant funds.
5. According to the types of investment currencies, investment funds can be divided into dollar funds, yen funds and euro funds.
6. Investment funds can be divided into international funds, overseas funds, domestic funds, national funds and regional funds according to different sources of funds and application areas.
7. In stock funds, according to the scale of investment objects, they can be divided into large-cap stocks, medium-cap stocks and small-cap stocks.
8. According to different investment methods, it can be divided into active investment funds and passive investment funds.
Advantages and disadvantages of the fund:
Closed-end fund:
Because closed-end funds are traded by bidding in securities trading, the transaction price is affected by the relationship between market supply and demand, which does not necessarily reflect the fund's net asset value, that is, the transaction price of closed-end funds has a premium and discount phenomenon relative to its net asset value. The practice of foreign closed-end funds shows that the transaction price often has the price fluctuation law of first premium and then discount. Judging from the operation of closed-end funds in China, no matter how the fundamental situation changes, the transaction price trend of closed-end funds in China has never deviated from the price fluctuation law of first premium and then discount.
Open-end fund:
The scale of the fund is not fixed, and the fund unit can sell it to investors at any time or buy it back at the request of investors; Without duration, it can theoretically exist forever; The price is determined by the net asset value. Closed-end funds have a fixed duration, and the fund scale is fixed during the duration. Generally, they are listed and traded on the stock exchange, and investors buy and sell fund shares through the secondary market. You are not allowed to accept new shares and offer shares for a period of time before the new round of opening up. When opening up, you can decide how much you offer or how much you reinvest, and newcomers can also buy shares at this time; Generally, the opening time is 1 week and the closing time is 1 year; The price is determined by the relationship between supply and demand, and the net value of the fund will affect the fund price, but the two are not unified. Usually, closed-end funds trade at a discount.
Warrant fund:
This kind of fund mainly invests in warrants, because warrants have the characteristics of high leverage and high risk, and the fluctuation range of this kind of fund is larger than that of stock funds.
Contract fund:
The trustee accepts the entrustment of the fund manager company to register and open an account for the fund in the name of the trustee or trust company. The fund account is completely independent of the account of the fund custody company. Even if the fund custody company goes bankrupt due to poor management, its creditors cannot use the assets of the fund. Its duties are to manage, keep and dispose of the trust property, supervise the investment work of the fund manager, and ensure that the fund manager abides by the investment regulations listed in the prospectus, so as to make its investment portfolio meet the requirements of trust deed. When there is a problem with the unit trust fund, the client is responsible for claiming compensation from the investor.
Balanced fund:
Balanced fund is a fund that pursues both long-term capital appreciation and current income. These funds mainly invest in bonds, preferred stocks and some common stocks. The portfolio proportion of these securities is relatively stable. Generally, 25%-50% of the total assets are used for preferred stocks and bonds, and the rest are used for common stock investment. Its risk and return are between growth funds and income fund.
Corporate fund:
According to the articles of association, the board of directors is responsible for the safe appreciation of fund assets. For the convenience of management, mutual funds often have fund managers and custodians. The fund manager is responsible for the investment management of fund assets, and the custodian is responsible for supervising the investment activities of the fund manager. The custodian may (not necessarily) open an account in the bank and register the fund assets in his own name. In order to clarify the rights and obligations of both parties, * * * has a contractual relationship with the fund company and the custodian, and the responsibilities of the custodian are clearly stipulated in the Custody Agreement signed by him and * * * with the fund company. If the fund of * * * has problems, investors have the right to directly ask the fund company of * * *.
Trust funds:
1, collective investment
2. Expert management and operation
3. Securities investment and risk diversification
4. Separation of asset management and asset custody.
5. Enjoy the benefits and take risks.
6, for the purpose of pure investment.
7. Strong liquidity
Equity funds:
Equity funds have a variety of investment targets and investment purposes. Equity funds have the characteristics of risk diversification and low cost. For ordinary investors, individual capital is limited after all, and it is difficult to reduce investment risks by diversifying investment types. However, if you invest in stock funds, investors can not only share the benefits of all kinds of stocks, but also spread the risks among all kinds of stocks by investing in stock funds, which greatly reduces the investment risks. In addition, investors who invest in stock funds can also enjoy the relative advantages of large-scale investment of funds, reduce investment costs, improve investment efficiency and obtain the benefits of economies of scale.
Monetary fund:
The main difference between money market funds and other funds that invest in stocks is that the net asset value of a fund unit is fixed, usually per fund unit 1 yuan. After investors invest in this fund, they can reinvest with the proceeds, and the investment income will accumulate continuously to increase the fund share owned by investors. For example, an investor who invests in a money market fund of 100 yuan can own 100 fund shares. After 1 year, if the return on investment is 8%, the investor will have 8 more fund shares, totaling 108, with a value of 108 yuan.
Bond fund:
Low risk, low return. Due to the stable income and low risk of bonds, compared with equity funds, bond funds have low risk but low income; The cost is lower. Because bond investment management is not as complicated as stock investment management, the management fee of bond funds is relatively low; Income is stable. Investment bonds have regular interest returns and promise to repay the principal and interest at maturity, so the income of bond funds is relatively stable; Pay attention to current income. Bond funds mainly pursue relatively fixed income in the current period, and lack appreciation potential compared with equity funds, so they are more suitable for investors who are unwilling to take too many risks and seek stable income in the current period.