China is 70% of the global e-waste distribution center, and it is also a big country in the production and consumption of electronic products. With the development of enterprises and the rapid integration of "internet plus", various innovative recycling modes of waste electrical and electronic products have sprung up.
On July 26, in front of the waste collection station in a residential area of Dapingzheng Street in Chongqing, Ms. Liu, who was planning to dispose of the old mobile phone, was worried: "The waste collection station doesn't accept electronic products now, saying that they are not qualified to disassemble and are afraid of being punished by the environmental protection department." In the end, she had no choice but to sell it to the waste collector at a near-free low price.
It is understood that due to the rapid development of the electronics industry, e-waste grows at a rate of nearly 20% every year, becoming the fastest growing waste in the world. China is 70% of the global e-waste distribution center, and it is also a big country in the production and consumption of electronic products. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, the annual output of e-waste in China is about 2 million tons. Some research reports show that by 2030, the number of discarded electronic products in China will exceed 27 million tons. At the same time, the total value of recyclable metals in the circuit boards of discarded computers and mobile phones will reach 654.38+06 billion yuan.
The dismantling industry has brought wealth and paid a high environmental price.
A few days ago, the report "Global E-waste Monitoring in 2020" released by the United Nations showed that the total amount of global e-waste reached a record 53.6 million tons last year, an increase of 2 1% in just five years. It is predicted that this figure will reach 74 million tons in 2030. According to the data of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, in recent years, the annual scrap of major electrical and electronic products in China has exceeded 200 million units. As the world's largest producer and consumer of electronic and electrical products, China's discarded electronic products such as televisions, refrigerators and mobile phones have exceeded 1 654,380+million tons, ranking first in the total amount of electronic waste in the world.
The report shows that in 20 19, only 17.4% of e-waste was collected and recycled. This means that gold, silver, copper, platinum and other high-value and recyclable materials are mostly dumped or burned. According to conservative estimates, the value of these unrecycled electronic wastes can reach 57 billion US dollars, exceeding the GDP of most countries.
The fact that the dismantling industry has brought huge wealth and paid a high environmental price cannot be ignored. Take Guiyu Town, Shantou City, Guangdong Province, which is the largest dismantling site in China, as an example, it handles more than 1 10,000 tons of e-waste from developed countries such as Japan, the United States and South Korea every year. However, the sampling analysis of the riverbank sediments in Guiyu Town shows that the concentration of barium is 10 times of the critical value of soil pollution, the concentration of tin is 152 times, the concentration of chromium is 1300 times, and the concentration of lead is more than 200 times of the dangerous pollution standard.
E-waste recycling industry chain needs to be established urgently.
"These home appliances are used by every household, and now they are gradually at the peak of upgrading. We buy them from residents' homes and send them to the designated old household appliances dismantling factory for sorting, dismantling and recycling. "Zhang Hua, the head of an old household appliance recycling enterprise in Chongqing, said that the circulation speed of old TVs is relatively fast, and they can be transported away soon after acquisition. However, due to the lack of professional dismantling enterprises after recycling, old mobile phones can only be temporarily stored in warehouses. Now there are more than 65438+ mobile phones, but they can't be sold.
Compared with Zhang Hua's old household appliances recycling enterprises, more residents sell old household appliances to the "mobile army" that collects all kinds of second-hand goods along the street. At present, these self-employed people who push human tricycles to collect waste products have become the main force to recycle all kinds of electronic waste.
Tang, secretary-general of the Electronic Branch of China Renewable Resources Recycling Association, said that up to now, there are more than 200 enterprises dealing with waste electrical and electronic products in China. However, many formal e-waste disposal enterprises can't recover the e-waste that can maintain the normal production capacity of enterprises and can't develop healthily.
At present, China has a number of formal recycling leading enterprises with large-scale operation capacity, advanced technology and equipment and standardized management, such as China Recycling, Gree and TCL. Promote the formation of an integrated industrial chain of recycling, treatment and utilization.
Zhongtian Electronic Waste Treatment Co., Ltd. is located in Dazu District, Chongqing, mainly engaged in the comprehensive treatment and disposal of electronic waste within the main urban area of Chongqing. In 20 19, the company's three companies, Zhongtian Electronics, China-Canada Environmental Protection and Shunmao Renewable Resources, recovered about 3.5 million sets of used electrical appliances.
"After the disassembly is completed, it will be classified and stored. Recyclable sales are reused by relevant enterprises, and hazardous wastes are handed over to enterprises with treatment qualifications. " Peng Huigang, general manager of Zhongtian Company, said that the company has built a refined management and control model through the comprehensive application of production process control, erp system management and 7S management long-term mechanism.
It is imperative to establish and improve laws, regulations and management mechanisms.
With the improvement of dismantling technology, especially the technical development of recovering and extracting precious metals and valuable materials from electronic waste. E-waste "money" appears. Some large-scale production enterprises have entered this industry, and the industry has developed rapidly. However, due to the lack of uniform standards, the development of the industry is disorderly.
From a legal point of view, the recycling and harmless treatment of e-waste lacks special legal provisions. It is understood that referring to the treatment mode of "extended producer responsibility system" in developed countries, China has implemented a fund system for waste electrical and electronic products, encouraged production enterprises to participate in recycling through financial subsidies, and built their own processing enterprises to treat electrical waste. However, the current policy mainly subsidizes televisions, refrigerators, washing machines, air conditioners and computers.
In this regard, Dong Mingzhu, chairman of Gree Electric, suggested at this year's National People's Congress to establish a tracking information system for electronic products and household appliances to prevent them from flowing into the second-hand market. At the same time, it is hoped that government departments will adjust the amount of fund subsidies, expand the types of subsidies, and give recycling enterprises more encouragement and support policies.
With the development of enterprises and the rapid integration of "internet plus", various innovative recycling modes of waste electrical and electronic products have sprung up. For example, green consumption+green recycling, Internet plus classified recycling, two-network integration recycling, EPR recycling and other recycling modes. The recycling industry of waste electrical and electronic products has entered a new stage of development. It is estimated that by 2030, the output value of classified resource utilization of solid waste in China will reach 7 trillion yuan to 8 trillion yuan, which will drive 40 million to 50 million people to find jobs and is expected to become an important industrial category.