1. Our country has a vast territory, a large population, uneven distribution of resources, and uneven regional economic development.

Therefore, railways have long played a backbone role in China's transportation system, and due to the technical and economic characteristics of railways, the development of railways is of great significance to China's current implementation of sustainable development.

2. China’s first railway was built by British businessmen from Shanghai to Wusong in 1876, which was 51 years behind the world’s first officially operational railway.

In 1881, the Qing government approved the construction of a 10-kilometer railway from the Tangshan mining area to Xugezhuang, marking the beginning of China's railway construction.

2.1 From 1876 to 1911, during the Qing government, the General Assembly built 9,100 kilometers of railways. Among them, the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway (Beijing to Zhangjiakou) was the first main railway line built by the Chinese.

2.2 In 1912, Dr. Sun Yat-sen proposed a plan to build 160,000 kilometers of railways.

This is China's earliest railway network layout concept.

2.3 From 1911 to 1949, 17,100 kilometers of railways were built during the Republic of China. Together with the Qing government, there were 26,200 kilometers of railways in mainland China.

However, 3,600 kilometers were removed due to war damage or other reasons. When the People's Republic of China was founded, only 22,600 kilometers of railways were left in mainland China.

2.4 The railway construction in old China was not only small in quantity and low in quality, but also unreasonable in layout. Most of them were in coastal areas, and there were almost no railways in the southwest and northwest regions.

Since each railway is managed independently, the performance of railway transportation capacity is limited.

3. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Chinese People's Government established the Ministry of Railways to uniformly manage the country's railways, organized bridge and line restoration projects, and vigorously built new railways to ensure the growing transportation needs.

3.1 During the three-year economic recovery period (1949-1952), the track laying and opening tasks of the Chengdu-Chongqing and Tianlan-Lanzhou Railways were completed.

Then construction started on the new buildings of Lanxin, Baocheng and Fengsha.

By 1958, 1,994 kilometers of old railways had been restored, 1,337 kilometers of second-line railways had been built and restored, and 14 railway hubs had been improved and strengthened.

Due to the completion of the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, the entire railway line from Beijing to Guangzhou has been connected, and the national railway operating mileage (excluding local railways and enterprise-specific lines) has increased to 26,708 kilometers.

3.2 From 1958 to 1965, newly built railway trunk lines include Baolan, Lanxin, Lanqing, Qianwu, Duyun to Guiyang section of Guizhou-Guizhou Railway, Jingcheng, Taijiao, Waifu, Xiaoyong Railway, etc.

The first 91-kilometer electrified railway section from Baoji to Fengzhou of the Baoji-Chengdu Railway was built.

3.3 During the "Cultural Revolution", railway construction suffered great disruption, but construction and production did not completely stop.

The main railway lines include Guiyang-Kunming, Chengdu-Kunming, Hunan-Guizhou, Jingyuan, and Jiaozhi railways; Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge and Zhicheng Yangtze River Bridge have also been built.

By the end of 1976, the national railway operating mileage was 46,262 kilometers, of which the double-tracking rate was 15.7%.

4. After the reform and opening up, the national economy developed rapidly, railway passenger and freight volume increased sharply, and railway transportation capacity was overall tight.

In the 1980s, the focus of railway construction was mainly on improving the coal transportation capacity of the "Three West" and strengthening the transportation capacity of the railway behind the coastal ports, especially the transportation capacity of the "stuck neck" section.

During this period, new railway lines such as Beijing-Qinzhou, Daqin, Yanshi, Xinhe, Anhui-Jiangxi, Qinghai-Tibet Railway Hag Section, and Southern Xinjiang Railway Tuku Section were built.

The second lines of the Jiaoji, Tongpu, Shide, Longhai East Section, Beijing-Guangzhou South Section, and Shanghai-Nanjing railways were added, and the electrification transformation of Fengshada, Shitai, Taijiao, Chengdu-Chongqing, Guiyang-Kunming and other railways was carried out

.

By the end of 1990, the operating mileage of railways reached 53,378 kilometers, with 13,024 kilometers of double-tracking and 6,941 kilometers of electrified lines.

The number of local railways reaches 4,424 kilometers.

5. During the "Eighth Five-Year Plan" period, my country's railway construction focused on alleviating transportation tensions and highlighted the construction of trunk corridors.

Especially after Comrade Xiaoping delivered his speech on his southern tour, the national economy developed rapidly and the tension in railway transportation intensified.

The Party Central Committee and the State Council attach great importance to the development of railways and have successively issued a series of policies and measures. Railways have entered a new period of development.

5.1 From 1990 to 1996, the national railway operating mileage increased by 7,129 kilometers to 64,900 kilometers, including 3,043 kilometers of joint venture railways, 5,210 kilometers of local railways, 18,423 kilometers of national double-track railways, and 10,082 kilometers of electrified railways.

The Beijing-Kowloon, Baozhong, Lanzhou-Xinjiang double-track, Zhejiang-Jiangxi double-track, Daqin Line 100 million ton supporting projects, Houyue Line, Guangzhou-Shenzhen quasi-high-speed railway, Beijing West Railway Station, etc. have been completed and put into operation, which has greatly improved the road network layout.

The transportation capacity has been improved, creating conditions for the sustained, rapid and healthy development of the national economy.

5.2 At the end of the "Eighth Five-Year Plan" period, my country's production capacity was 600 diesel locomotives, 300 electric locomotives, 3,100 passenger cars (including 200 off-road factory capacity), and 48,000 trucks (including 9,000 off-road factory capacity). .

5.3 In August 1992, the State Council approved the policy of central and local joint ventures in railway construction.