As the second largest economy in the world, China is playing an increasingly important role in the world.
Over the past 30 years of reform and opening up, China has reduced the poverty population by more than 700 million, contributing more than 70% to global poverty reduction, and making great contributions to global poverty reduction.
In the past five years, China's contribution to world economic growth reached 30.2%, exceeding the sum of the contributions of the United States, the euro zone and Japan, and became a key force to promote world economic growth.
"In recent years, an important contributor to promoting the global social security coverage from 27% to 29% is China." Christina Behrendt, who is in charge of social security policy of the International Labour Organization, said recently.
China has made great progress in pension and unemployment benefits, which is an important driving force for the development of social security in the world.
Transfer of state-owned assets to social security
165438+1October 18 the State Council announced the Implementation Plan for Transferring Part of State-owned Capital to Enrich the Social Security Fund. Central, local and state-controlled large and medium-sized enterprises and financial institutions are all included in the scope of equity transfer, and the transfer ratio is unified as 10% of the state-owned equity of enterprises.
Unless otherwise stipulated by public welfare enterprises, cultural enterprises, policy and development financial institutions and the State Council.
What is the concept of state-owned shares 10%? Some experts predict that if the transfer is in place, the scale will be considerable, and the total national transfer is expected to reach 10 trillion.
10 trillion is not just talk. According to the latest data 1 1 released by the Ministry of Finance in June, by the end of June 10, the total assets of state-owned and state-controlled enterprises in China exceeded 150 trillion yuan.
Zheng Bingwen, director of the World Social Security Research Center of China Academy of Social Sciences, estimates that excluding those enterprises that are not within the scope of transfer, there are at least 100 trillion assets. According to the transfer ratio of 10%, it is estimated that the allocated assets are about 100 trillion.
According to the plan, the basic goal of transferring state-owned capital will be to make up for the gap in the basic old-age insurance fund for enterprise employees formed by the policy that enterprise employees enjoy the deemed payment period during the transition period of the basic old-age insurance system for enterprise employees.
Simply put, before the establishment of China's old-age insurance system, state-owned enterprises and employees did not pay the old-age insurance, and these employees entered the new old-age insurance system as if they had paid it themselves.
With the aging of our country, the situation that the income of the old-age insurance can't meet the expenditure is expanding.
According to the budget data of the national social insurance fund in 20 14, the income of the basic endowment insurance fund for enterprise employees is 20148.9 billion yuan, of which the insurance premium income is1755.4 billion yuan, and the financial subsidy income is 303.8 billion yuan. Expenditure1911700 million yuan. After deducting the financial subsidy, the current premium income is deducted from the expenditure, resulting in a deficit of156.3 billion yuan.
This figure, by 20 15, has expanded to more than 300 billion.
Make a long-term plan
The social security fund gap mainly stems from historical reasons, and it is an inevitable trend to supplement the social security fund with state-owned assets.
However, some people worry that if inferior assets or loss-making enterprises are crossed over, the social security fund will not only be unable to pay dividends, but may also need to inject capital to promote the development of enterprises.
Because the operation of state-owned enterprises will also face risks, and there are many problems in the efficiency and management of state-owned enterprises.
Experts said that the core question is, does the implementation of the plan mean a large amount of realized state-owned capital? If it is realized in large quantities, it will inevitably affect the stability and development of state-owned enterprises.
The Ministry of Finance specifically responded to this. The operation of state-owned capital is mainly the structural adjustment and orderly advance and retreat of state-owned capital. The goal is to preserve and increase the value of state-owned capital and gain more benefits, rather than simply realizing state-owned capital.
The reform solved the problem. Facing the state-owned capital to be transferred soon, how to preserve and increase the value, how to pay dividends and how to collect income will be the biggest challenge in the future.
In Zheng Bingwen's view, the goal of state-owned assets transfer is not to solve historical debts and transition costs, nor should it just solve the gap of "reducing fees", or even solve the current income and expenditure gap, but only solve the hidden debts in the future.
Su Hainan, vice president of china association for labour studies, holds a similar view. The transfer of state-owned capital to social security fund is mainly to solve the future pressure for a long time and form a channel for sustainable growth, which is very important.
He believes that as long as the property rights are owned by the social security fund and the state-owned capital operates normally, the income will be stable for a long time. As for the transfer of other state-owned shares and profit transmission, it can be used as another source of social security funds.
The "Proposal" also mentioned that it is necessary to adhere to the long-term perspective and "establish an operating mechanism that combines the transfer of state-owned capital with gradually making up for the gap in the basic endowment insurance fund for enterprise employees."