A business plan is a written summary of the business that the entrepreneur plans to create, and an excellent business plan will often make the entrepreneur get twice the result with half the effort.

brief introduction

Business plan is an all-round business plan, the main purpose of which is to submit it to investors, so that they can judge the enterprise or project, so that the enterprise can obtain financing. It is used to describe the internal and external environmental conditions and elements related to the proposed enterprise, provide an indicator diagram for business development and measure business progress. Usually, a business plan is a combination of marketing, finance, production, human resources and other functional plans.

The business plan has a relatively fixed format and contains almost all the contents that investors are interested in. The quality of a business plan often determines the success or failure of an investment transaction. For start-up venture enterprises, the role of business plan is particularly important. After the entrepreneurial goal and motivation are determined, all the conditions such as capital, contacts and market are ready or have accumulated considerable strength. At this time, a complete business plan must be provided, which is the soul of the whole business process.

From enterprise growth experience, products and services, market, marketing, management team, shareholding structure, organization and personnel, finance, operation and financing scheme. Only a business plan with detailed content, rich data, complete system and exquisite binding can attract investors, let them know the business operation plan of the project and make the financing demand become a reality.

The drafting of a business plan is as complicated as the business itself, which requires not only a thorough study of the industry and market, but also good writing skills. For a developing enterprise, a professional business plan is not only a necessary material for finding investment, but also a process of comprehensive thinking and repositioning the current situation and future development strategy of the enterprise.

ingredient

Business plan is the carrier of putting business ideas into practice in black and white. The quality of business plans often directly affects whether the founders can find partners, obtain funds and other policies to support business plans. How to write a business plan? It depends on the goal, that is, the goal of the plan. For example, should I write it to investors? Still have to take bank loans, from different uses, the focus of the plan will be different.

Usually a business plan needs to write a one-page summary in front, followed by a specific chapter of the business plan, which is generally divided into ten chapters.

Chapter One: Occupation Description

You must describe what industry you want to enter, what products (or services) you sell and who your main customers are. Whether the life cycle of the industry is in the stage of germination, growth, maturity or decline. Also, whether the enterprise should be in the form of sole proprietorship, partnership or company, when and how long it is planned to open.

Chapter II: Products/Services

You need to describe what your products and services are, what features they have, how your products are different from competitors, and why customers will buy them if they are not special.

Chapter III: Market

First of all, we need to know where the target market is, whether it is the existing market with customers or developing new customers in new markets. Different markets and different customers have different marketing methods. After determining the target, then decide how to go public, promote sales, price, etc. And make a good budget.

Chapter IV: Location

The general company may not have a great influence on the location, but if you want to open a store, the location of the store is very important.

Chapter 5: Competition

In particular, we should do the competition analysis in the following three periods: 1. When starting a business or entering a new market; 2. When a new competitor enters the market he operates; 3. Doing competitive analysis anytime and anywhere is the most labor-saving. Competition analysis can be done from five directions: who are the closest five competitors; How is their business? How similar they are to this business; What to learn from them; How to do better than them?

Chapter VI: Management

98% of the failure of small and medium-sized enterprises comes from the lack of management, and 45% is due to the lack of competitiveness of management and no clear solution.

Chapter VII: Personnel

It is necessary to consider the personnel demand, and specifically consider which professional and technical talents need to be introduced, full-time or part-time, how to calculate the salary, the required personnel cost, etc.

Chapter 8: Financial Demand and Application

Consider the use of financing funds, working capital turnover, etc. And forecast the income statement, balance sheet and cash flow statement for the next three years.

Chapter 9: Risks

Does not mean that competition is risk. Risks may be import and export exchange risk, restaurant fire risk, etc. And pay attention to how to deal with risks when they come.

Chapter 10: Growth and Development

What's the next step? What will happen in three years? This should also be mentioned in the business plan. Enterprises should be sustainable, so they should be diversified and global in planning.

trait

Reasonable structure: investors should be able to find answers to their concerns in the plan, and it is easy to find topics of special interest to them. This requires that the business plan must have a clear structure, so that readers can flexibly choose what they want to see.

Persuade investors with objectivity: Try to make your tone more objective and give investors a chance to carefully weigh whether your argument is convincing, instead of endless bragging advertisements.

Let the public know that some entrepreneurs believe that they can impress investors with rich technical details, careful blueprints and detailed analysis. They are wrong. Only in rare cases will technical experts evaluate these data in detail. In most cases, simple instructions, sketches and photos are enough. If the plan must include the technical details and production process of the product, you should put them in the appendix.

Business plan includes nine aspects.

I. Company Profile

This part will introduce the company's main industries, products and services, the company's competitive advantages, the place and time of establishment, the stage and other basic information.

Second, the company's business description

This part introduces the company's purpose and goal, the company's development plan and strategy.

Three. Products or services

Introduce the company's products or services, describe the uses and advantages of products and services, related patents, copyrights, government approvals, etc.

Four. income

Introduce the company's revenue sources and predict revenue growth.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) competition and marketing

Analyze the existing and future competitors, their strengths and weaknesses, as well as our company's corresponding strengths and the direction of defeating competitors.

Intransitive verb management team

Introduce important people in the company, including their positions, work experience, education level, etc. The number of full-time and part-time employees of the company; What jobs are available?

Seven. Financial forecast

The company's current financial statements, 5-year financial statement forecast and investment exit mode (public listing, stock repurchase, sale, merger or merger).

Eight. capital structure

The fund raising and use of the company, the financing mode of the company, and the capital structure table before and after financing.

Nine. appendix

Materials supporting the above information: management resume, sales manual, product drawings, etc.

content

Generally speaking, a business plan should include business type, capital planning and source, total capital allocation ratio, stage goal, financial forecast, marketing strategy, possible risk assessment, business motivation, shareholder list, and the number of employees scheduled. The specific content generally includes the following eleven aspects:

Cover introduction

The design of the cover should be aesthetic and artistic, and a good cover will give readers a preliminary impression and form a good first impression.

Plan summary

This is the essence of condensed business plan.

The outline of the plan covers the main points of the plan, making it clear at a glance, so that readers can review the plan and make judgments in the shortest time.

Company introduction;

Managers and their organizations;

Main products and business scope;

Market overview;

Marketing strategy;

Sales plan;

Production management plan;

Financial plan;

Capital demand, etc.

Try to be concise and vivid. In particular, it is necessary to explain the differences between their own enterprises and their successful market factors.

Enterprise introduction

The purpose of this part is not to describe the whole plan, nor to provide another summary, but to introduce your company, so the focus is on your company philosophy and how to formulate the company's strategic goals.

industry analysis

In the industry analysis, we should correctly evaluate the basic characteristics, competition status and future development trend of the selected industry.

Typical problems about industry analysis:

(1) How developed is this industry? What is the current development trend?

(2) What role does innovation and technological progress play in this industry?

(3) What is the total sales of this industry? What's the total income? What is the development trend?

(4) What is the price trend?

(5) What impact does economic development have on this industry? How does the government affect the industry?

(6) What factors determine its development?

(7) What is the essence of competition? What kind of strategy will you adopt?

(8) What are the obstacles to entering this industry? How will you overcome it? What is the typical rate of return in this industry?

Product introduction

The product introduction should include the following contents: the concept, performance and characteristics of the product; Introduction of main products; Market competitiveness of products; Product development process; Plan and cost analysis of developing new products; Market prospect forecast of products; Brand and patent of products, etc.

In the product (service) introduction part, entrepreneurs should make a detailed description of the product (service), which should be accurate and easy to understand, so that non-professional investors can understand it. In general, product introduction should be accompanied by product prototype, photos or other introductions.

organization structure

In the production activities of enterprises, there are human resource management, technical management, financial management, operation management, product management and so on. And human resource management is a very important link.

Because of the development of today's society, people have become the most precious resource, which is determined by people's initiative and creativity. Enterprises should follow scientific principles and methods to manage such resources well.

In the business plan, it is necessary to define the key management personnel and introduce their abilities. Their positions and responsibilities in the enterprise, their past detailed experience and background. In addition, in this part of the business plan, the company structure should also be briefly introduced, including: the organization chart of the company; Functions and responsibilities of various departments; Heads of departments and main members; The company's salary system; List of shareholders of the company, including stock options, proportions and privileges; Board members of the company; Background information of directors.

Experience and past success are more convincing than a degree. If you are going to leave a particularly important position to an inexperienced person, you must give a good reason.

market forecasting

It shall include the following contents:

1, demand forecast;

2. Market forecast: an overview of the current market situation;

3. Overview of competitors;

4. Target customers and target markets;

5. The market position of the products of this enterprise, etc.

market strategy

Misunderstanding of the market is one of the most important reasons for the failure of enterprises.

In the business plan, the marketing strategy should include the following contents:

(1) Selection of market organization and marketing channels;

(2) Marketing team and management;

(3) Promotion plan and advertising strategy;

(4) Price decision.

Manufacturing plan

The manufacturing plan in the business plan shall include the following contents:

1, product manufacturing and technical equipment status;

2, new product production plan;

3, technical upgrading and equipment update requirements;

4, quality control and quality improvement plan.

Financial planning

Financial planning generally includes the following contents:

The emphasis is on the preparation of cash flow statement, balance sheet and income statement.

Liquidity is the lifeline of an enterprise, so when an enterprise starts or expands, it needs to be carefully planned in advance and strictly controlled in the process;

The income statement reflects the profitability of the enterprise, which is the operating result of the enterprise after a period of operation; The balance sheet reflects the state of the enterprise at a certain moment, and investors can use the ratio index obtained from the data in the balance sheet to measure the operating status and possible return on investment of the enterprise.

Risk and risk management

(1) What are the basic risks of your company in terms of market, competition and technology?

(2) How will you deal with these risks?

(3) What additional opportunities do you think your company has?

(4) How to expand based on your capital?

(5) How does your five-year plan perform under the best and worst conditions?

If your estimate is not so accurate, you should estimate how big your error range is. If possible, make the best and worst settings for your key parameters.

;