Funds are financial products jointly issued by banks and enterprises, so funds are also a way of managing money. However, other financial management methods in financial management are more risky than funds, and funds are generally purchased from banks, which is safer.
Although the fund may be trapped, as long as there is a fund in the enterprise that issues the fund, it will exist, so the general fund will not lose all its money at any time, and other financial management methods are also indifferent. Without the operability of the fund, it may lead to full payment of principal and interest. Therefore, when investing, we must choose low-risk financial projects.
First, according to the investment direction, it is divided into four types: money fund, bond fund, mixed fund and stock fund.
1, Monetary Fund
Mainly invest in government bonds, corporate bonds and financial bonds. , less risk, lower income, similar to one-year time deposit, between 2% and 4%, but it is safe enough and has good liquidity. Common money funds are Alipay and WeChat.
2. Bond funds
The proportion of investment in bonds is above 80%, and some stocks can also be invested. If it is a pure debt fund, the investment ratio is as high as 100%. The yield is around 5%-7%.
3. Mixed funds
Such funds can freely adjust the proportion of stocks and bonds, increase the proportion of stocks in a bull market and bonds in a bear market, and flexibly adjust the proportion of investments to achieve the purpose of improving returns and reducing risks. According to the proportion of stocks and funds, it can be divided into partial stocks, partial debts and balanced funds. The level of income depends largely on the fund manager's stock selection and investment ability.
4. Equity funds
The proportion of investment in stocks is as high as 80% or more, which also depends very much on the fund manager's stock selection ability.
Two, according to the classification of trading channels, mainly divided into OTC funds and OTC funds.
1. On-market funds mainly trade on the market, and the trading target is investors with stock accounts, usually in real time.
2. OTC funds mainly deal with fund companies. The price of the fund is one price per day, calculated according to the price of each work transaction 15 the day before and 15 the day after. On third-party platforms such as Yu 'ebao and WeChat Bitcom, the funds inside are all off-site funds.
Three, according to the mode of operation, divided into open-end funds and closed-end funds.
1, the open-end fund share is not fixed, and the transaction object is the fund company. The larger the scale, the greater the share, and the smaller the scale, the smaller the share.
2. The share of closed-end funds is fixed and can only be traded by investors in the market during the closed period.
Four, according to the investment philosophy, divided into active funds and passive funds (also known as index funds).
1. Active fund means that by raising investors' funds, the fund manager has the final say on what to invest, which stock to invest and which bond to invest, and relies heavily on the fund manager's ability.
2. Passive funds are also called index funds. What is an index? Index is a rule of stock selection. A series of stocks are selected according to certain rules, and their average prices are calculated by professionals, among which these stocks are called constituent stocks.
Index funds can also be divided into generalized index funds and industry index funds. Broad base index is a fund that invests in stocks of all walks of life, such as Shanghai and Shenzhen 300, CSI 500, SSE 50 and Hang Seng Index. Industry index funds refer to index funds that invest in specific industries, such as liquor and new energy vehicles.