Organic matter: petroleum, natural gas, cotton, dyes, chemical fibers, plastics, plexiglass, natural and synthetic drugs, etc.
Extended data:
Classification method of organic matter
There are many kinds of organic matter, which can be divided into hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon derivatives. According to the carbon skeleton structure of organic molecules, they can also be divided into three categories: open-chain compounds, carbocyclic compounds and heterocyclic compounds. According to the different functional groups contained in organic molecules, they are divided into alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons and halogenated hydrocarbons, alcohols, phenols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and esters.
According to the carbon skeleton
1, chain compound
The carbon atoms in the molecules of these compounds are interconnected into chains. They are also called aliphatic compounds because they were originally found in fat. Its structural feature is that carbon and carbon are connected to form an open chain.
2. Cyclic compounds
Cyclic compounds refer to compounds in which atoms in molecules are arranged in a ring shape. Cyclic compounds are divided into alicyclic compounds and aromatic compounds.
(1) alicyclic compounds: compounds with rings and no aromatic rings (such as benzene rings, condensed rings or some heterocyclic rings with the properties of benzene rings or condensed rings). Such as cyclopropane, cyclohexene, cyclohexanol, etc.
(2) Aromatic compounds: compounds containing aromatic rings (such as benzene rings, condensed rings or some heterocyclic rings with the properties of benzene rings or condensed rings). Such as benzene, homologues and derivatives of benzene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and derivatives, pyrrole, pyridine, etc.
By constituent element
1, hydrocarbons. Organic compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen are called hydrocarbons. Such as methane, ethylene, acetylene, benzene, etc. Methane is the simplest hydrocarbon.
2. Derivatives of hydrocarbons. A series of compounds generated by the substitution of hydrogen atoms in hydrocarbon molecules by other atoms or atomic groups are called hydrocarbon derivatives. Such as halogenated hydrocarbons, alcohols, amino acids, nucleic acids, etc.
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