Tang, agronomist and agricultural educator. In his early years, he worked in Jiangsu, Fujian and Zhejiang, and later in Taiwan Province Province for more than 60 years in higher agricultural education and scientific research, with rich works. The book Principles and Implementation of Crop Breeding is his masterpiece. There are incisive studies on the inheritance of rice characters, the genetic relationship of rice seeds, dormancy and rice swelling. Advocating bud pollination on soybean makes hybridization technology difficult and easy; Establish the selection index of hybrid offspring, so that the breeding process can be followed; The breeding of new soybean variety "TEDA 1-7" greatly increased soybean yield and made important contributions to soybean production in Taiwan Province Province.
Chinese name: Tang.
Nationality: China.
Ethnic group: Han nationality
Place of birth: Quanzhou, Fujian Province
Date of birth:1900 65438+129 October.
Occupation: agronomist and agricultural educator
Graduate school: Department of Agriculture, National Central University
Main achievements: The soybean variety "National Taiwan University 1-7" was bred.
Representative work: principle and implementation of crop breeding
The life of the character
Tang190010/KLOC-0 was born in Quanzhou, Fujian on October 29th. 1907 (8 years old) went to Yangon, Myanmar with his father, Tang Qingrun (an overseas Chinese businessman in Mihang), and studied at the Overseas Chinese Affairs Office Primary School. 1909 returned home with his father's illness. Shortly after his father died, he stayed in his hometown to study, and 19 18 graduated from Quanzhou Middle School. 1920 went to the Philippines with my brother Tang Wenbing and taught at Manila Chinese School for two years. 1922 resigned and returned to China. I teach at Shi Pei Elementary School in Quanzhou.
Tang was diligent and studious since childhood, and was deeply loved by his mother and brother. With the help of his family and the support of relatives and friends, he was admitted to the Agriculture Department of National Beijing Agricultural University with the name 1924. 1926 transferred to the Agricultural Department of Nanjing National Southeast University (later changed to National Central University). 1929 graduated from university, stayed in school as a teaching assistant, and was promoted to a lecturer because of his excellent grades. From 1930 to 1935, he devoted himself to teaching, and under the leadership of Professor Zhao, the head of the department, he was engaged in genetic and physiological research and breeding of rice, sorghum and other crops. He also presided over the largest and best-equipped rice planting experiment in Kunshan, China at that time. He studied hard and achieved excellent results.
1935 went to the United States for further study and entered the graduate school of Texas A&M university for further study. However, due to overwork, physical weakness and severe insomnia, he had to return to the motherland in advance. When I am well, I will go back to my alma mater to teach. 1937 War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression broke out and schools moved in. Tang returned to Fujian at the invitation of the provincial government of his origin, and successively served as the agricultural technical commissioner of the Fujian provincial government. At the same time, he is the president of the College of Farmers' Teachers' Further Education, the president of Changle Senior Agricultural Vocational School, and the director of Changle Farm. After the Fujian provincial government moved west to Yong 'an, Fujian Agricultural Reform Department was established, and Tang concurrently served as the director of the Agricultural Department. Later, he served as the director of Fujian agricultural experimental field and the principal of provincial advanced agricultural school for two years. Finally, he resigned because of the complicated administrative affairs, which was not suitable for his personality and health. From 65438 to 0940, he left Fujian and went to Zhejiang, where he was appointed as a short-term technical assistant and professor at the Agricultural College of Yingshi University. From 65438 to 0944, he died in Yong 'an because of his brother's illness, and returned to Fujian again, serving as a professor and head of the agricultural department of Fujian United University.
With the victory of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Taiwan Province Province returned to the motherland. Tang went to Taiwan in August 2006 at the invitation of Zhao. He worked in Taiwan Province for several decades, first as the preparatory director of the Statistics Office of Agriculture and Forestry Department, and then as the director of the Agriculture Department of Taiwan Province Agricultural Experimental Institute, from 65438 to 0948. He worked for four years, and besides managing field affairs and repairing facilities, he also actively took the lead in experimental research and made contributions to the agricultural revival in Taiwan Province Province. Tang was appointed as Professor and Head of the Department of Agriculture of Taiwan Province Provincial University, 1948. 1952 resigned as the head of the department and concentrated on teaching, research and work. 1973 retired (at the age of 74). 1986 (87 years old) Taiwan Province provincial university was awarded the honorary title of "honorary professor" for its outstanding teaching achievements. When Tang was in his 90s, he was still keen on cultivating talents. He often goes to Taiwan Province to instruct students to write papers, and still cares about the development of agricultural science on both sides of the Taiwan Strait.
scientific research
Carry out basic research on rice with outstanding achievements and profound attainments.
Tang University graduated from 1929. As soon as he left school, he became Professor Zhao's right-hand man. On the one hand, he served as a teaching assistant, on the other hand, he accompanied the study of rice genetics and physiology, carried out rice hybrid breeding, and once presided over the Kunshan paddy field of Central University. He works hard and tirelessly, often going barefoot and operating by himself; Before sunrise, the field has gone down the mountain and the work is over after sunset; In the busy farming season, there are no sundays and holidays, so it has won the praise of local farmers. Excellent rice varieties bred in 1930s have been popularized in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the yield per unit area has increased by about 10%. During this period, he published "Genetic Research on Spikelet Length in Rice" and translated and introduced "Linkage Genetic Research in Rice".
Tang has been engaged in rice research for a long time, and has been persistent for decades, with remarkable achievements and profound academic attainments.
In the study of rice varieties and regional differences, he proved that serum judgment method, fading reaction of brown rice leaching solution to methane green solution and germination phenomenon in sodium phosphate can all judge its genetic type or origin. This research is of great academic value.
The results of "study on rice swelling" show that there are great differences among rice varieties, especially among types. This is of practical significance for rice seed selection. When breeding varieties, if other characters are similar to other varieties, it has desirable advantages in the edible economic value of rice, but its expansibility is unique.
Through the study of rice dormancy, he found that rice also has a dormancy period, which is about 20-45 days. The mechanism of rice dormancy is that the inner and outer glumes are too tightly hooked. When the inner and outer glumes are removed, dormancy disappears. According to this research result, he thinks that cultivating varieties with excellent dormancy can solve the problem of rain during rice harvest or improper treatment after harvest and avoid rice loss. This achievement won the Taiwan Province Special Education Foundation Award.
In the research of crop dormancy, Tang also did the experiment of peanut dormancy and awakening and the comparative study of peanut varieties. The research results have important application value for peanut cultivation and variety breeding. Among them, the research on peanut dormancy found that treating large dormant seeds with disinfectant uspulum can break dormancy, and this achievement also won the Taiwan Province Special Education Foundation Award.
Concentrated on soybean genetic breeding research, fruitful results.
Tang Yu 1956 began to carry out soybean hybrid breeding and genetic research, using the hybridization between soybean and cultivated varieties as materials. After several years' efforts, around 1962, "National Taiwan University 1-7" was bred for the first time in Taiwan Province Province. These improved varieties have high yield and lodging resistance, which are superior to the varieties of white-browed beans, three-kingdom beans and Shishi beans imported from Japan and the United States. It is not popularized in Kaohsiung and Pingtung, and the yield is as high as 167-200 kg/mu (2500-3000 kg/ha) in spring and autumn. This research has made a great contribution to the oil shortage and protein's Taiwan Province Province. This has also changed the general scholars' view that soybeans can only be planted as feed crops in Taiwan Province Province, but not as food or oil crops.
In the research of soybean hybrid breeding, Tang found that the pistil of soybean ripened first, so he initiated the bud pollination method, which made the soybean hybrid technology difficult and easy. Previously, it was thought that soybean flower shape was small, and hybridization was difficult and failed. His research basically solved a big problem in soybean hybrid breeding, and published papers such as "Study on Soybean Mating Technology" and "Study on Soybean Pollen Germination". This technology has been adopted by foreign scholars.
Tang not only devoted himself to soybean breeding, but also studied "Inheritance of Interspecific Heterosis and Quality Traits of Soybean" and "Study on Characteristics of Wild Soybean in Taiwan Province Province". He used cytogenetics and biogenetics to analyze and evaluate six wild soybean varieties collected from Taiwan Province Province, and obtained many valuable results. When the genetic research came to an end, he applied the new knowledge gained from theoretical research to breeding practice, further studied the soybean breeding methods with practical and high academic significance, and published many papers such as "The Inducement and Utilization Value of Soybean Polymorphism" and "Study on Seed Selection Index of Soybean Hybrid Progenies". His research is innovative in both academic theory and practical technology, and it is carried out step by step and systematically, which is a rare achievement in agricultural scientific research in Taiwan Province Province. Nominated and recommended by the Agricultural Society of Taiwan Province Province, China, he was awarded the Academic Award 1963 by the Education Department of Taiwan Province Province.
Rigorous scholarship, rich writings, a teacher, remain uncorrupted.
Tang Zhixue is rigorous and effective in teaching. Since his youth, he has devoted himself to education and worked hard to cultivate talents for the country. He has taught in Central University, Yingshi University, Concord University, Taiwan Province Provincial University, Fujian Farmer Teachers College, Fujian Gaonong and other schools, teaching crop science, rice science, crop genetics and breeding and other courses. And always prepare textbooks with the lights on. He felt that the lack of good teaching materials and reference books in agricultural colleges affected the teaching efficiency and learning effect. So I devoted myself to writing textbooks. 18 agricultural textbooks have been published one after another. 1950 and Zhao * * * edited the first and second volumes of Crop Science, which were published by Taiwan Province Provincial Bookstore and reprinted many times. He has compiled and published university books such as Agrobotany and Principles of Crop Cultivation. 1967 University book "Principles and Implementation of Crop Breeding" was published and recommended as one of the world's crop breeding masterpieces by European breeding magazine Euphytica. After his retirement, he co-authored the book "Growth and Differentiation of Plants" with Gao Jinghui. According to incomplete statistics, Tang has published Chinese and English research reports and academic works 105, most of which are about the genetic breeding and physiological research of rice and soybean, as well as the breeding methods of peanuts, sweet potatoes, wheat, potatoes, corn, cotton crops, onions and feed crops, as well as the comprehensive breeding of disease resistance and insect resistance, which shows that Tang has a wide range of knowledge.
In order to spread the knowledge of agricultural science and technology and improve the level of agricultural science, several colleagues, such as Tang, * * *, initiated the publication of Scientific Agriculture, which was published in July, 1953, aiming at developing agriculture in a scientific way and enriching people's lives. This paper mainly introduces the essence of the latest agricultural research in the world, comprehensive literature and special discussion, and the content is rich and novel. It is the only private periodical in Taiwan Province Province and has been published by Tang for 2 1 year. It has been published for 40 years, and it was published as scheduled, which condensed his hard work and sweat.
Tang was kind and inarticulate by nature, but in order to learn and manage things, he strictly abided by the principle of "having goals, confidence and perseverance". According to this principle, when he was teaching at school, he was strict with students and worked tirelessly to teach others. 1938, when Tang was the principal of Fujian Gaonong, he personally ordered the school motto to be "hands and brains" and used the couplet "I admire vanity, love wealth, and am not a modern student; Only by seeking truth and stressing science can we say that we are progressive youth ",which inspired all the students and the teachers and students of the whole school." "I pay more attention to its principles, Tang. According to his colleagues in Taiwan Province Provincial University, during the period of 1948- 1973, the treatment of public officials in Taiwan Province Province was very poor. At that time, Tang had to support a family of six, and life was very hard. However, he is determined not to seek another part-time job and part-time salary. Every day, besides preparing lessons, teaching and doing research, he is immersed in writing. The last person to turn off the lights every night in Hall 4 of National Taiwan University was Don. His daily life is simple and simple. After 50, I don't drink or smoke, and I have no special hobbies. He often laughs at himself for being "skinny and empty-handed" all his life. However, he has rich academic works, made great contributions to agricultural scientific research, education and production, and has a noble moral demeanor. This is where Tang is a teacher and respected.
Business experience
19 18 graduated from Quanzhou middle school and taught in this township primary school.
1924 ——1926 was admitted to the National Beijing Agricultural University (formerly Beijing Agricultural College).
1926 ——1929 was transferred to the Agricultural College of Nanjing Southeast University (later renamed National Central University).
1929 graduated from the Department of Agriculture of Central University and stayed as a teaching assistant.
1930 ——1935 studied the genetics and physiology of rice, sorghum and other crops with Zhao, and conducted breeding work.
1935 ——1936 went to the United States and entered the graduate school of Texas A&M University for further study. Later, I returned to China for physical reasons.
From 65438 to 0937, he served as an agricultural technology expert of Fujian provincial government, president of Fujian College of Farmer Teachers' Further Education, president of Changle Senior Agricultural Vocational School and director of Changle Farm.
1938 concurrently serves as the agricultural section chief of Fujian agricultural reform office, director of Fujian agricultural experimental field, and president of Fujian agricultural vocational school (the provincial agricultural schools in Fujian are merged).
65438-0940 served as technical director of Zhejiang Institute of Agricultural Improvement.
1941-1944 Professor, College of Agriculture, National Yingshi University.
1944 ——1946 Professor, Department of Agronomy, Fujian United University.
1946 ——1948 used to be the preparatory director of the Statistics Department of the Agriculture and Forestry Department of Taiwan Province Province, and served as the Minister of Agriculture Department of Taiwan Province Agricultural Experimental Institute in turn.
1948 ——1951,Director of Taiwan Province Agricultural Laboratory, Professor of Agriculture Department of Taiwan Province Provincial University.
1951-1952 professor and head of the department of agriculture, Taiwan Province provincial university.
1953- 1973, professor of Taiwan Province provincial university, founded the journal of scientific agriculture, and served as editor and publisher.
Main thesis
1 Tang. Genetic study on spikelet length in rice, Department of Agriculture, Central University, 19 1, No.2. 。
2 Tang Wentong. Study on rice swelling, Xieda Agricultural News, 1943, No.6. 。
3. don Preliminary study on the genetic relationship of some rice varieties by serum judgment, Xieda Agricultural News, 1943, No.7.
4 Agriculture and its Research in Taiwan Province Province in Tang Dynasty, Bank of Taiwan Quarterly, 1947, 1 (3): 1-9.
5. Don, man. Regional and Variety Differences of Fading Reaction of Brown Rice Leachate to Methane Green Solution, Special Report of Taiwan Province Agricultural Laboratory, 1947, No.5. 。
6 Tang, people. Difference of Germination Phenomenon between Indian Rice and Japanese Rice in Sodium Phosphate Solution at Night, Special Report of Taiwan Province Agricultural Laboratory, 1947, No.3 。
Don Wentong. Agricultural Improvement in Taiwan Province Province, Agricultural News,1948,2 (1):114.
8 Tang, Rice Agriculture in Mo Qiang and Taiwan Province Province, Agricultural News,1948,2 (2): 69-79.
9 Tang, et al. Cultivation and revival of textile fiber hemp in Taiwan Province Province. Construction of Taiwan Province Province, 1948, 1 (4): 8 14.
Don, 10. Report on Grain Resources, Special Issue of the Annual Meeting of Agricultural Society of China, Taiwan Province Province, 1950, 1950, 88-90.
1 1 Tang, Jiang Ruimin. Dormancy and Awakening Experiment of Peanut, Taiwan Province Sugar Quarterly,1952,4 (12): 390-397.
12 Tang. Dormancy and Treatment of Potato Buds, Agriculture and Forestry of Taiwan Province Province,1953,7 (3): 49-50.
13 Tang. Evolution of rice, scientific agriculture, 1953, 1 (5): 1-6.
14 Tang, Chen. Photoperiodic induction and radiation effect of peanut. Scientific agriculture, 1953, 1 (2): 7 15.
15 Tang, Jiang Ruimin. Comparison of some characters between big and small peanuts, research report of Agricultural Research Institute of National Taiwan Province University,1953,2 (5): 23-33.
16 Tang. Heterosis and crop breeding, scientific agriculture,1955,3 (1):110.
17 Tang, Jiang Ruimin. Study on Rice Dormancy, Report of National Taiwan University College of Agriculture,1955,4 (1):1-7.
Don, 18. Produce hybrid corn seeds without cutting the head. Scientific agriculture,1955,3 (6):15-21.
Lu shougeng, Tang,, etc. Prevention of germination loss of rice before and after harvest. The 10th Anniversary Special Issue of National Taiwan University, 1956,163-172.
20 Tang, Jiang Ruimin. Seed dormancy. Scientific agriculture,1956,4 (10): 390-396.
2 1 edited by Zhao Tang. Crop Science, Taiwan Province Bookstore.
22 Tang Wentong. Self-planting method of sweet potato. Scientific agriculture,1957,5 (4):131-151.
23 Tang bian. Agrobotany. No.1 of Agricultural College Series of National Taiwan University, 1957.
24 don Chen. Study on the Hybridization between Soybean and Taiwan Province Soybean. Journal of China Agricultural Society, Taiwan Province Province, 1959, new (28): 17-23.
25 Tang, Chen. Study on mating technology of soybean. Research Report of Agricultural College of Taiwan Province Provincial University,1959,5 (3):1-5.
26 Yuan Chenxian, Tang,, etc. Observation on flower bud differentiation of rice. Journal of Taiwan Province Chinese Agricultural Society, 1960, Xin (3 1): 13- 19.
27 Dai George, Tang et al. Abnormal plants of the first generation (F 1) of soybean interspecific hybrid Glycinemax×G.formosana. Scientific agriculture,1960,9 (9-10): 301.
28 Don, George Day. 196 1, soybean breeding method. Scientific agriculture, 196 1, 9 (3-4): 78-99.
29 Tang Wentong. Effects of soil moisture on rice physiology and root development. The report of rotation irrigation in Taiwan Province Province 196 1, 85-96.
Tang Wen is the same edition. Principles of crop cultivation. National Taiwan University College of Agriculture series 1 1, 196 1.
Editor Tang. Principle and implementation of crop breeding. Taipei: Scientific Agriculture, 1962.
Tang, Lin Qiqiang. Study on the characteristics of several wild soybeans found in Taiwan Province Province. Journal of China Agricultural Association of Taiwan Province Province, 1962, new (37): 15.
Don, George Day. Interspecific hybrid of soybean. ). Journal of Botany of China Academy of Sciences, Volume III,No. 1 (English),1962,3 (1): 39-60.
Wu Guangdong, Tang. Study on the germination of soybean pollen. Research Report of Agricultural College of Taiwan Province Provincial University,1962,6 (3): 80-88.
45p。 Tang, Li Shuilong. Experiment on drought tolerance of rice at different growth stages. Report on the Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Taiwan Province Provincial University, 1963, 45p.
Study on seed selection index of hybrid offspring of Tang and soybean. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Society of Taiwan Province Province, 1963, new (4 1): 1-6.
Tang, Lin Qiqiang. Study on the induction of soybean polyploid and its utilization value. Journal of Botany of China Academy of Sciences, Volume IV, No.2 (English), 1963,11(3-4):112.
Tang, Wu. Study on discriminant function of single character among soybean varieties. Miscellaneous notes, 1964, (6):118-119.
Tang, Wu. Study on yield discriminant function of soybean varieties. Miscellaneous notes, 1964, (6): 120— 123.
40 don, degeorge. Study on the stability of soybean varieties. Scientific agriculture,1965,43 (11-12): 336.
4 1 Tang, Cai. The development of soybean pods and the change of oil content in protein. Scientific agriculture,1969,7 (1-2): 33-34.
42. don Study on shortening the breeding period of soybean. Scientific agriculture, 1969,17 (9-10); 167— 172.
43. don Study on the growth competition trend of rice mixed population. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Society of Taiwan Province Province, 1970, new (70): 1- 17.
44 don Zhang. Study on growth and rooting of soybean callus. Journal of Taiwan Province Agricultural Society of China, 1974, new (85): 3- 12.
45 Tang bian. Agronomy (I, II). Datong Bookstore, 1967.
46 Tang, a man. Plant Growth and Differentiation, published by Agricultural College of Taiwan Province Provincial University, 1978.