With the development and utilization of biomass energy, wind energy, solar energy, hydro energy, fossil energy and nuclear energy, human society is gradually moving from agricultural civilization in primitive society to modern industrial civilization. However, with the increase of global population and the continuous growth of economic scale, the environmental problems and their consequences caused by the use of conventional energy sources such as fossil energy and bioenergy are constantly recognized by people. In recent years, the hazards of waste gas pollution, photochemical smog, water pollution and acid rain, as well as the global climate change caused by the increase of carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere, have been recognized as the serious consequences brought by human beings' destruction of the natural environment, unhealthy production and lifestyle and the use of conventional energy. In this context, a series of new concepts and policies have emerged, such as carbon footprint, low-carbon economy, low-carbon technology, low-carbon development, low-carbon lifestyle, low-carbon society, low-carbon city and low-carbon world. The result of great changes in energy, economy and even values may be a new way to gradually move towards ecological civilization, that is, abandoning the traditional growth model in the 20th century and before, directly applying innovative technologies and mechanisms in the new century, and realizing social sustainable development through low-carbon economic model and low-carbon lifestyle.
Low-carbon economic purpose
Low-carbon economy is characterized by building an economic development system based on low energy consumption and low pollution and aiming at reducing greenhouse gas emissions, including low-carbon energy system, low-carbon technology and low-carbon industrial system. Low-carbon energy system refers to the development of clean energy, including wind energy, solar energy, nuclear energy, geothermal energy and biomass energy, to replace fossil energy such as coal and oil and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Low carbon technologies include clean coal technology (IGCC) and carbon dioxide capture and storage technology (CCS). The low-carbon industrial system includes thermal power emission reduction, new energy vehicles, energy-saving buildings, industrial energy-saving emission reduction, circular economy, resource recovery, environmental protection equipment, energy-saving materials and so on. The starting point of low-carbon economy is to calculate carbon source and carbon footprint. There are three important sources of carbon dioxide, among which the most important carbon source is thermal power emissions, accounting for 41%of the total carbon dioxide emissions; The fastest growth is automobile exhaust emissions, accounting for 25%, especially when China's automobile sales began to surpass the United States, this problem became more and more serious; Emissions from buildings account for 27%, rising steadily with the increase in the number of houses. Connotation low-carbon economy: it is an economic model to realize low-carbon development in a series of social activities, such as production, circulation, consumption and waste recycling. Specifically, low-carbon economy refers to the concept of sustainable development, through concept innovation, technological innovation, system innovation, industrial structure innovation, business innovation, new energy development and utilization and other means. Improve the efficiency of energy production and use, increase the proportion of production and utilization of low-carbon or non-carbon fuels, reduce the consumption of high-carbon energy such as coal and oil as much as possible, and actively explore the ways of research and development and utilization of carbon sink technology, so as to achieve the purpose of slowing down the growth of C O2 concentration in the atmosphere, and finally achieve a win-win situation for economic and social development and ecological environmental protection.
meaning
To develop a low-carbon economy, on the one hand, we should actively undertake environmental protection responsibilities and meet the requirements of national energy conservation and consumption reduction indicators; On the other hand, it is to adjust the economic structure, improve the efficiency of energy utilization, develop emerging industries and build ecological civilization. This is a realistic way to abandon the previous development model of pollution first and then treatment, low-end first and high-end, extensive first and intensive first, and an inevitable choice to achieve a win-win situation for economic development and resource and environmental protection. Realization method
With the emergence of low-carbon discourse, low-carbon society, low-carbon city, low-carbon supermarket, low-carbon campus, low-carbon transportation, low-carbon environmental protection, low-carbon network and low-carbon community-all walks of life are scrambling to label them as low-carbon, making low-carbon a fashion. Only in this way can we better standardize the solid and orderly promotion of "low-carbon economy", realize the emission reduction targets proposed by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, and truly become the propeller to promote social sustainable development [1].
First, incorporate emission reduction targets into the Twelfth Five-Year Plan.
It is a solemn commitment and a very heavy responsibility to achieve a 40%-45% reduction in carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP in China by 2020 compared with 2005. On the one hand, it shows that China must change its economic growth mode, adjust its economic structure and transform into a low-carbon economy. On the other hand, it shows that the government, non-governmental organizations, enterprises and individuals must become the parties, participants, devotees and beneficiaries of this revolution. Second, do a good job in the pilot and set an example. At present, Shenzhen has become the first national low-carbon ecological demonstration city approved by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, which is a good example. The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development supports giving priority to the latest policies and technical standards for the construction of low-carbon eco-city in Shenzhen, guiding related projects to settle in Shenzhen first, and summing up experience in time to promote them nationwide; Shenzhen is responsible for the policies, technical standards and demonstration tasks of the national low-carbon eco-city construction. At the same time, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development supports Shenzhen to upgrade the specifications of the annual "Bright Forum", making it an influential platform for the exchange of theory and practice of low-carbon eco-city at home and abroad. In qualified provinces, cities, regions, industries and provinces, pilot projects and modes should be selected purposefully, and construction should be carried out in a down-to-earth manner to ensure sound and rapid development of China's economy driven by a low-carbon economy. Third, set up specialized agencies to guide the "low-carbon economy". Promoting low-carbon economy is a systematic project, which needs the cooperation of the whole society. Improving the environment and forming a resource-saving and environment-friendly economic development model require equal attention to administrative, legal and economic means. Administrative means is guidance, legal means is rule, and economic means is balance. Because the essence of environmental problems is development, and ultimately it depends on economic laws and market mechanisms to solve them. In order to ensure that the whole society keeps pace, Qi Xin makes concerted efforts to make the "low-carbon economy" advance on the right track and successfully complete this arduous and great revolution that completely changes the social and economic order and lifestyle of human beings, it is absolutely necessary for the state to set up a "low-carbon economy guidance institution". Fourth, formulate relevant policies to ensure the healthy development of "low-carbon economy". Absorb international advanced experience, formulate and introduce industrial import policies; Support policies for land use; Financial support policy; A complete technical theory; Systematic industry, product certification and testing standards and accelerated personnel training.
Fifth, vigorously develop "low-carbon industries".
In order to achieve low carbon, it is not advisable to stop development and develop at a low speed, but to accelerate development and improve China's competitiveness in low-carbon economy and technology. Therefore, while changing the mode of economic growth, adjusting the economic structure and transforming into a low-carbon economy, we should vigorously develop low-carbon industries. Low-carbon economy is not only a responsibility that needs to be taken seriously, but also means new development opportunities. We must cultivate and innovate more new economic growth points in the transformation and change. Hangzhou's first "low-carbon industry fund" with a scale of 5 billion yuan is a typical government-led low-carbon industry, and its investment direction is "high-carbon transformation, low-carbon upgrading and no carbon substitution". High-carbon transformation includes energy saving and emission reduction; Low-carbon upgrading includes upgrading the original equipment with new materials, new equipment and new technologies; Carbon-free alternatives include new energy sources; Nuclear, wind, solar, etc. Sixth, handle the relationship between "one grasp" and "three defenses". "One grasp" is to grasp the construction of low-carbon economy; "Three Preventions" is to prevent rushing headlong into action and prevent projects from being chaotic and wasteful. This is a lesson from history. At the beginning, governments, industries and society at all levels must be clear-headed, clear-headed, consistent in understanding and unified in pace.
Seventh, do a good job in publicity and education popularization and supervision by public opinion.
Governments at all levels should publicize the importance, necessity and benefits of low-carbon economy through various means, and often inform the society of the progress, effectiveness and shortcomings of emission reduction, and at the same time organize the media to cooperate with government orders to report and expose relevant issues in a timely manner. Open a special low-carbon economic network, build a bridge between the people and the government, and give play to the people's role as masters of the "low-carbon economy". Eighth, give full play to the role of NPC and CPPCC in the operation of low-carbon economy. Governments at all levels fully respect the approval, supervision and role of the NPC and CPPCC in new projects, investment direction and emission reduction effectiveness. In addition to regularly organizing delegates and members to inspect new low-carbon economic projects, the government should also inform delegates and members of the operation of low-carbon economy, the proportion of low-carbon economy in GDP and the contribution rate of low-carbon economy to people's happiness at the annual two sessions. Ninth, the performance of "low-carbon economy" should be included in the core content of government and civil servants' performance appraisal.
Governments at all levels should publicize the importance, necessity and benefits of low-carbon economy through various means, and often inform the society of the progress, effectiveness and shortcomings of emission reduction, and at the same time organize the media to cooperate with government orders to report and expose relevant issues in a timely manner. Open a special low-carbon economic network, build a bridge between the people and the government, and give play to the people's role as masters of the "low-carbon economy". Eighth, give full play to the role of NPC and CPPCC in the operation of low-carbon economy. Governments at all levels fully respect the approval, supervision and role of the NPC and CPPCC in new projects, investment direction and emission reduction effectiveness. In addition to regularly organizing delegates and members to inspect new low-carbon economic projects, the government should also inform delegates and members of the operation of low-carbon economy, the proportion of low-carbon economy in GDP and the contribution rate of low-carbon economy to people's happiness at the annual two sessions. Ninth, the performance of "low-carbon economy" should be included in the core content of government and civil servants' performance appraisal.